基于HyperMesh的轿车变速箱后盖有限元分析kdh

1、机电工程技术!""#年第$%卷第"&期基于的轿车变速箱后盖有限元分析宫爱红，耿广锐（湖北汽车工业学院，湖北十堰；东风汽车公司，湖北武汉） 收稿日期：进行有限元分析的流程，讨论了前处理中应注意的几个问题，分析了该变速箱后盖的刚度和强度，；文献标识码：文章编号：（）引言汽车变速箱作为汽车传动系统的关键总成，其主要的功能是改变发动机曲轴的转矩及转速，以适应汽车在起步、加速、行驶以及克服各种道路障碍等不同行驶条件下对驱动车轮牵引力及车速的不同要求的需求。变速箱的结构对汽车的动力性、经济性、操纵的可靠性与轻便性、传动的平稳性与效率等都有直接的影响。近年来随着汽车技术

2、的发展，对汽车变速箱承载能力以及工作可靠性的要求越来越高，而在变速箱设计研究工作中变速箱主要零部件的强度、刚度的计算与校核又尤为重要，所以应用有限元技术对变速器相关部件进行强度分析是非常重要和必要的。国内在这方面的研究多采用等软件对变速箱内的齿轮进行分析，而采用对箱体及后盖等壳体类零件的研究还鲜有报道。为美国澳汰尔（）公司的有限元结构分析与优化软件，包括、等个功能模块，其中是针对有限元主流求解器的高性能前后处理软件，它提供了交互化建模功能和广泛的和软件接口。这里以某公司轿车变速箱后盖为研究对象，应用三维建模软件建立其几何模型，利用建立变速箱后盖有限元分析模型，分析了该变速箱后盖的刚度和强度，判

3、定是否由于变速箱后盖刚度不足的原因引起相关零件的损坏，同时也为结构的改进设计提供了理论依据。建模流程有限元建模流程参见图。在利用进行有限元建模时，需要注意以下几点。（）导入几何数模（、等）时，在模型导入前去掉某些不必要的零件，并对一些复杂模型进行简化处理，忽略对整体力学性能影响较小的几何细节，如直径较小的工艺孔、过渡圆角或倒角以及搭接边上较小的凸台等。（）如果导入的模型是较薄的板筋件，则需要利用的（中面抽取）功能对其提取中面。（）从导入的曲面模型或抽取的中面往往存在缺面、有缝隙、重叠、错位等缺陷，则需要在的模块下进行几何清理和修复，补面、消除错位和小孔，压缩相邻曲面之间的边界，消除不必要细节，

4、以提高网格划分的质量。（）有限元网格剖分时，应根据分析的目的并结合模图建模流程制造业信息化机电工程技术!""#年第$%卷第"&期型的特点，选择适当的单元类型，并根据计算机的能力和要求的精度确定合适的单元尺寸。（）单元质量对有限元计算结果有较大影响。在有限元网格划分时，检查并控制单元的质量参数显得尤为重要。对汽车行业里的结构分析来说单元质量可要求如下：四边形单元（单元长宽比）；°单元内角°；（单元翘曲角）°；对三角形来说，°单元内角°。单元尺寸应尽量均匀，要避免特别小的单元。在使用单元时，须分清主次，即同一个

5、节点只能从属于一个主点。（）施加载荷和边界条件是有限元分析最为关键的一环，它对分析结果有着决定性的影响，对结构分析来说，要让自己的约束和载荷尽量与实际情况相符，这样我们得到的分析结果才能有意义，这一步需要我们在平时的工作中不断的摸索和积累经验来实现。变速箱后盖有限元模型的建立（）零件分析结构特征：变速箱后盖为一个较为复杂的盘式空间结构，主要结构特征为用于固定的三个安装孔、与发电机支架的七个连接孔、中心处的一个轴承孔和十四个加强筋以及一些倒角等附属结构。受力情况：在其与发电机支架的七个连接孔中心处施加扭矩，同时在其中两个孔中心处施加的离合器拉丝拉力，另外，还考虑了发电机的自重载荷。材料特性：镁合

6、金，泊松比，弹性模量，密度×。分析方案：分析考虑了将离合器拉丝拉力分别施加在孔中心和拉丝支架上、不加拉丝拉力三种计算方案。运用建立变速箱后盖几何模型如图所示，并以中性文件格式输出。（）三维模型的导入与网格划分利用提供的接口读入上述中性文件，并对其进行几何清理。变速箱后盖是一个较复杂且不规则几何实体，计算精度要求不高，加之硬件条件有限，所以在本次分析中采用线性四面体实体单元来模拟，单元尺寸为。网格划分是建立有限元模型的一个重要环节，它要求考虑的问题较多，需要的工作量较大，所划分的网格形式对计算精度和计算规模将产生直接影响。变速箱后盖有限元网格图如图所示。（）清理模型与定义边界条件在清理

7、模型时，删除几何可以在很大程度上减小文件的大小，释放内存并提高性能。在本次分析中对变速箱后盖三个安装孔中心处施加位移约束，根据实际情况，对其六个自由度全部限制。在与发电机支架的七个连接孔中心处施加的扭矩，同时在其中两个孔中心处施加的离合器拉丝拉力，另外，在用刚体单元模拟的发电机重心处加值为的自重载荷。在中，力和长度的单位分别为和，质量的单位为。变速箱后盖施加边界条件如图所示。模拟结果与分析在中运用其求解器进行求解后，可通过变形图、应力分布图等方式来显示结果。图图变速箱后盖几何模型图变速箱后盖边界条件图变速箱后盖网络制造业信息化机电工程技术!""#年第$%卷第"&a

8、mp;期表三种方案计算结果比较、图和图分别为变速箱后盖在三种计算方案的云图显示结果。由表可以看出，拉丝拉力对变速箱后盖的应力和变形有着较大的影响。三种方案变速箱后盖的最大位移均远小于变速箱后盖与周围零件的装配间隙；应力最大值为，最大位移值为，若考虑倍的冲击载荷，其最大值也在屈服极限内。变速箱后盖的强度满足要求，刚度也满足要求。变速箱后盖相关零件发生损坏的直接原因不是由变速箱后盖的刚度不足引起的。结论这里对变速箱后盖进行有限元分析，得到了变速箱后盖在两种工况下的分析结果，反映了零件的刚度特性，判定是否由于变速箱后盖刚度不足的原因引起相关零件的损坏，同时也为结构的改进设计提供了理论依据。是一个比较

9、优秀的有限元分析软件，进入国内仅有几年的时间，因此需要在进一步的工程应用中不断总结和积累经验。参考文献：陈家瑞汽车构造北京：机械工业出版社，刘惟信汽车设计北京：清华大学出版社，林清安零件设计北京：清华大学出版社，赵诒枢，吴云存工程力学湖北：湖北汽车工业学院，卢耀祖，周中坚机械与汽车结构的有限元分析上海：同济大学出版社，中文基础培训中国官方网：第一作者简介：宫爱红，男，年生，山西昔阳人，硕士，讲师。研究领域：。（编辑：吴智恒）方案拉丝拉力作用在孔中心处拉丝拉力作用在支架上不加拉丝拉力最大应力（）最大位移（）图拉丝拉力作用在变速箱后盖孔中心处的变形图、应力分布图图拉丝拉力作用在拉丝支架上变速箱后盖

10、的变形图、应力分布图图不加拉丝拉力变速箱后盖的位移、应力分布图制造业信息化Abstracts07-09-13Several Key Problems of Aluminum Profile Extrusion Porthole Die Design07-09-15Tool Optimized for Mould Cavity Contour-parallel Rough Machining07-09-18The Research of Large-scale High-temperature Hot Forging Die Process of Quenching07-09-21Researc

11、h of Product Configuration Design System for Networked Manufacturing07-09-24Collaborative Design System Research and Development Based on Major Manufacturing Industry07-09-26The Analysis for Back Cover of Gear-box of the Car Based on HyperMesh07-09-29Structure Analysis and Optimization of Large Vert

12、ical Motors Upper Bracket Axial07-09-31Automatic Control System for Traditional Chinese Medicine Steaming07-09-34Development of New Substation Voltage Reactive-power Compensation Device Based PLC07-09-36The Design of Intelligent Instrument withCAI Liang, LI Ji-bin, WANG Hong-zhi ZHOU Xian, XIAO Yao-

13、xian DONG Geng-ye ,HE Xiao-mei ZHANG Wei, YUAN Qing-ke WU You-de , LI Bai-lin GONG Ai-hong ,GENG Guang-rui CHEN Yuan-Wei HUANG Pei , HUANG Chao , GU Wei CHEN Huai-zhong, LIU Jian, HAN Cheng-jiang 121212112(Collegeof Mechanical Electrical Engineering , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen518060, China(Aero

14、nauticaland MechanicalEngineering Department, Nanchang University of Aeronautics, Nanchang330063,China(1.GuangzhouMeihuayuan Auto Repair Factory, Guangzhou510510, China;2.Feng-Yi Surface Heat Treatment Center,Chenzhou42300,China(1.SichuanEngineering Technical College, Deyang618000, China; 2.Southwes

15、t Jiao Tong University, Chengdu610031, China(1.HubeiAutomotiveIndustries Institute, Shiyan442002, China;2Dongfeng Motor Co.,Wuhan430056, China(Mecheletric of Dazhou V ocational and Technical CollegeDazhou635000China(1.Schoolof MechanicalEngineering, XianUniversity of Science and Technology, Xian7100

16、54,China; 2. Department of Information, Xuzhou Normal School, Xuzhou221004, China(ZhejiangIndustry Polytechnic College, Shaoxing 312000, China(Facultyof Electromechanical Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou510090, ChinaAbstract:Key words:Abstract:Key words:Abstract:Key words:A

17、bstract:Key words:Abstract:Key words:Abstract Key words:Abstract:Key words:Abstract:Key word:Abstract:Key words:This article studies three problems of aluminum profile extrusion porthole die design, i.e. design method of extrusion porthole hole linking up configuration of extrusion porthole hole and

18、 core of die and design method about work area. At the end, it puts forward some practicable advise.aluminum profile; extrusion porthole die; design; key problemsDiscussing the method of generating mould cavity machining tool path and the layout of the tool path, illuminating the problems of tool ch

19、oice at present. The method of tool selection is presented, and the purpose of tool optimized isimplemented, consequently the working efficiency is increased. mould cavity; tool path; optimize; contour-parallelWe use some new toughening theory of recent years as a guide to change the traditional tec

20、hnics, and discuss the method and technology of heat treatment of the hot forging die which is made up of 5CrMnMo, apply the method to practical production, and get good result.hot forging die; high temperature quenching;heat treatment technologyThe structure and application of product configuration

21、 system in networked manufacturing environment is introduced .With the software system structure of Browser/Servermode and distributing computing model, the method of constraints applying and analysis of kinds of artificial intelligenceconfiguration algorithm solving CSP are discussed in the paper.

22、Result comparison and the VRML technology of the system provide the best performance of for rapid, accurate inosculation between the customer needs and product final configuration. product configuration; constraints satisfaction problem (CSP;back-tracking algorithmCollaborative design is a typical a

23、pplication ofComputer Support Collaborative Work (CSCW.It is the design methodology under which all designing teams design their own part individually then interactively for the same purpose until the final output satisfies all the requirements. As for majormanufacturing industries, the utmost purpo

24、se of collaborative design is to fulfill the design with high quality together with independent and collaborative work. Collaborative design is a brand-new design objective, in which it can ensure every-member work collaboratively and effectively with the help of computer, and every-member can share

25、 and manage designmaterials and the output, among which the key issue is to ensure major manufacturing industry; collaborative design; system; research and developmentIntroduces the finite element analysis method of the HyperMesh software,discusses several questions of FEMmodeling, sets up the analy

26、sis model of back cover of gear-box of the car,analyzes strength and stiffness of back cover of gear-box, judges if the back cover stiffness not enough to cause the damage of the relevant part, supplies important modal parameter for the response analysis and foundation in theory to improve design of

27、 the back cover of gear-box.gear-box;finite element analysis;HyperMeshUpper bracket axial is a very important part in motor, which bears huge force in various work conditions. If local stress is too large, upper bracket axial may be destroyed, so it must be designed with enough strength and stiffnes

28、s. The structure analysis and optimization of upper bracket axial is performed based on Pro/Esoftware and Pro/MECHANICA.The max stress and displacement are found out by the analysis. Using structure analysis tool of Pro/MECHANICA,this paper takes parameters of stress concentrative position by develo

29、ping sensitivityanalysis, and finds out the rule of the main stress and distortion vary with the structure parameters change. The result shows that adjusting dimensions of upper bracket axial can control the stress concentrative. In the end, the optimization of upper bracket axial is carried out to get the minimum of the weight.upper bracket axial; finite element; optimization method; model analysis; mechanics analysisAiming at the defect that the traditional method of steaming difficult to contro