非谓语动词的用法大集合-

1、非谓语动词的用法大集合非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义,我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。1.不定式和动名词作主语的区别(1动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作;而不定式作主语表示具体动作。Smoking is prohibited(禁止here.这里禁止抽烟。(抽象It is not very good for you to smoke so much.你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体 (2动名词作主语时,通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。不定式短语通常用

2、来表示一件未完成的事或目的。Climbing mountains is interesting.爬山很有趣。(经验Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验(3不定式做主语,一般用it当形式主语,把作主语的不定式短语后置。It took me only five minutes to finish the job.2.不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别(1不定式作表语1不定式作表语一般表示具体动作,特别是表示将来的动作。To do two things at a time is to do neither.-次做两件事

3、等于未做。What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。2如果主语是不定式(表示条件,表语也是不定式(表示结果。To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。To work means to earn a living.工作就是为了生活。3如果主语是以aim,duty,hope,idea,happiness,job,plan,problem, purpose,thing,wish等为中心的名词,或以what引导的名词性从句,不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。His wish is to buy a luxuriou

4、s car in the near future.他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。The function of Louis Sullivan's architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior.The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant. (2动名词作表语:动名词作表语,表示抽象的一般性的行为。Our wo

5、rk is serving the people.我们的工作是为人民服务。His hobby is collecting stamps.他的爱好是集邮。(注动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同,但其所属结构迥异,进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语,说明主语的性质或情况。People cannot but feel puzzled,for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake.His victory in the final was no more convincin

6、g than I had expected.(3分词作表语分词做表语有两种情况,一种是现在分词做表语,一种是过去分词做表语,这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说,表示心理状态的动词如excite,interest等都是及物动词,汉语意思不是“激动”,“高兴”,而是“使激动”、“使高兴”,因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”,过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以,凡表示“令人的”都是-ing形式,凡是表示“感到”都用-ed形式。换句话说,若人对感兴趣,就是somebody is interested in.,若人/物本身有兴趣时,就是说sb./sth. is int

7、eresting.这类词常见的有:interesting使人感到高兴-interested感到高兴的exciting令人激动的-excited感到激动的delighting令人高兴的-delighted感到高兴的disappointing令人失望的-disappointed感到失望的encouraging令人鼓舞的-encouraged感到鼓舞的pleasing令人愉快的-pleased感到愉快的puzzling令人费解的-puzzled感到费解的satisfying令人满意的-satisfied感到满意的surprising令人惊异的-surprised感到惊异的worrying令人担心的-

8、worried感到担心的Travelling is interesting but tiring.旅行是有趣的,但是使人疲劳。The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much.如果要学生学得太多,他们会感到糊涂的。The argument is very convincing.他的论点很令人信服。They were very excited at the news.听到这个消息,他们非常激动。3.不定式和动名词作宾语的区别英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式,也可跟动名词作直接宾语,但有些动词要求: (1不定式做宾语和宾语补

9、足语1下面的动词要求不定式做宾语attempt企图enable能够neglect忽视afford负担得起demand要求long渴望arrange安排destine注定mean意欲,打算begin开始expect期望omit忽略,漏appear似乎,显得determine决定manage设法cease停止hate憎恨,厌恶pretend假装ask问dread害怕need需要agree同意desire愿望love爱swear宣誓volunteer志愿wish希望bear承受endeavor努力offer提供beg请求fail不能plan计划bother扰乱;烦恼forget忘记prefer喜欢,

10、宁愿care关心,喜欢happen碰巧prepare准备decide决定learn学习regret抱歉,遗憾choose选择hesitate犹豫profess表明claim要求hope希望promise承诺,允许start开始undertake承接want想要consent同意,赞同intend想要refuse拒绝decide决定learn学习vow起contrive设法,图谋incline有倾向propose提议seek找,寻觅try试图2下面的动词要求不定式做宾补:动词+宾语+动词不定式ask要求,邀请get请,得到prompt促使allow允许forbid禁止prefer喜欢,宁愿ann

11、ounce宣布force强迫press迫使bride 收买inspire鼓舞request请求assist协助hate憎恶pronounce断定,表示advise劝告exhort告诫,勉励pray请求authorize授权,委托help帮助recommend劝告,推荐bear容忍implore恳求remind提醒beg请求induce引诱report报告compel强迫invite吸引,邀请,summon传唤command命令intend想要,企图show 显示drive驱赶mean意欲,打算train训练cause引起instruct指示require要求deserve应受leave使,让t

12、ell告诉direct指导like喜欢tempt劝诱entitle有资格order命令warn告诫enable使能够need需要urge激励,力说encourage鼓励oblige不得不want想要condemn指责,谴责lead引起,使得teach教entreat恳求permit允许wish希望(2有少数动词只能用动名词作宾语acknowledge承认,自认cease 停止mention说到,讲到admit 承认tolerate忍受dislike不喜欢,讨厌advocate:提倡,主张complete完成dread可怕appreciate 感激,欣赏confess坦白endure忍受avoi

13、d避免contemplate细想enjoy享有,喜爱bear忍受defer拖延envy嫉妒can't help不禁delay延迟escape逃跑,逃避can't stand受不了deny否认excuse借口consider 考虑detest嫌恶fancy幻想,爱好favor 造成,偏爱mind 介意repent悔悟figure描绘,计算miss错过resent怨恨finish完成,结束不得pardon原谅,饶恕resist抵抗,阻止forgive原谅permit 允许resume恢复imagine设想postpone延迟,延期risk冒险involve卷入,包含practise

14、 实行,实践suggest建议hate讨厌prevent阻止save营救,储蓄keep保持quit放弃停止stand坚持,忍受loathe非常讨厌,厌恶recall回想例如:I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.我很感激两年前给我出国学习的机会。(3有些动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语的差别1forget to do 忘记要去做某事(此事未做forget doing忘记做过某事(此事已做过或已发生2stop to do 停止、中断(某件事,目的是去做另一件事stop doing

15、 停止正在或经常做的事3remember to do 记住去做某事(未做remember doing记得做过某事(已做4 regret to do对要做的事遗憾regret doing对做过的事遗憾、后悔5try to do努力、企图做某事try doing试验、试一试某种办法6 mean to do打算,有意要mean doing意味着7go on to do 继而(去做另外一件事情go on doing 继续(原先没有做完的事情8propose to do 打算(要做某事proposing doing建议(做某事9 like /love/hate/ prefer +to do 表示具体行为

16、;+doing sth 表示抽象、倾向概念(注如果这些动词前有should一词,其后宾语只跟不定式,不能跟动名词。例如:I should like to see him tomorrow.10 need, want, deserve +动名词表被动意义;+不定式被动态表示“要(修、清理等”意思。Don't you remember seeing the man before?你不记得以前见过那个人吗?You must remember to leave tomorrow.你可要记着是明天动身。I don't regret telling her what I thought.我

17、不后悔给她讲过我的想法。(已讲过I regret to have to do this,but I have no choice.我很遗憾必须这样去做,我实在没办法。(未做但要做You must try to be more careful.你可要多加小心。Let's try doing the work some other way.让我们试一试用另外一种办法来做这工作。I didn't mean to hurt your feeling.我没想要伤害你的感情。This illness will mean (your going to hospital.得了这种病(你就要进医

18、院。4.不定式、现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别(1不定式作定语1不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是主谓关系He was the last one to leave school yesterday.昨天他是最后一个离开教室的。The train to arrive was from London.将要到站的火车是从伦敦开来的。2不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是动宾关系Get him something to eat.给他拿点儿东西吃。She has a lot of work to do in the morning.早上他有很多工作要做。3不及物动词构成的不定式做定语,要加上适当的介词和被修饰的名词形

19、成逻辑上的动宾关系,这里的介词不能省去。I need a pen to write with.我需要一支笔写字。There is nothing to worry about.没有什么值得发愁的。4不定式修饰一些表示方向、原因、时间、机会、权利等抽象名词如:ability能力,本领drive赶,驾驶movement运动,活动ambition抱负,野心effort努力,尝试need需要,需求campaign战役,运动failure失败,不及格opportunity机会chance机会force力,压力,要点promise许诺,希望courage勇气intention意向,意图reason理由,原

20、因decision决定method方法,方式light光,光线,亮光determination决心,决定motive动机,目的struggle奋斗,努力,tendency倾向,趋势wish希望,愿望,祝愿5被修饰的名词前有序数词、形容词最高级或next,second, last, only和not a, the等限定词时候,只能用不定式。6不定代词something, nothing, little, much, a lot 等习惯上用不定式做定语。John will do anything but work on a farm.除了农活,约翰什么都愿意干。7如果其动词要求用不定式做宾语,或者

21、其形容词要器接不定式做补语,则相应的名词一般用不定式做定语。如:tend to do-tendency to do;decide to do = decision to do;be curious to do = curiosity to doHis wish to buy a car came true.他要买辆车的愿望实现了。Their decision to give up the experiment surprised us.他们放弃这个实验的决定使我们大吃一惊。He is always the first to come and the last to leave.他总是第一个到来

22、,最后一个离去。(2分词作定语分词作定语时有下面几个特点:1现在分词表示主动意义,过去分词一般表示被动含意。2现在分词表示正在进行,过去分词表示状态或做完(完成的事。He rushed into the burning house.他冲进了正在燃烧着的房子。The child standing over there is my brother.站在那儿的男孩子是我弟弟。The room facing south is our classroom.朝南的房间是我们的教室。Have you got your watch repaired? 你拿到那个修好的表了吗?He is an advanced

23、 teacher.他是个先进教师。3下列不及物动词也以过去分词形式做定语或表语,但不具有被动意义,这点要注意:departed, elapsed, faded, fallen, gone, frown-up, retired, returned, risen, set, vanished, much-traveled, newly-arrived, recently-come(3不定式和分词作定语时的时间关系一般来说,不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后;现在分词所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生;过去分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。例如:Do you wan

24、t to see the doctor to be sent for from Beijing?你要见那位将从北京请来的医生吗?Do you want to see the doctor working on the case report in the office?你要见那位正在办公室里写病历的医生吗?5.不定式和分词作状语的区别(1现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别。现在分词做状语与过去分词做状语的最主要区别在于两者与所修饰的主语的主动与被动关系的区别。1现在分词作状语时,现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作,它们之间的关系是主动关系。He went out shutting the door

25、behind him.他出去后将门随手关上。Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.由于不知如何办是好,他去找父母帮忙。2过去分词作状语时,过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作,它们之间的关系是被动关系。Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.如果对这些树多关心一些,它们本来会长得更好。Faced with difficulties, we must try to overcome them.在遇到困难的时候,我们必须设法克服。(2动词不定式和分词作

26、状语的区别1分词作状语一般表示伴随,而不定式常常表示目的。They stood by the roadside talking about the plan.他们站在路边谈论着这个计划。(伴随They stood by the roadside to talk about the plan.他们站在路边为的是谈论这个计划。(目的2分词作状语放在句子开头,除表示原因之外有时表示时间或条件。动词不定式作状语时,除了表示目的以外,还表示结果或原因。Reading attentively,he forgot the time for lunch.由于在专心读书,他忘了吃午饭的时间。(原因Reading

27、 carefully,he found something he had not known before.他仔细读书时,发现了一些从前不知道的东西。(时间Reading carefully,you'll learn something new.只要你仔细阅读,你会学到一些新的东西。(条件His family was too poor to support him.他的家庭太穷,不能维持他的生活。(结果 The boy is not tall enough to reach the book shelf.这男孩个子不够高,手伸不到书架。(结果We are glad to hear th

28、e news.我们很高兴听到这消息。(原因(3下面一些句型是不定式做状语时候应该注意的:a:not/never tooto, toonot to , but/only too to, too ready/eager/apt/inclined to 表示肯定意义b:做结果状语的不定式只能出现在句子的末尾,常见的不定式动词有:find, hear,see, be told, form, give, make, produce 等。c:不定式做状语时,其逻辑主语一般为句子的主语,否则用for引导主语。6.非谓语动词常考的其它结构(1疑问词+不定式结构疑问词who,what,which,when,wh

29、ere和how后加不定式可构成一种特殊的不定式短语。它在句中可以用作主语、宾语、表语和双重宾语。如:When to start has not been decided.何时动身尚未决定。(主语I don't know what to do.我不知道该怎么办。(宾语The difficulty was how to cross the river.困难在于如何过河。(表语I can tell you where to get this book.我可以告诉你哪里可以买到此书。(双重宾语注A.有时疑问词前可用介词,如:I have no idea of how to do it.我不知道

30、如何做此事。B.动词know 后面不能直接跟不定式作宾语,只能跟疑问词(如:how, what+不定式:While still a young boy, Tom knew how to play the piano well and as he grew older, he wrote operas, the most famous of which is Carmen.(2介词except和but作“只有,只能”讲时跟不定式结构(but与不带to的不定式连用。When the streets are full of melting snow, you cannot help but gett

31、ing your shoes wet.(3不带to的不定式1在表示生理感觉的动词后的不定式不带to。这类词有:feel 觉得observe 注意到,看到overhear听到watch注视listen to听perceive察觉,感知notice注意see看见look at看hear听On seeing the young child fell into the lake,Eric sprang to his feet,and went on the rescue.2另一类是某些使役动词,如make, let,have等。如:Let him do it.让他做吧。I would have you

32、 know that I am ill.我想要你知道我病了。(注:上述感觉动词与使役动词转换为被动结构时.其后的不定式一般需带to,如:He was seen to come.The boy was made to go to bed early.在动词find与help之后,不定式可带to亦可不带to,如:He was surprised to find the sheep (to break fence at this season.他发现羊在此季节越出栅栏,感到惊讶。3在do nothing/anything/everything but(except结构中。例如:Last night

33、I did nothing but watch TV.昨天晚上,我除了看电视别的什么也没有干。但是,如果谓语动词不是“do nothing,anything,everything”,那么but(except所跟的不定式则仍须带。The doctor told him nothing but to stop smoking.医生除了让他戒烟,其它什么都没有说。There was nothing for them to do but to remain silent.除了保持沉默以外,他们没有别有别的办法。(4不定式与动名词的逻辑主语和分词独立结构1不定式的逻辑主语为:for +名词(或代词宾格+

34、 不定式。例如:I found it impossible for him to do the job alone.我发现他个人干这活是不可能的。(注在表示人物性格、特性等的形容词后面,常用of引出不定式的逻辑主语。例如:It was wise of him to do that.他那样做是明智的。2动名词的逻辑主语为;人称代词的所有格+动名词;名词's+动名词。例如: Tom insisted on my going with them.他坚持要我和他们一起去。He dislikes his wife's working late.他不喜欢他妻子工作得很晚。3某些形容词,如:

35、careless等不定式后可以加of来引导出其逻辑主语。这类词主要有:absurd, bold, brave, courageous, careful, careless, clever, wise, foolish, silly, stupid, good, nice, kind thoughtful, considerate, greedy, generous, honest, modest, polite, rude, cruel ,selfish, wicked, wrong等It is very kind of you to help me.你帮助我太好了。间或也可用for + th

36、ere to be表示(而且there后面的不定式只能是to be。It's a great pity for there to be much trouble in the company.太遗憾了公司里有这么多的麻烦。7.非谓语动词中的有关句型(1动名词作主语的句型1Doing.+ v. Reading is an art.阅读是门艺术。Seeing is believing.眼见为实。2 It is + no use, no good (fun, a great pleasure, a waste of time, a bore.等名词+doing sth.It is no us

37、e crying.哭没有用。It is no good objecting.反对也没有用。It is a great fun playing football.打篮球很有趣。It is a waste of time trying to explain.设法解释是浪费时间。3It is + useless (nice, good,interesting, expensive等形容词+ doing sth.It is useless speaking.光说没用。It is nice seeing you again.真高兴又遇到了你。It is good Playing chess after

38、supper.晚饭后弈棋挺好。It is expensive running this car.开这种小车是浪费。非谓语动词在英语中,动词不定式、动名词和分词(包括现在分词和过去分词可以出现在句子中除谓语以外的任何一个位置上,充当句子的主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语等成分,这些动词形式称为非谓语动词。非谓语动词主要的句法功能一览表:非谓语动词功能主语宾语表语定语状语补语不定式 动名词 分词 . 作主语-doing/ to do:没有多大区别。动词原形不能在句中作主语To see is to believe 百闻不如一见。=Seeing is believing. doing抽象笼统的一般行

39、为to do具体的特别是将来的动作Smoking is bad for health. 吸烟对人身体有害。(笼统地谈吸烟问题To finish the job in two days is impossible. 要在两天之内完成这项工作是不可能的。(具体地谈这项工作 it用形式主语于句首常用不定式置于句尾* It is /was + adj./ n. /-ed +to do* It is no use/good/a waste of time + doing sth.It is impossible to finish the job in two days.It is no good/ u

40、se having a car if you cant drive.如果你不会开车,有车也没用。It is a waste of time watching TV. 看电视是浪费时间。There is no句型中,常用doing作主语。There is no saying what will happen. 无法估计将会发生什么事。There is no use making an excuse for this.为这事编造借口没用。. 作宾语-doing/ to do:有些及物动词后面只能接doing作宾语,不能接不定式,常见的有:void 避免/ miss错过/ postpone 推迟/

41、suggest 建议/ finish 完成/ practise练习/ enjoy 喜欢/ imagine 想象/ cant help禁不住/ admit 承认/ deny 否认/ envy 嫉妒/escape 逃脱/ risk 冒险/ forgive 原谅/ stand 忍受/ keep保持/ mind 介意/ appreciate 感激,赞赏/ consider 认为/ delay 耽误/ detest 讨厌/ miss 想念/ resist 抵抗/ understand 理解/ feel like想要Im sorry I missed seeing you while in Shangha

42、i.很遗憾,我在上海时没看到你。He suggested discussing the problem at the class meeting. 他建议在班会上讨论这个问题。Would you mind closing the window? 你介意把窗户关上吗?Will you admit having broken the window?你承不承认打破了窗户了?He avoided giving us a definite answer.他避免给我们一个肯定的回答。I was afraid to let the boy risk climbing the tree.我不敢让这个男孩冒险爬

43、那棵树。I couldnt help crying when I heard the news.听到这个消息我不禁哭起来。有些动词后面只能跟to do作宾语,不能接动名词,如:wish, hope, expect, offer, manage, decide, refuse, agree, pretend, promise, seem, failI dont wish to be disturbed in my work.我不愿在工作中被打搅。We managed to get there in time.我们设法及时到了那里。He pretended to be reading a book

44、.他假装在读书。They promised to get up early.他们答应早起床。He refused to do that job.他拒绝做那工作。有些动词后面既可以接动名词,也可以接不定式作宾语,其意义基本一样,如: begin, start, continue, like, love, dislike, hate, prefer, cant stand, 但like, love 和would 或should 连用时,接不定式作宾语。例句解析1. It began to rain. It began raining.2. It was beginning to snow.3. I

45、 love lying (to lieon my back.4. I like listening to music, but today I dont like to.5. I don t p refer to swim in the river now.1. 意思无差别,但谓语动词用进行时,后面只跟不定式。2. 表示一种倾向多接动名词作宾语,如果表示某一特定的或具体的行动,多接不定式。有些动词后面既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语,但意义不同。如:mean to do sth. 打算干某事mean doing 意味着I didnt mean to hurt you.我没打算伤害你。Missin

46、g the bus means waiting for an hour.误了车就意味着等一个小时。stop to do sth.停下来去做某事stop doing sth. 停止做某事I was lost and had to stop to ask the way.我迷路了只好停下来问路。They stopped talking.他们停止了谈话。go on to do sth. (做完一件事之后接着做(另一件事go on doing sth.继续做某事After learning history, we went on to learn geography.学完历史之后,我们接着学地理。Yo

47、u shouldnt go on living this way.你不应当继续过这样的生活了。try to do sth. 试图做某事try doing sth.试试做某事(往往表示某种方法或方式 Lets try knocking at the back door.咱们敲敲后边的门试试。We tried to solve the problem.我们努力想解决这个问题。forget, regret, remember后接to do表示尚未发生的动作,接doing表示已经发生动作。I forgot to write him a letter.我忘了给他写信。(以前没写信I forgot wri

48、ting him a letter.我忘了以前曾写信给他。(曾写过信I remember seeing you before. 我记得以前见过你。(曾见过Please remember to write to me.请记住要给我写信。(目前还没写I regretted speaking to them about it.我后悔跟他们讲过那件事。(以前讲过I regret to tell you that you didnt pass the exam.我遗憾地告诉你,你考试没及格。(以前没告诉过你be used to do sth. 被用来做be used to doing sth. 习惯于做

49、We are used to going to bed early.我们习惯于早睡。Wood can be used to make paper.木材可以用来造纸。cant hel p(todo sth. 不能帮助做某事cant help doing sth. 不禁We cant help to solve the problem.我们不能帮助解决这个问题。On hearing the news, we couldnt help laughing. 一听到这个消息,我们忍不住大笑起来。allow, permit, advise, forbid, consider + doing /+ sb t

50、o doWe dont allow smoking here.我们这里不允许吸烟。We dont allow them to smoke.我们不允许他们吸烟。He advised having a rest.他建议休息。He advised me to have a rest.他建议我休息。I considered going to Canada.我考虑去加拿大。I consider him to be honest.我认为他诚实。need, require, want + to be done/ doing “需要(被作某种处置”The bridge needs/ requires/ wan

51、ts repairing.=The bridge needs/ requires/ wants to be repaired. 这个桥梁需要修一修了。介词(除but以外后面的动词宾语一律用doing形式。They are interested in singing.他们爱好唱歌。(动名词singing作介词in的宾语* but 与no, not any, all 等词连用时为介词,但其后面的动词用to do,如果but前面有实义动词do 的任何形式,则but 后面用动词原形doHe did nothing but cry.他什么也没做,只是哭。(but 前面有实义动词did, 所以but后面要

52、接动词原形I had no choice but to cry.我别无办法,只好哭。(but前面没有实义动词do,所以but后面要跟不定式形式“wh- + to do,这一结构可转换成该疑问词引导的从句。It hasnt been decided where to go. 还没决定到哪里去。(主语I found out where to buy fruit cheaper.我找到了廉价买水果的地方。(宾语The question is what to write about.问题是应写什么。(表语. 作表语-doing/ to do/ done: doing比较抽象笼统的一般行为to do具体

53、某次动作,特别是将来动作有时两者都可以用,在意思上没多大区别。My job is typing letters and papers.我的工作就是打信件和文件。(打信件和文件是我日常的工作The next step is to discuss the suggestion raised by him.下一步将是讨论他提出的问题。主表一致当主语是doing形式时,表语一般也用doing,如主语是to do,表语一般也用to do Saving is having. =To save is to have. 节约即是收入。(不能说Saving is to have.或To save is havi

54、ng.Teaching is learning.=To teach is to learn. 教书是学习。(不能说Teaching is to learn.或To teach is learning. doing作表语多表示主语所具有的特征,有时可译为“令人的”;done作表语多表示主语所处的状态,有时可译为“感到的”。interesting 令人有兴趣的,有趣的interested 感兴趣的tiring 令人疲劳的tired 感到疲倦的moving 令人感动的moved 受到感动的exciting 令人激动的excited 感到激动的puzzling 令人迷惑的puzzled 感到迷惑的di

55、sappointing 令人失望的disappointed 感到失望的She felt a bit disappointed. 她感到有点失望。The result is disappointing. 结果令人失望。The news is exciting. 消息令人兴奋。I was excited at the news. 听到这个消息我很兴奋。过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别:(be + p.p被动语态表示一个动作,过去分词作表语表示主语的特点或所处的状态。如:The window is broken.窗户打破了。(分词作表语,表示现在窗户处于破碎的状态The window was brok

56、en by the boy.窗户是被那个小男孩打破的。(被动语态,表窗户是被谁打破的,表动作The book is well written.这本书写得不错。(分词作表语,表状态The book was written by her.这本书是她写的。(被动语态,表动作The tree is fallen.树倒了。(分词作表语,表状态. 作定语-to do/ doing/ done: to do 做后置定语,与中心词构成逻辑上的动宾关系,表示将要发生的动作或状态I have something important to tell you. (something important 是tell y

57、ou的逻辑宾语 我有重要的事情要告诉你。I want to get something to read during the winter vacation. (something 是read的逻辑宾语我想找点书在寒假读。* 若to do是不及物动词介词不可省略We are looking for a paper to write on.我们正在找写字用的纸。Im not sure which restaurant to eat at.我对在哪家餐馆吃饭没有把握。It would be a comfortable room to live in.这房间住起来会很舒适。* 常用to do作定语的情况1名词前有序