the sad young men上课

1、.1Lesson 10 Rod W. Horton & Herbert W .Edwards.2 Teaching objectives nTo learn about the Lost GenerationnTo understand the style of the essay nTo learn the effective use of topic sentences .3Authorsjoint authors: Horton and Edwardstaken from Backgrounds of American Literary Thought (1967).4The s

2、tyle of the essayna piece of expository(说明的说明的) writing explaining a certain period in American literary and social history .5Background InformationThe Sad Young Men & the Lost Generation: The same group of people, the disillusioned intellectuals after World War I (1914-1918) , who rebelled agai

3、nst former ideals and values, but could replace them only by despair or a cynical hedonism(享乐主义享乐主义). the Sad Young Men: created by F. Scott Fitzgerald in his book All the Sad Young Men the Lost Generation迷惘的一代迷惘的一代 : created by Gertrude Stein. .6Background InformationErnest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitz

4、gerald, William Carlos Williams, Thornton Wilder.7Background InformationBeat Generation 垮掉的一代垮掉的一代 after World War II, a group of American writers of the 1950s, profound dissatisfaction with contemporary American society, first used by Kerouac, 1960s, hippies: “beat” lifestyle.8Background Informatio

5、nthe angry young men: a group of English writers in the 1950s, rebellious, critical attitudes towards society.9OverviewnIt explains a certain period in American literary and social history. nIt focuses on the attitudes and revolt of the young people who returned from World War I, disappointed and di

6、sillusioned, went to Europe.nYoung intellectuals, writers and artists: critical, rebellious “Sad Young Men” (“The Lost Generation”)ncreative, productive, not lost, “gave the nation the liveliest, freshest, most stimulating writing in its literary experience.”.10Structural organizationclear and simpl

7、e Para. 1: introducing the subject Paras. 2 9: supporting and developing the thesis Paras. 10 11: conclusion.11 Detailed study of the text (Para. 1)nsensationally romanticized: (This so-called problem) was treated in a passionate, idealized manner to shock thrill and arouse peoples interest.nrevolt:

8、 an act of protest or rejection nnostalgic: looking for something long agonrecollection: recall .12Detailed study of the text (Para. 1)ndeliciously illicit thrill: an improper action but very enjoyable and exciting (A visit to a speakeasy was prohibited because these places sold alcoholic drinks ill

9、egally.) thrill: tremor of excitement nspeakeasy (Americanism): a place where alcoholic drinks are sold illegally，esp. a place in the USduring Prohibition(美国美国禁酒期的禁酒期的)非法酒店非法酒店 .13Detailed study of the text (Para. 1)ndenunciation: a public statement in which you criticize someone or somethingnPurita

10、n morality: extreme strictness in matters of morals. Strict Puritans even regarded drinking, gambling punishable offences (应受惩处的罪行应受惩处的罪行) .14Detailed study of the text (Para. 1) fashionable experimentations in amour: trying out new ways of lovemaking as everyone was doing at that time amour: a love

11、 affair，esp. of an illicit one parked sedan: a car parked .15 Detailed study of the text (Para. 1)nnaughty: a little indecentnjazzy: (a party) playing jazz music nsheik (Americanism) : a masterful man to whom women are supposed to be irresistibly attractednflask-toting: always carrying a small bottl

12、e filled with strong liquor tote: carry .16Detailed study of the text (Para. 1)nmoral and stylistic vagaries: odd and eccentric dress and conduct vagary: an odd, eccentric, or unexpected action nflapper (Americanism) : in the 1920s, a young woman considered to be bold and unconventionalndrugstore co

13、wboy (Americanism): a young man who hangs around drugstores and other public places trying to impress women.17Detailed study of the text (Para. 1)nin perspective: reasonably; correctlye.g. You must learn to see things in perspective. nsensational: arousing strong curiosity, interest, or reactionndeg

14、eneration: moral corruptionnjazzmad: blindly and foolishly fond of jazz music.18Figures of speech (Para. 1)nThe slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged and curious questionings by the young ntransferred epithet .19Para. 1 Main ideaYoung peoples interest in t

15、he Revolt of the Younger Generation of the 1920s.20Detailed study of the text (Para. 2)nlogical outcome: necessary or expected result naftermath: a consequence, esp. of a disaster or misfortunensubconscious: occurring without conscious perception.21Detailed study of the text (Para. 2)nstature: high

16、level of respect nprovincial: narrow nbordering oceans .22Figures of speech (Para. 2)nand that we had reached an international stature that would forever prevent us from retreating behind the artificial walls of a provincial morality nMetaphor (comparing “provincial morality” to “artificial walls”)

17、.23Para. 2 Main ideaThe revolt was a logical outcome of the conditions in the age. .24Detailed study of the text (Para. 3)nVictorian: showing the middle-class respectability, generally of Victorian Englandngentility: the quality of being genteel, elegant nboom: develop rapidlynroar: to make a loud n

18、oise.25Detailed study of the text (Para. 3)ncorporate: individuals acting togethernimpersonality: lack of human character or feelings naggressive: a ruthless desire to dominatencode: principles or rules of conduct.26Detailed study of the text (Para. 3)nwell-bred: well-mannered and refinednbustling:

19、full of energetic and noisy activity nmedium: environmentncatalytic agent: stimulus to speed upnprecipitate: throw suddenly.27Detailed study of the text (Para. 3)ninhibit: put down by force, repressnobsolescent: getting old and becoming unacceptable; being in the process of passing out of use.28Figu

20、res of speech (Para. 3)nthey were expected to battle for success. Metaphor (They had to fight as in a battle in order to become successful.)nThe war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of . Metaphor.29Para. 3 Main ideaThe rejection of Victorian gentility was inevitable. .30Detailed s

21、tudy of the text (Para. 4)nmores: customsntempt: try to get sb. to do sth. wrongnair: an outward appearance; general impressionnsophistication: being artificial, worldly-wise精于世故的精于世故的.31Detailed study of the text (Para. 4)npose: pretensenBohemian: a person, esp. an artist, poet, unconventional in h

22、abits, dress, and sometimes in morals, material poverty because they prefer their artnfaddishness: following fashionnnovelty: newnessnhectic: excited; confused; feverish.32Detailed study of the text (Para. 4)ngaiety: merriment; a gay feelingnperversion: a sexual practice nProhibition: The forbidding

23、 by law of the manufacture, transportation, and sale of alcoholic liquors for beverage purposesnmuch-publicized: reported often in newspapers and magazinesnorgy: any wild, immoderate indulgence放荡放荡.33 Prohibitionspecially in the U.S., the period (1920-1933) of prohibition by Federal Law. .34Detailed

24、 study of the text (Para. 4)ndefiant: boldly resisting authority nmanifesto: a public declaration of principles, policies nGreenwich Village: section of New York City, a center for artists, writers, etc, formerly a village.35Detailed study of the text (Para. 4) Greenwich VillageSeveral generations o

25、f writers and artists have lived and worked here.19th century: Henry James, Edgar Allan Poe, Mark Twain, Walt Whitman, Stephen Craneturn of the 20th century: O. Henry, Edith Wharton, Theodore Dreiserbetween the 1920s and 1930s, John Dos Passos, Norman Rockwell, Sinclair Lewis, John Reed, Eugene ONei

26、ll.36Para. 4 Greenwich Villagelate 1940s and early 1950s: painters Franz Kline ;Beat writers Jack Kerouacthe 1960s: folk musicians and poets, Bob Dylan.37Detailed study of the text (Para. 4)nspree: overindulgence in an activity狂狂欢欢ncrash: a sudden economic failurenthe crash of the world economic str

27、ucture: the Great Economic Depression (started in the U. S. in 1929)nreveler: a celebrant who shares in a noisy party; merrymaker nsober up: cause sb. to become serious，solemn.38Figures of speech (Para. 4), until the crash of the world economic structure at the end of the decade called the party to

28、a halt and forced the revellers to sober up and face the problems of the new age.Metaphor (the escapists wild, riotous living - a party; the escapists- drunken revelers).39Para. 4 Main ideaYoung peoples escapism.40Detailed study of the text (Para. 5)nstalemate: a situation in which no progress can b

29、e made nthe stalemate of 1915-1916: the stalemate on the Western Front in Europe. The battle lines remained stationary for three yearsninsolence: rudeness.41Detailed study of the text (Para. 5)insolence of Germany towards the U. S.: beginning of WWI :U.S. , a neutral nation 1915, a German submarine

30、(U-boat) attacked a British liner, the Lusitania, killing 1,195 people(128 Americans). No sympathy for Germany; demands for war 1917 , U.S. broke off relations with Germany; soon declared war on Germany .42Detailed study of the text (Para. 5)nbelligerent: at war；of warnstrenuous: vigorous, zealousnj

31、ingoism: chauvinism characterized by an aggressive, threatening, warlike foreign policy 侵略主义，沙文主义侵略主义，沙文主义.43Detailed study of the text (Para. 5)Theodore Roosevelt西奥多西奥多罗斯福罗斯福 (1859-1919) 26th President of the U.S. (1901- 09) criticized for his glorification of military strength and his patriotic fe

32、rvor.After the outbreak of World War I, he attacked Wilson s neutrality policy. .44Detailed study of the text (Para. 5)John Dos Passos (1896-1970) American novelist Publications: Three Soldiers Manhattan Transfer U. S. A. District of Columbia .45Detailed study of the text (Para. 5)nturn belly up: fi

33、nish, end (In fishing, a fish that floats belly up is dead.)nthe strife of 1861-65: strife: bitter conflict, the Civil War between the Northern (Federal) States and Southern (Confederate) States, which resulted in victory for the former and the abolition of slavery.46Detailed study of the text (Para

34、. 5)nmagnolia-scented: very sweet magnolia: a kind of flower nsoap opera: radio or television serial drama of a highly sentimental nature .47Detailed study of the text (Para. 5)nfracas: a noisy fight nfracas with Spain in 1898: the Spanish-American War (1898), U. S. navy sailed into the harbor of Ma

35、nila and in a few hours thoroughly defeated the Spanish fleet there.ndissolve: fade; come to an end .48 Detailed study of the text (Para. 5)ncharge: rushnSan Juan Hill: in East Cuba, the scene of a battle in the Spanish-American warnassembly orator: public speaker notherwise: in other respects or wa

36、ysncorps: army unit.49Detailed study of the text (Para. 5)ninfantry: an army unit consisting of soldiers who fight on footnmerchant marine: the vessels that helped to carry supplies and ammunitions.50Detailed study of the text (Para. 5)nNational Guard: United States military reserves 国民自卫队国民自卫队 In p

37、eace time, used by governors to quell local disturbances In wars, absorbed into the active service of the U.S. .51Detailed study of the text (Para. 5)nenlist: enter the armynrecruitment: enlisting people for the army nharassed: troubled, worried nsergeant: noncommissioned officer of the fifth grade中

38、士中士ndraft: choosing individuals for military service 征兵.52Detailed study of the text (Para. 5)ncraze: an interest followed with exaggerated zeal nunabated: adj. maintaining full force with no decrease.53Para. 5 Main ideaEnlistment craze.54Detailed study of the text (Para. 6)nspirit of carnival: fest

39、ive spirit, spirit of merrymaking.55Detailed study of the text (Para. 6)ndissipate: disappear; break upncontingent: a temporary military unit.56Detailed study of the text (Para. 6)nFourth-of-July: U. S. Independence Day, commemorating the adoption of the Declaration of Independence, celebrated with

40、the firing of guns and fireworks, parades, open-air meetings, and patriotic speeches.nbombast: pompous or pretentious talk or writing 浮夸的言语浮夸的言语, 高调高调 .57Detailed study of the text (Para. 6)nFourth-of-July bombast: pompous and patriotic speeches made during the Fourth of July celebrationsnrecession:

41、 declinenoutgrow: grow too large for ones clothesnbewildering: confusingnwhip up: rouse; excite.58Detailed study of the text (Para. 6)nGopher Prairies: backward, undeveloped areas of the prairies prairie: a treeless grassy plain .59Detailed study of the text (Para. 6)ncurb: restrain, control nresume

42、: continue noutmoded: old-fashioned nsodden: expressionless, stupid, or dull, esp. from drink.60Detailed study of the text (Para. 6)nNapoleonic cynicism: As conqueror, Napoleon cynically rearranged the whole map of Europe. The victorious allies(协约协约国国) of World War I did the same at Versailles (the

43、Versailles Palace in Paris: Treaty of Versailles). cynicism: a scornful attitude; a general distrust of the integrity of other people .61Detailed study of the text (Para. 6)nhypocritical: deceptive, just pretending to be good nsmug: self-satisfied.62Detailed study of the text (Para. 6)nprofiteers: s

44、omeone who makes much profitntension-ridden: full of tension.63Detailed study of the text (Para. 6)nresentment: the feeling of anger or bitterness ngenteel: polite, refined .64Figures of speech (Para. 6)nonce the eager young men had received a good taste of twentieth- century warfare. Metaphor (real

45、 or thorough experience of -a good taste)n; they had outgrown town and families Metaphor (their unsuitability- growing too large for ones clothes).65Para. 6 Main ideaReasons for the youths overthrow of the genteel standards of behavior.66Detailed study of the text (Para. 7)ndubious reputation: a rep

46、utation that was questionable dubious: rousing suspicionnBohemianism: the practice of an unconventional lifestyle; mainly musicians, artists, writersneccentricity: strange and unconventional behavior.67Detailed study of the text (Para. 7)nharbor: give a home or shelter to ninflame: arouse or excite

47、feelings nBabbittry: narrow minded materialism低低级趣味级趣味, 市侩作风市侩作风 Babbit: George Babbitt, title character of a satirical novel by Sinclair Lewis, a smugly conventional person interested chiefly in business and social success and indifferent to cultural values.68Detailed study of the text (Para. 7)nge

48、ntility: the quality of being polite, gentle, or gracefulnflout: be scornful; show contempt; mock at.69Figures of speech (Para. 7)Greenwich Village set the pattern. Metonymy转喻转喻 (Greenwich Village- the writers and artists living in Greenwich Village)hopeful young writers, their minds and pens inflam

49、ed against war, Babbittry, Metonymy转喻转喻 (“pens”- their writing; “Babbittry”-qualities displayed by Babbitt).70Para. 7 Main ideaGreenwich Village set the pattern.71Detailed study of the text (Para. 8)ndefy: resist; opposenconflagration: a big, destructive firenfast: living in a reckless, wild way 放纵放

50、纵的的 nset: a group of persons sharing a common interestncountry club: a club with sporting and social facilities, set in a suburban area npulpit: preachers collectively神职人员神职人员.72Detailed study of the text (Para. 7)nobliquely: indirectlynimplied: suggested but not directly expressed nrender: provide;

51、 give nmarble: a small ball of colored glass used as a toy .73Detailed study of the text (Para. 7)Belleau Wood: small forest in France; site of a battle in WWI between Germany and U.S. .74Detailed study of the text (Para. 8)nChateau Thierry: a town in France, a major battlefield during World War I.

52、German occupiers were driven away.nvulgar: common; popular.75Detailed study of the text (Para. 8)flapper: (in the 1920s) A fashionable young woman intent on enjoying herself and flouting conventional standards of behavior .76Detailed study of the text (Para. 8)Model T: one of the early Ford cars.77D

53、etailed study of the text (Para. 8)nDutch Colonial home: spacious houses following the style of Dutch Colonial architecturenFloral Heights: a residential suburb of New York .78Figures of speech (Para. 8 )nand to add their own little matchsticks to the conflagration metaphor( matchsticksmisdeeds) (co

54、nflagration- the revolt of the young) nBefore long the movement had become officially recognized by the pulpit metonymy (pulpit - the church).79Figures of speech (Para. 8 )n, it was Greenwich Village that fanned the flames. metonymy (Greenwich Village- the young intellectuals living in Greenwich Vil

55、lage) metaphor (flames -revolt)nand who had suffered no real disillusionment or sense of loss, now began to imitate the manners of their elders and play with the toys of vulgar rebellion. metaphor (play with the toys-live unconventional lives) .80Para. 8 Main ideaUnconventionality was imitated,recog

56、nized, accepted and became common.81Detailed study of the text (Para. 9)navid: keenly interested nsusceptible: easily influenced; sensitive nstandardization: the imposition(强迫强迫接受接受) of standards or regulations nconventionalized: adapting to conventions .82Detailed study of the text (Para. 9)Rotary:

57、 扶轮会 organization of service clubs (Rotary Clubs), founded in 1905, business and professional people, Rotary clubs throughout the world, more than 32,000 clubs, open to all persons regardless of race, color, creed, gender, or political preference, meeting in rotation at the members places of busines

58、s .83Detailed study of the text (Para. 9)nluncheon: a formal lunchnacute: sharpndiatribe: bitter criticism or denunciation nboobery: self-satisfied conformist市侩 ngrandiose: impressive or magnificent in appearance or style nrallying point: a point on which scattered groups can come together .84Detail

59、ed study of the text (Para. 9)nburden: central idea；theme nadjunct: connected or added to something ncrook: dishonest personnkeep up with the Joneses: try to get all the material things ones neighbors have Joneses: a persons neighbors nshow the way: be an examplenglint: small flash of light .85Detai

60、led study of the text (Para. 9)nremedy: something that corrects an evil, a fault, or an errornfollow suit: follow the example.86Figures of speech (Para. 9)nAn important book was the rallying point of sensitive persons disgusted with America. metaphor (the book-the rallying point)n-,but since the country was