初中现在完成时讲解练习2

1、现在完成时精讲和专练I.定义：表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，也可以表示过去已经开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态II.现在完成时的结构肯定句：have/has+done过去分词）否定句：主语+have/has+not+done过去分词）+其他般疑问句：Have/Has+i语+done赳去分词）+其他.简略答语：Yes,主语+have/has.育定）No,主语+haven't/hasn't.。定）注意：表示短暂时间动作的词，如：come,go,die,marry,buy等的完成时不能与for,since等表示一段时间的词连用。用来持续的动作或状态或表过去重复的

2、动作，如live,study,be,wait等，常和since（自从）或for（经历）引导的词语连用。如：Ihavelivedhereformorethanthirtyyears我已在此住了30多年。III .现在完成时的标志1 .现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响，现在完成时通常和ever,never,twice（once-）,sofar（至U目前为止）,since,for,inthepast/lastfewyears（在过去几年），already（肯定句），yet（否定，疑问句），just（刚刚），before（以前），recently（近来）等词连用。说明：already

3、与yet都有巳经”的意思，但already常用于肯定句，并用于句中。yet常用于否定句和疑问句，并用于句末。例如：Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework.Ihaven'tfinishedmyhomeworkyet.Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?Theyhaveleft.（他们已经离开了，也就是说现在他们人不在这里）Ihavehadmylunch.我已经吃过午饭了，也就是说我现在不饿）Ican'tfindmywatchnow.IthinkIhavealreadylostit.2 .过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在，甚至有可能继

4、续延续下去，我们可以从动作“延续”的特性和“时间”点段的区分入手。for+时段since+过去一个时间点（过去从句）为标志注意：1）现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday,lastweek,threeyearsago等；2）不能与when连用。IV .现在完成时的用法A.表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调对现在造成的影想或结果。例如：Thecarhasarrived.车子来了。（结果：车子已在门口）Someonehasbrokenthewindow1人把窗户打破了。（结果：窗户仍破着）B.表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示从过去某一

5、时刻延续到现在（包括现在”在内）的一段时间的状语连用，如for+时间段、since+过去的时间点、疑问词howlong等。例如：Myunclehasworkedatthisfactoryforfiveyears.我叔叔在这个工厂工作已经五年了。Mr.BlackhaslivedinChinasince2002.自从2002年Mr.Black一直住在中国。Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?你来这里多久了?注意：此种用法中表示持续动作或状态的动词必须是延缴性动词（否定句除外）例如：(1)这本书我已经买了三个月了。错误：Ihaveboughtthebookforthreemonths.正确

6、：Ihavehadthebookforthreemonths.(2)你哥哥参军多长时间了？错误：Howlonghasyourbrotherjoinedthearmy?正确：Howlonghasyourbrotherbeeninthearmy/beenasoldier?延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换：leave - be away borrow - keep buy - have die - be dead begin/start - be on finish - be over fall ill -be ill get up-be up catch a cold have a coldpu

7、tonfwearcome/become/go-beherefallasleep-beasleepgetto/arrive/reach-be(in)gettoknow-knowjoin-beamemberof.(成为的一员)open-beopenclose-beclosed用相应的延续性动词替换短暂性动词，句中谓语动词用现在完成时，时间状语为“fo去时间段”或“sin。e时间点如：HehasbeenintheGreenChinaforthreeyears.HehasbeenamemberoftheGreenChinaforthreeyears.他加入绿色中国”已经三年了。Theoldmandie

8、d4yearsago.-Theoldmanhasbeendeadfor4years.HejoinedtheParty2yearsago.-HehasbeeninthePartyfor2years.Iboughtthebook5daysago.-Ihavehadthebookfor5days.表示时间段的短语有：for+段时间（for2years）,since+从旬（sincehecamehere）,since时间点名词（sincelastyear,since5daysago）,howlong;foralongtime等。V .现在完成时态与一般过去时态的区别1、一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作

9、或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。Isawthisfilmyesterday.（强调动作发生的时间是yesterday。）Ihaveseenthisfilm.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）2、ago, last week/.般过去时和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：In2008,inthepast,justnow,thedaybeforeyesterday,yesterday.Then（那时）,thatday,oneday,once（前）3、现在完成时常和recently（近来），ever,never,twice,sof

10、ar（到目前为止）,since，for，inthepast/lastfewyears,already（肯定句）,yet（否定，疑问旬），just（冈网），before（以前）连用。现在完成时不与表示过去的时间状语连用。现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live,teach,learn,work,study,know.VI .比较since和forsince后接时间点，for后接时间段，试比较：Ihavelivedhereformorethantwentyyears.IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn.Myaunthasworkedinacompa

11、nysince1949.Ihavenotheardfrommyuncleforalongtime.VII .比较have/hasbeento、have/hasgoneto和havebeeninhave（has）beento.表示曾去过某地，已经从那里回来了”，可以和ever、never、twice等连用。have（has）gonetoft示已经去了某地，在去那里的途中或到达那里还没有回来"。have（has）beenin表示“在某地呆多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：since,for,howlong等HewenttoShanghailastweek.上周他去了上海。Heh

12、asbeentoShanghai.他（曾经）到/去过上海。（但他人现在肯定不是在上海而是回来了）HehasgonetoShanghai.他已经去上海了。（也许刚动身出发,也许已经到了,也许还在路上,反正他人不在这里）Mr.BrownhasbeeninShanghaiforthreedays.布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。语法练习一、延续性动词和瞬间性动词之间的转化1. Hedied10yearsago.Hefor10years/since10yearsago.2. Heborrowedthebook2weeksago.Hethebookfor2weeks.3. Heboughtthemotorb

13、ikeamonthago.Hethemotorbikeforamonth.4. Hearrivedherethreedaysago.Heheresincethreedaysago.5. Theyturnedoffthelight2hoursago.Thelightfor2hours.6. Helefthere2yearsago.Hefromherefor2years.7. Thefilmbegan30minutesago.Thefilmfor30minutes.8. Theyopenedthedooranhourago.Thedoorforanhour.9. Theyclosedthedoor

14、anhourago.Thedoorforanhour.10. Hejoinedthearmylastyear.Heaforayear.Hethearmyforayear.Itayearhejoinedthearmy.二、单项选择。()1.Thefamouswriteronenewbookinthepasttwoyears.has written.a moment agoA.iswritingB.waswritingC.wrote()2.HaveyoumetMr.Li?A.JustB.agoC.before()3.Howlonghaveyouhere?Abouttwomonths.8D . kn

15、ewD .seeA.beenB.gone()4.-Ourcountryalotsofar.Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven.A.haschanged;wellB.changed;good()5.youyourhomeworkyet?-Yes.IA.Did;do;finishedC.Have;done;havefinished()6.WeXiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.A. knowB.hadknown()7.HarryPotterisaverynicefilm.Itwice.A.willseeB.haveseenC.comeD.arrivedC.hascha

16、nged;betterD.changed;betteritamomentago.B.Have;done;finishedD.will;do;finishC.haveknownC.sawD . have they goneD . are; studyingD . has been inD . stillD.beganD . wasD. has beenD . have beenD. haven ' t they to China?()8.ThesefarmershavebeentotheUnitedStates.Really?Whenthere?A.willtheygoB.didthey

17、goC.dotheygo()9.ZhouLangalreadyinthisschoolfortwoyears.A.was;studyingB.will;studyC.has;studied()10.HisfatherthePartysince1998.A.joinedB.hasjoinedC.wasin()11.Doyouknowhimwell?Sure.Wefriendssincetenyearsago.A.wereB.havebeenC.havebecomeD.havemade()12.HehasbeentoShanghai,hashe?A.alreadyB.neverC.ever()13

18、.Hurryup!Theplayfortenminutes.A.hasbegunB.hadbegunC.hasbeenon()14.Ittenyearssinceheleftthearmy.A.IsB.hasC.will()15.MissGreenisn'tintheoffice.Shetothelibrary.A.hasgoneB.wentC.willgo()16.MyparentsShandongfortenyears.A.havebeeninB.havebeentoC.havegoneto()17.Thestudentshavecleanedtheclassroom,?A.sot

19、heyB.don'ttheyC.havethey()18.hasMr.WhitebeenamemberofGreenerChinasinceheA.Howsoon,comesB.Howoften,gotC.Howlong,cameD.Howfar,arrived()19.Hisuncleformorethan9years.A. has come hereB. hasstartedtoworkC. haslivedthereD.haslefttheuniversity三、句型转换。1、Hehasneversurfed,?改成附加疑问句)2、Theyhavebeenheresince200

20、1提问)havetheybeenhere?3、Theoldmanlastyear.Heforayear.(die)(动词填空)4、Thisfactoryopenedtwentyyearsago.H义旬转换)Thisfactoryfortwentyyears.5、MissGreenleftanhourago.同义句转换()MissGreenanhourago.6、HermotherhasbeenaPartymemberforthreeyears(.同义句)HermotherthePartythreeyears.四、汉译英。1、他昨天收到一封信。2、我父亲以前到过长城。3、她去过上海。4、他这些天

21、上哪儿去了？现在完成时练习：一、单项选择。1. Whenhearrivedatthebusstop,thebusfor20minutes.A.hasleftB.hadleftC.hasbeenawayD.hadbeenaway2. ItheLeaguefor5yearssofar.A.joinedB.havejoinedC.havebeenin3. ThefactorysincetheFebruaryof1988.A.hasbeenopenB.hasopenedC.wasopenD.opened4. MaryandRosefriendssincetheymetin2000.A.havemade

22、B.havebeenC.madeD.havebecome5. Themeetingforaweeknow.A.hasfinishedB.hasendedC.hasbeenover6. MissGaothisschoolfornearly5years.A.hasbeeninB.hascometoC.hastaught7. Howlonghe?A.diedB.has,diedC.has,beendead8. Heateightyesterdayafternoon.A.sleptB.wassleepingC.hassleepD.hadslept9. Hethecarforaweek.A.bought

23、B.hasboughtC.hashad10. Howlongyouill?Twoweeks.A.didfallB.have,fellC.have,been11. I'lllendyouthebook,butyoucanonlyitfor2days.A.borrowB.keepC.take12. HowlongcanIthebook?Twoweeks.A.borrowB.lendC.getD.keep二、句型转换。1、Hehasneversurfed,(改成反意疑问句)?2、Thisfactoryopenedtwentyyearsago.(义旬转换)Thisfactoryfortwent

24、yyears.3、HermotherhasbeenaPartymemberforthreeyears(.同义句)HermotherthePartythreeyears.4、TheGreenFamilymovedtoFrancetwoyearsago.M义旬转换)twoyearstheGreenfamilymovedtoFrance.三、用过去时或现在完成时填空：1. “you(have)lunch?”“Yes.”“Whenyou(have)it?“I_”(have)itat12:00.2. “you(write)alettertoyourauntyet?”“Yes,I.I(write)onel

25、astweek.”3. “he(finish)hishomework?”“Notyet.”4. “theyever(be)abroad?”“Yes,justonce.”5. Yourfatherjust(finish)hiswork.6. Yourfather(finish)hisworkjustnow.7. LasttermI(learn)manyEnglishwords.8. They(notread)theinterestingbooksyet.9. Henever(go)tothesciencemuseum.10. youever(drink)coke?11. Haveyou(buy)adictionary?“Yes,I.“Whereyou(buy)it?”“I(buy)itinabookstore.“Whenyou(buy)it?”“Yesterday.”四、用since和for填空19991.twoyears2.twoyearsago3.lastmonth4.5.yesterday6.4oclock7.4hours8.wewerechildren9.shelefthere10. Hehaslivedi