大学英语翻译练习

1、一虚拟语气1.He didnt go to the party, but he does wish he _(当时在那。2. It is essential that these application forms _(尽早寄出去。3. It is Harolds desire that he _. (和妻子合葬4. Id rather yo u _(不带那些重要文件 with you.5. Take your raincoat in case _( 以防下雨二、非谓语动词(一现在分词1.现在分词作状语,可以表示时间,原因,结果,条件,让步,伴随状况等_(在求职面试之后,you will be

2、 required to take a language test.2. 现在分词短语作宾补此类分词短语主要出现在感官动词之后,如feel, hear, notice, observe, perceive, see, smell, watch, listen to, look at 等,强调动作正在发生;或出现在使役动词之后,如get, have, bring, keep, leave, send, set, start 等。例:I was late for the laboratory yesterday.I know, I saw you _(拼命地跑例:His remarks left

3、me _(想知道他的真实目的3. 现在分词的完成式和被动式例:The children went there to watch the _(铁塔被竖起。4. 现在分词的复合结构分词复合结构也称独立主格结构,形式是名词、代词+分词。其中名词或代词与现在分词是逻辑上的主谓关系,与过去分词是动宾关系,在句中作状语,现在分词复合结构有时可由介词with 或without 引导。例:_(由于这么多的董事缺席,the board meeting had to be put off.(二 动名词1.动名词作动词宾语有些动词只可接动名词而不可接动词不定式,这些动词包括:abandon, admit, advi

4、ce, advocate, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, complete, consider, delay, deny, deserve, discuss, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy, favor, finish, forgive, imagine, include, involve, keep, mention, mind, miss, pardon, postpone, practice, quit, recall ,recommend, resist, risk, save, suggest, toler

5、ate, understand例:The young man still denies _(在商店后面放了火例:People appreciate_(与他一起工作 because he has a good sense of humor.2. 动名词作介词宾语介词后接动名词作宾语很普遍,其中特别要记住一些含有介词to的短语。以下带介词to 的短语后面接动名词adhere to, stick to, cling to, admit to, confess to, contribute to, get down to, give way to, yield to, lead to, look fo

6、rward to, keep to, object to, turn to, see to, be/get used to, be accustomed to, be addicted to, be committed to, be dedicated to, be devoted to, resort to, submit to 等。例:The man in the corner confessed to _(对经理说了谎of the company.3. 动名词用在固定结构之后下列固定结构只可接动名词而不可接不定式:be busy/engaged in, feel like, give u

7、p, have a good time (in, cant help/stand/resist. Have difficulty/trouble (in, look like, put off,Its no use 等。例:She was so angry that she felt like _(扔东西打他4. 动名词的主动表被动在need, want, require, deserve, bear 等动词,以及be worth 后面的动名词以主动形式表达被动意思。例:What a lovely party! Its worth _(我终生铭记。三、从句(名词性从句,定语从句,状语从句(一名

8、词性从句例:We agreed to accept _(任何一位他们认为好的 tourist guide.(二定语从句引导定语从句的有关系代词as, who, whom, whose, which ,that 和关系副词when ,where, why 等。1.as 引导定语从句as 作为关系代词来引导定语从句是常考的考点,故单独详细讲解如下:1as可引导非限制性定语从句,相当于which 引导的非限制性定语从句,如:I am fromBeijing, as you know. 相当于:I am from Beijing ,which you know. 但as 引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在

9、句首。2as 可作为关系代词来引导定语从句,既可以单独引导定语从句,又可以与逐句中的thesame 或such 相呼应,从句中的谓语动词常省略。例:_(正如所料,the response to the question was very mixed.例:The British are not so familiar with different cultures and other ways of doing things,_(正如经常发生在其他国家的情形一样。2.关系代词that 和which用法的区别Which 可以引导一个非限制性定语从句,that 则不能。Which之前可以有介词,th

10、at 之前则不能只能用that,而不能用which的主要情况1当先行词是all,anything,everything,few,little, much, none, nothing ,something 等不定代词时。2当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。3当先行词被the very, the only 等词修饰时。例:All _(合理的 is not necessarily practicable.例:There is hardly an environment on earth _(动物种群尚未成功适应。答案to which some species of animal or othe

11、r has not adapted successfully(三 状语从句1. hardly/ barely/ scarcely.when 和no soonerthan 引导的时间状语从句这两个短语置于句首时,从句主谓需要部分倒装,其中位于动词用过去完成时。例:No sooner _(我们一到山顶 than we all sat down to rest.2. 状语从句特殊的引导词Now that 既然,由于例:_(既然你熟悉了作者的观点,try reading all the sections as quickly as you possibly can.In thatIn that 因为,

12、由于例:Criticism and self criticism in necessary in _(原因是这有助于fine and correct our mistakes.In case/for fear that/lest 以防,万一,以免例:He was punished lest _(再犯同样的错误。So.that./suchthat如此。以至于。例:The radio was of _(这么差的质量 that I took it back and asked for a better one.As long as/so long as 只要例:He will surely fini

13、sh the job on time as _(只要让他以自己的方式去做。Unless 除非,只要不例:_(政府才能有效运行 unless it is free from such interference.If only 只要(一般后用虚拟语气例:Im sure that he is up to the job if _(只要他肯用心。Provided that 如果Even if 即使Even though 尽管,虽然四、主谓一致(一就近原则Not onlybut also, or, nor, eitheror, neithernor, whetheror.连接两个主语时,谓语动词与最邻近

14、的主语保持一致。例:Neither tears nor protest _(不能影响他们父母的决定。由neither、either of +复数名词或代词作主语时,谓语用单数。Many a +名词/ more than one +名词,意义是复数,谓语用单数Many a famous pop singer has been ruined by drugs.五、特殊结构(一强调结构It is/was +被强调部分+that/who +原句中的其他部分,在是哟个强调句型时要注意,指人时可以用who或者that,其他情况一律用that。例:It_(直到天黑,she realized it was t

15、oo late to go home.(二 倒装结构倒装结构分为部分倒装和全部倒装。部分倒装指谓语中的一部分,如助动词do, does, did, have, has, had, 情态动词can, could, may, might, should, would, ought to, must, need 等,系动词be 等放在主语前面,其余部分包括谓语动词仍在主语后面。部分倒装适用于以下情况:1.有否定含义的副词或短语谓语句首作状语这类词有:neither, never, no, nor, not, seldom. Rarely, hardly, scarcely, little, few,

16、 under no circumstances, by no means, in no case, in no way, on no account, on no condition, no sooner 等。例:I could not persuade him to accept it, _(也无法使他看到起重要性。2. only 谓语句首修饰状语或宾语例:Only under special circumstances _(允许大学一年级学生 to take make up test.3 虚拟倒装虚拟语气的让步状语从句中,在省略了if 的情况下主谓部分倒装例:Had _(我如果停了你的话,all this misery might have beenavoided.六、情态动词情态动词完成式所表达的意义Cant /couldnt have done 不可能做过(表示对过去情况的断然否决;Could have done 本可能(强调有某种能力,表示对过去情况的一种遗憾;May/might have do