鲁滨逊漂流记论文

1、归 档 号：H223-2016-JX17-550武汉工商学院毕业论文(设计)学院： 经济与商务外语学院 专业： 英语 年级： 2012级 学生： 李明灿 学号：1205080301 指导教师： 刘芬 职称: 副教授 题目: How Character Influences Fate in Robinson Crusoe 从鲁滨逊漂流记中看性格对命运的影响 2016年4月30日武汉工商学院本科毕业论文（设计）原创性声明本人郑重声明：所呈交的论文是本人在导师的指导下独立进行研究所取得的研究成果。除了文中特别加以标注引用的内容外，本论文不包含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写的成果作品。本人完全意识到

2、本声明的法律后果由本人承担。 作者签名： 年 月 日AcknowledgementsI would like to express my gratitude to all those who helped me during the writing of this thesis. My deepest gratitude goes first to Professor Liu, my supervisor, for her constant encouragement and guidance. She has walked me through all the stages of the w

3、riting of this thesis. Without her consistent and illuminating instruction, this thesis could not have reached its present form. Second, thanks are also due for help ways to other teachers, for their lectures during my studies, which have laid the solid foundation for my studies, and to all my frien

4、ds and classmates, who have shown their concerns and help which have made my studies more bearable. Last but not least, I feel very grateful to my family for their selfness and persistent support for my studies.iii从鲁滨逊漂流记中看性格对命运的影响摘要鲁滨逊漂流记是笛福最最杰出的作品。讲述了主人公鲁滨逊在荒岛上独自生活了28年的故事。他通过自己不轻言放弃、坚忍不拔的精神，与大自然作抗

5、争，最终存活下来，并回到了自己的家乡。本论文通过对鲁滨逊漂流记相关材料的收集和研究，从性格与命运的关系来研究原著。在物质生活必需品匮乏和没有安全保障的情况下，鲁滨逊独自在孤岛上生活了二十八年。通过对原著以及相关书记的研究很好的解释了鲁滨逊能幸存下来的原因，不难得到正是因为他的不放弃生的希望，不断创新，坚持不懈，才使得他得以幸存下来，并创造自己的王国。这个物欲横流、金钱至上、经济腾飞的时代，相较于前人所研究的乌托邦，18世纪的英国社会等研究，主人公面对不幸越挫越勇，将不利变为有利，将绊脚石变垫脚石的态度，更值得当代人去学习。人们可以学习主人公的努力劳动，坚持不懈，不断创新，从不言弃，从而创造属于

6、自己的美好明天。 关键词：鲁滨逊漂流记; 积极；性格；不幸；坚持不懈；命运How Character Influences Fate in Robinson CrusoeAbstractRobinson Crusoe is the first and the most outstanding novel written by Daniel Defoe, which narrates the hero, Robinson lived a live in a isolate island alone for 28 years. With his spirit of never give up an

7、d persistence, he fought against natural adversity and survived in such situation and finally returned his hometown. This paper aims to study and expresses the famous novel by the relationship between character and fate based on relevant materials. With the lacking of the necessities on his living a

8、nd without any guarantee of his life, Robinson Crusoe lived on an isolated island for almost 28 years. Based on the study of the original book and other related books, it is easy to make a conclusion that Robinson could survived and created his own kingdom was due to his hard working, never giving u

9、p the hope of survival, still thinking a lot of creating and remorseless. However, in this money-centered, money-paramount and high-speed boom period, compared with Utopia, the society of the 18th century in English and studies written by other authors, the attitude of the heros dealing with the adv

10、ersity rightly, turning the adversity into advantage, and turning the stumbling stone into stepping stone are more useful for people to learn. People could create a better future by learning the heros hard working, persistence, creativity and never giving up.Key words：Robinson Crusoe; Positive; Char

11、acters; Adversity; Persistence; FateContentsAcknowlegementsi摘要iiAbstractiii1. Introduction12. Literature Review.23. How Character Influences Fate in Robinson Crusoe23.1 Hard working VS Success23.2 Persistence VS Adversity33.3 Never giving up VS Satisfaction44. Enlightenment from Robinson Crusoe64.1M

12、ake a good plan64.2 Have a good thinking64.3 Never give up75.Conclusion8Bibliography.101. IntroductionRobinson Crusoe is the first and the most outstanding novel written by Daniel Defoe. If ever the story of any private mans adventure in the world were worth making public, and were the acceptable wh

13、en published, Robinson Crusoe will be so. Robinson Crusoe, which is known as the first true novel in English, is a text much maligned by certain critics on the left. It is, however, not a novel that unambiguously extols the virtues of the bourgeois life. (Marx criticized Robinson Crusoe as a celebra

14、tion of bourgeois individualism. Crusoe survives alone and lives alone: bourgeois individualists are Robinsonades.) To be honest, Robinson lives off the wreckage of a ship- a civilization which had imprisoned Daniel Defoe a lot. Defoe was a self-made man. During his early years as a businessman, he

15、travelled widely on the continent and learned half a dozen European languages. He had an active mind and showed extraordinary energy, taking interests in a great many things. These traits are just showed on Robinson.There is no doubt that Robinson Crusoe is a great hero written by Daniel Defoe. Thou

16、gh Robinson is myth, he tells people the truth that we should fight against adversity properly. Robinson Crusoes life is full of magic stories. He was born in a good family in the city of York. Once his father said, “It was the best state in the world, the most suited to human happiness, not exposed

17、 to the miseries and hardships, the labor and sufferings of the mechanic part of mankind and not embarrassed with the pride, luxury, ambition, and envy of the upper part of mankind.” (Daniel Defoe, 1997) But owing to his rambling thoughts about sailing, he took sail as a job against his parents will

18、ingness. However, unfortunately, he was caught by Turkish buccaneers and became a slave at the African shore. Because of the unbearable life, he luckily escaped from his Patron in a boat. Then he was saved by a freighter. And he was sent to Brazil safely.The purpose of this paper is to discuss how c

19、haracter influences a persons life and fate, especially the positive characters. And how people make full use of those characters and keep a path towards their satisfactory and successful life and career.2. Literature ReviewWhen discussing about the characters based on Robinson Crusoe, most aim to i

20、llustrate and express that how characters of the hero influence his life. For instance, He Yang（2000）conveys his idea that this fabulous novel compares the heros complicated characters through describing his attitude and reations toward different situations. Such as diligence, selfishness, hypocrisy

21、, strength, etc. Moreover, Zhang Tiannan（2015）and Huang Shouyou（2002）discussed that the miracle Robinson created was owing to his personal characters. Huang places an emphasis on the heros image- a typical “ideal” bourgeois individual who is equipped with diligence and rigorous spirit, and praises h

22、is personal value and rational thoughts. Besides, like Zhao Kun（2014）said in his recent book, this novel is popular among public results from respect and admire to Robinson who fought against natural difficulties bravely and successfully. On the other hand, he describes that it is instrumental and c

23、onducive to educate teenagers personalities and minds. Since those characters Robinson possessed, he lived more than 20 years alone in an isolate island. When facing with adversity and formidable difficulties, Robinson managed to take active measures to tackle them and adapted himself to that enviro

24、nment. Those researches have discussed the personalities and influence on Robinsons life, which is helpful for readers to learn.This thesis will analyze the image of Robinson from the perspective of his positive character. To some extent, there is no doubt that his positive characters have a great i

25、mpact on todays people from all walks and life. It is quite understand that we can learn a lesson from his experience. Apart from these studies and analysis, what I want to mention is that the positive image of Robinson, also his favorable spirit still have significant and educational meaning in mod

26、ern day.3. How Character Influences Fate in Robinson Crusoe3.1 Hard working VS Success In the novel, the hard work of Robinson shows the characters of human labor. When he took the remained things from the ship which had not sunk into the ocean enough, he expected the utilities of everything he took

27、 onshore. Till he had fastened his raft to be strong enough to bear any reasonable weight, then he care about what to load it with and how to preserve what he lain upon it from the surf of the sea. Firstly, he loaded provision such as some bread, rice, three Dutch cheeses, and five pieces of dried g

28、oatskin flash, which he would live much upon. He then found some clothes for they might keep him out of cold which made him out of cold. The thing that he wanted most was the carpenters chest, in which there were many valuable tools, for his purpose of cultivating the island for survival. Then he ca

29、red about some ammunition and arms, because they could protect themselves from being attacked by dangerous animals. When Robinson recognized he was the only one survived on the island, he began to consider the security of himself while he was abandoned on a desert island. Honestly, he was flopped in

30、to a primitive state from his capitalist society. Though he had brought necessities from the ship, however, they also could turn to be limited for him to live on the island, for it was not a single or two days. So he had to explore the nature and made himself secured on the island. Robinson was actu

31、ally a man in the primitive society with the concept of bourgeoisie. Engels said Robinson was a real capitalist. He felt fortunate to find himself was still alive, however, the fear struck into his mind that he might be attacked by some dangerous animals. To keep in safety, the first response is to

32、keep a distance from danger. It is also the effective way and the only way to preserve ones life in desperation. Robinson got up into a thick bushy tree which was near him, and where he resolved to sit all night, and considered “what death he should dye” he cut a short stick for his defense before h

33、e got sleep. First step of the building by Robinson, his habitation was just like a country, and seeked a proper place to live where his goods could be stored from whatever might happen. When he got a raft to get necessities from the sinking ship, he was “under some apprehensions during my absence f

34、rom the land, that at least my provisions might be devoured on shore” having finished his transportation of provisions, he returned to his tent where “I lay with all my wealth about me very secure” he built study fence and door not only for the purpose of protecting himself, but also for the insuran

35、ce of his wealth. (Daniel Defoe, 1997). What he had done guaranteed his safety on the desert island. Robinson is the asset with the enterprising spirit. The first problem that he need solve is survival. He firmly believes his own strength. He believes that "a person just afford to sit, not utop

36、ian own thing, there is no use," hands to do, to open up for him is an "absolute truth." In order to the necessities in the sinking ship, he has painstakingly over thirty or forty times around the board; in order to do a floor, he was willing to spend 42 days; in order to build a plac

37、e of refuge, he tented tree fences, and opened the cave; in order to make their living more comfortable, he domesticated wild animals, through plantations and pastures. After all these had been done, he finally created his own "little kingdom", this little kingdom, in addition to the lack

38、of assistants, is nothing lacking. 3.2 Persistence VS AdversityTwenty-eight years is just a long time. How many twenty-eight years are there in all ones life? It is difficult to live on a desert island without necessities for a person for such a long time. The living condition is beyond imagination.

39、 But luckily Robinson survived. Robinson is not a person who was born with courage to face up to the adversity. He is not a man who wishes for living stably. Owing to his rebellious thoughts about sailing, he has to confront ever-present various adversities. Why can he deal with the adversity well?

40、Persistence is the most important factor. The reason why Robinson could survive did not due to his good luck, but his attitudes towards the adversities. He did never give up the hope of survival still thought a lot of creating and remorseless, and finally created a better place for himself.His perse

41、verance in spending months making a canoe, and in practicing pottery making until he gets it right, is praiseworthy. Additionally, his resourcefulness in building a home, dairy, grape, county house, and goat stable from practically nothing is clearly remarkable. These all are Robinsons developments

42、in the islands. Under this kind of enterprising spirit, the entire island has already been regarded as his own territory. Therefore, he improves the island into a homeland.It is like Robinson said that upon the whole, there was an undoubted testimony, which there was the worst condition in the world

43、 so miserable, but there was something negative or something positive to be thankful for in it; and let this stand as a direction from the experience of the most miserable of all conditions in the world, that we may always find in it something to comfort ourselves from and to set in the description

44、of good and evil on the credit side of the account. If a person wants to get out of trouble, he must know how to deal with adversity properly. It is just as an old saying goes that know yourself as well as the enemy, then to be evervictorious general. People who do not want to change the condition i

45、n plight will not get out of the adversity. Otherwise people who live in adversity are eager for chances. Chances belong to those who are prepared for them. One who is always negative and waits for the chance without considering the future or creating the chance will be beaten finally.3.3 Never givi

46、ng up VS SatisfactionEven though Robinson got necessities from the ship that wrecked, he was still lack of something, such as a table and a chair, and etc. When he was in trouble that lacking of necessity, he did not lose his heart of making those necessities, which made a distinction between human

47、and animals. Engels said that never can an ape make a knife even if a stone knife of awful shape.Firstly, he had no idea how to measure the time. He did not have any calendar so that he only could write down the date in his mind. What made it worse was that Robinson could not find a pen or a piece o

48、f paper. So he used a knife to carve on the stones and trees. Without a table, Robinson could not write and eat, as well as do other things. And he used what he had to make these necessities. He achieved to make a table and chairs though it took him a lot of time and labor. And as soon as Robinson f

49、ound himself need a basket, though he failed again and again. But he still tried as possible as he could. With the careful observing, he found the twigs which were as tough as the osiers in England. Then he tried again to make a basket with the twigs. Eventually he succeeded.People will not as fortu

50、nate as Robinson who was persistent for such a long time. Facing with adversity with persistence, and people will win at last.In trouble, people should look squarely at it, and then they can overcome it. Making the determination to overcome the difficulty and making persistent efforts, people will f

51、ind that the adversity can be overcome easily. Just as the saying goes: persistence is victory. Only if one is remitting to the end, he will get to the summit of victory. People can draw the conclusion that persistence leads to the final success. So take actions and be persistent. Dont just come up

52、with an ambitious plan and wait for a proper date to get a start.4. Enlightenment from Robinson CrusoeAccording to the analysis on the positive characters of Robinson, undoubtedly we can get enlightenment from his story and his favorable merits as follow:4.1 Make a good planIt is said that a plan is

53、 a good guider. It plays an important role in work. When one is in trouble, to make a plan for the future becomes important and necessary than ever before. People must have a plan to help them finish all the things. There are some advantages of making a plan. Firstly, a plan can help people save a l

54、ot of time. It makes people know which must be done first and which can be done second. Secondly, a plan can help people do things better. A good order of doing things makes people happier and relaxed. People can do things quickly and efficiently and they will be interested in everything they do and

55、 want to do more. Thirdly, small plans will help people know how to make a big plan a life study plan. So if people want to make his life better and better, he should plan all the things he will do, and at last make a good plan for his own life.People who do not want to change the condition in pligh

56、t will not get out of the adversity. Otherwise people who live in adversity are eager for chances. Chances belong to those who are prepared for them. One who is always negative and waits for the chance without considering the future or creating the chance will be beaten finally.Only by recognizing t

57、he adversity properly can one make constant efforts in practice to get out of adversity. Adversity has its special meaning. It is different from trifles in the daily life. Adversity refers to a state of misfortune or affliction in ones life, such as misfortune of a family, the attack of the natural disasters and something like these which brings affliction to the body and mind. Adversity can be changed. To some extent, if one can recognize the adversity properly, take advantage of the chance, create the condition and change the bad factors into the good ones, he