非谓语动词Ved二

1、非谓语动词Ved二Revised as of 23 November 2020非谓语动词（二）一过去分词一、概述：英语中动词如果不作谓语时叫非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为：不定式（Sdo）、动词inz形式 （doing）和过去分词（done）。动词-ing形式可分为现在分词和动名词:现在分词强调动作，如a sleeping boy中的sleeping强 调“睡觉”这_动作，而且此动作正在进行，与所修饰词boy有逻辑上的主谓关系（即sleeping的动 作是boy做的），过去分词多表示动作的被动和完成,但要注意不及物动词的过去分词常表示“完成”的动作，而 不表示“被动”意义。二、过去分词的构成1.

2、规则动词1） 一般在动词原形后加ed： de*elop > developedcollect t collected2）以弋 结尾的动词加-d:move > moved phone > phoned excite > excited3）以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i,再加-ed。study > studied cany t earned many > manied4）以元音字母加y结尾的动词，直接加-ed ： play > playedenjoy enjoyed5）末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词，双写该辅音字母，再加-edstop >

3、stoppedplan > planned2. 不规则动词需要单独记忆不规则动词过去式、过去分词表。如：blow> blownfly> flown forbids forbidden三、非谓语动词之过去分词作定语1、定语：修饰名词的句子成分。即中文的“的”。定语可分为前置定语和,形容词放在名词之前，构成前置定语；相当于形容词的短语或从句放在名词的后面，构成后置定语。a beautiful girlour teacher2. 过去分词作定语（被过去分词所修饰的名词，就是该分词的逻辑主语。）A类：被动意义：boiled water开水oppicssed people被压迫的人民B

4、类：完成意义：a retired teacher 一位退休的教师They are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard.他们正在打扫院子里的落叶。1) 前位修饰：单独一个过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之询。The play put on by the teachers was a big success.老师们表演的戏很成功。2) .后位修饰：分词短语放在被修饰的名词之后。We are going to talk about the problem discussed at the last meeting.This is a letter writ

5、ten in blue ink.3. 过去分词作定语时的意义：1) She had a worried look on her face.她脸上有扌日心的表情。2) The frightened horse ran away from the fire.恐惧的马逃离了 大火。3) She had confused feelings about him.她对他的感觉有点迷惑。4) He wore an embarrassed expression.他一副尴尬的表情。4. 过去分词作定语时与定语从句的关系：1).及物动词的过去分词可改为动词为被动形式的定语从句。lost time > tim

6、e which is losta well-known writei't a writer who is well known5. 现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别:1) 语态上的不同：注意被修饰词与分词动作的关系：现在分词表示主动，即现在分词动作是被修饰词做的。过去分词表示被动，即被修饰词是过去分词动作的承受者。如：a simply-furnished room装修简单的房间(房间被装修)a fast developing country快速发展的国家(国家发展-主动)2) 时间关系上的不同现在分词表示正在进行的动作，而过去分词多表示已经完成的动作。the changing world

7、正在发生变化的世界the changed world已经变化了的世界四、非谓语动词之过去分词作表语1. 过去分词放在系动词be, get, feel, remain, seem, become等后作表语，表示主语所处的状态。He became annoyed with the students.他非常生学生的气。Are you married or single你是已婚还是单身He seems well qualified for the job.他好像非常胜任这个工作。2. 与感觉有关的动词的现在分词和过去分词的区别：这些与感觉有关的及物动词的意思都是“使（某人）.”，其现在分词表示主动意义

8、，即赞令人 有某种感觉的”；过去分词表示被动意义，即“人被引起某种感觉的”，指人“内在的感觉”。如： interesting意思为“令人感兴趣的，有趣的”，表示事物的性质；interested表示“感兴趣的”，表示人内心的感觉。区别：His novels are interesting, （interesting现在分词，有主动意义，指主语的性质Everyone will be interested in his novels, （interested 过去分词，有被动意义，指人的感觉） 再如：1. The result of the test was rather. （disappoint）

9、2. He was veryat the result of the test. （disappoint）3. His look was and the children felt. （frighten）对比并记忆下列词语：动词（使某人）现在分词（令人）过去分词（感到）move使感动moving令人感动的moved受感动的amuse使发笑amusing有趣的，逗人发笑的amused被逗笑的astonish使吃惊astonishing令人吃惊的astonished感到吃惊的excite使激动exciting激动人心的excited感到激动的bore使烦恼boring无趣的，单调乏味的bored感

10、到无聊的amaze使大为吃惊amazing令人惊异的amazed感到惊奇的五、非谓语动词之过去分词作宾语补足语动词的过去分词作宾语补足语时表明宾语是该动词的作用对象，动词与宾语之间有逻辑上的动宾 关系。可以带过去分词作宾补的动词有感官动词see, hear, feel, notice, find, watch, observe, smell, look at, listen to 等，使役动词 have, get, make 等，以及其他类动词，如 keep, leave, like, want, wish 等。结构：动词+宾语（名词或代词）+宾补（过去分词）I often hear the

11、song sung in English.She found the door closedI must get my bike repaired.宾语与过去分词在逻辑上常存在被动关系【提示】1. have/get结构的用法： 表示主语的意图，让别人为自己做某事，但别人是谁，往往不加说明。I'll have/get my watch repaired. have还可表示主语遭遇、遭受某一不愉快、不测的事惜。He had his leg broken while playing football.2. make+宾语+过去分词”，在这种结构中，过去分词的动词必须是表示结果含义的。如：3.

12、 They managed to make themselves understood in very simple English.4. I raised my voice to make myself heard.六、非谓语动词之过去分词作状语1) 过去分词作状语。该分词短语相当于一个状语从句；十我们把该分诃如讥转变为个状讥从 句时，该从句应该具备两个特征：(1) 从句中的主语和主句中的主语必须一致。(2) 从句谓语动词为被动语态形式。Given another hour, I could also work out this problem( = If I was given anoth

13、er hour, I could also work out this problem.)2) 过去分词可用来作时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随状语：过去分词短语作状语可以表示：1、相当于一个原因状语从句Because they were Inspired by her example, the League members worked even harder.The children soon fell asleep, because they were exhausted by the journey.=2、相当于_个时间状语从句When it ia seen from the hil

14、l, the park looks very beautiful.Onceit is published, this dictionary will be very popular!=3、假设的情况，相当于_个条件状语从句If we are United, we stand; if we are divided, we fall.If we were given more time, we could do it much better.=4、相当于_个让步状语从句Though they were beaten by the opposite team, the players were no

15、t discouraged and practiced even harder.5、伴随情况（这种用法没有与之相当的状语从句可以代替）He came back, completely tired.The woman scientist entered the lab, followed by her assistants.注意：正如前所述：过去分词短语作状语时，它的逻辑主语一般必须与句子的主语一致I。【提示】状语从句改成过去分词作状语时，有时还可保留从属连词，构成从属“连词+过去分词”结构 作状语。When given a medical examination, you should kee

16、p calm.部分过去分词相当于形容词，作状语时不表示“被动关系”，而表示主语所处的状态。这样的过去 分词及短语常见的有:lost in（陷入某种状态）,seated（坐着的）,lost/absorbed（沉溺于）,born in（岀身 于），dressed in （穿着），tired of（厌烦了）等。1、系表示主语所处的状态in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. （lose） in white, she looks more beautiful.（ dress） be lost in be caught in the rain be dressed in be seated in be interested in be prepared