时态知识讲解--过去时-现在完成时和过去完成时的不同及用法

1、时态知识讲解 : 过去时、现在完成时和过去完成时的不同及用法现在完成时棗表示到目前为止已经完成，并对现在留下某种后果和影响的动作。结构：助动词have/has +动词的过去分词用法：1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与一些时间状语，如:already, yet, ever, never,just, before, once,twice等连用 也可以和包括现在在内的时间状语，如these days,today,this year,so fa等连用.eg.I have already posted the letter. （信已经不在我这儿了）2.表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,

2、一直持续到现在,也许还将继续下去,可以和表示从过去某一时刻延 续到现在的一段时间的状语连用，即for +时间段,since+时间点/从句，in the last ten years等，谓语只可用延续性 动词.解析：1.英语动词根据词义可分为两种,一种是延续性的,一种是终止性的,终止性动词（也可称为非延续性动词，瞬间动词，或点动词）,如begin,start,die,buy,leave, come等，表示动作的发生与结束于一瞬间完成，不能再延续，所以它的现在完成时不能和表示延续的时间状语连用，即不能与表示一段时间的状语，for+时间段，since+时间点/从句连用，也不能用在how long引导

3、的特殊疑问句中.eg. Ive left Shanghai for three days.（ ）xrve been away from Shanghai for three days.（ V ）.I left Shanghai three days ago. （ V ）It is /has been three days since I left Shanghai.（ V ）2.初中英语课本中常见终止性动词有:leave, go, come, arrive, begin, buy, borrow, die, join, become等.终止性动词要表示持续时,可用以下方法:.将时间状语改为时间

4、段+ ago,句中谓语动词用一般过去时.eg.我弟弟参军两年了. My brother joined the army two years ago.若保留for+时间段，since+时间点/从句，或用在how long句型中，则需将终止性动词改为相应的状态动 词或延续性动词常见终止性动词与延续性动词（或状态动词）的对应关系如下:come/go/arrive/get/reach/move-be in/at open-be opendie-be dead close-be closed become-beborrow-keep begin/start-be on put on-wearleave-

5、be away （from） buy-have fall asleep-be asleepend/finish-be over catch a cold-have a coldjoin the army-be in the army be a soldierjoin the Party-be in the Party be a Party memberTMy brother has bee n in the army for two years.TMy brother has bee n a soldier for two years.3.现在完成时中been to,gone to和been

6、in/at been to去过某地，表示某人的一种经历，可以和once,twice,already,ever,never等连用.eg. She has been to Shanghai twice. （表示目前人在这里）gone to去某地了,说话时某人已离开此地,在去某地的途中或已在某地,eg. She has gone to Sha ngha。（表示现在她人不在这里）been in/at逗留在某地（已经一段时间）.常和for ten days,sinee I came here等连用.eg. She has been in Shanghai since she moved there.4.

7、现在完成时和一般过去时的区别 现在完成时所表明的是过去发生的动作对现在的影响,强调的是现在的情况,不可以和表示过去的时间状语yesterday,in 1991,three days ago last time,last night等连用.一般过去时表明的是过去发生的事实,和现在不发生关系.5.现在完成时中的for与sincefor +时间段 与延续性动词的现在完成时连用since +时间点/从句I have kept the library book for a week.= I have kept the library book since a week ago.6. It is /has

8、 been +一段时间+ since从句.自从某事发生已有一段时间了.eg. It is /has been two years since my brother joined the army.过去完成时棗表示过去某一时间或动作之前已完成的动作 结构： 助动词had +动词的过去分词用法：1.表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作,动作发生的时间为“过去的过去“.表示过去某一时间可用by,before等构成的短语,也可用when,before等引导的从句或通过上下文表示. eg. By the end of lastterm,we had learned a thousand E

9、nglish words.He had finished his homework before his father came back last night. 2.表示过去某个时间之前发生的动作或状态,一直延续到这一过去时刻,或还将继续下去.eg. When I got to know him, he had worked there for twenty years.(注意)否定式had not = hadnt时态的呼应1.主句中谓语动词如果是现在时或将来时,从句中的谓语动词可以用任何所需要的时态,He wants to speak to the headmaster.He said t

10、hat he wont be free tomorrow.he came last night.2.主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时态,从句中的谓语动词一般情况下要用过去时态的某种形式.He said that he was working hard on his Chinese.he had a very good journey home.he hadnt bought the present yet.he would stop in Moscow on the way.3.如果从句所述内容是客观真理,则谓语动词总是用一般现在时,而不受主句中谓语动词时态的影响.eg. Miss Gao tol

11、d us that light travels much faster than sound.4.时间或条件状语从句中,若主句是一般将来时或祈使句,从句要用一般现在时代替将来时.eg.Stop talking when the headteacher_(walk)into the classroom.Jim wont watch TV until he _ (finish) his homework every time.巩固练习用括号中动词的适当的形式填空。1The boy is happy because he (sell) out all the newspapers.2The plan

12、_(give) up because of the heavy rain.3If it_(not rain) tomorrow, we_(go )fishing.4Where_you_(be) these days?5Where is Tom? He_(go) to the post office. He said he_(come) back soon.6Mike says he_(want )to be a worker after he_(finish )school.7The last bus_just_(leave) when they_(get) to the bus stop.8

13、She_(not go) to bed until she_(finish) her work.9Light_(travel )much faster than sound.10I_(feel) much better after I_(take) the medicine.11”Where_we_(meet)?”“Lets meet outside the park gate.”12I_(be) afraid Mr Johnson_(not visit) out school tomorrow.13I_(lost) my bike ._you_(see) it anywhere?14_thi

14、s kind of car_(produce) in Shanghai?15We_(see) several members of the family since we_(arrive)16I found that the students_(play) football on the playground.17The shop_(close) at this time of day.18Where_your watch_(lose)?19_the doctor_(send) for last night?20Three children_(invite) to the party by M

15、iss Li yesterday.21Some children_(take ) good care by the nurse.22Some new houses_(build) by the villagers themselves.23What language_(speak) in Australia?24The colour TV_(buy) in that shop three days ago.25He said he_(stay) here for another two days.26The doctor said Jim must_(operate ) on at once.

16、27“_the bridge_(repair) yet?”“Yes, the workers_already_(repair) it.”28We are in Grade One this year, so we_(teach ) physics next year.29“Where_(be) you last night?”“I_(ask) to help Tom at home”30The big tree_(blow)down in the storm last night.31I_never_(eat) such delicious noodles before.32When we r

17、eached the town, it_(get) dark.33We_(have) lunch when suddenly someone knocked at the door.34Lucy said she_(visit) the school the next month.35I_(wait) until he comes back.36You_(watch) TV after supper, arent you?37They_(be) to that small village several times.38.If it_(snow) tomorrow , we wont go t

18、o the cinema.39.I_(study) it since I was ten years old.40Could you tell me if you_(read) the story book before?41He said the lights in the room_(go) out when he opened the door.42I_(be) fifteen soon.43Tom, your aunt_(come) this afternoon .44My teacher often_(tell) us not to play on the street.45They

19、_(plant) trees on the hill. Do you see?46The teacher said that the earth_(move) round the sun.47She said she_(put) on a new coat the next day.48The Great Wall_(know) all over the world.49Could you tell me where Alice_(live)?50_the film_(show) many times since last Sunday.51_the street lights usually

20、_(turn) on at seven in summer evening?52I_(not go) to the cinema because I_(see) the film before.53It_(get) dark. What about_(go) home at once?54You_(be) late if you_(not hurry).55Use your head and you_(find) a better way.56Look！Someone_(lie) on the floor.57It_(rain) harder now. It_(rain) quite ofte

21、n in summer.58Here_(come) the bus.59I dont know when the manager_(return), but when be_(come) back I_(let)you know.60“Where_(be) you this time yesterday?”“I_(be) at home. I_(go) over my lessonsthen.”参考答案：1has sold 2will be given up/ has been given up 3doesnt rain, will go 4have, been5has gone, would come 6wants, finishes 7had, left, got 8wont go, finishestravels10felt, had taken11shall/will, meet12am, wo