状语从句讲解（课堂PPT）

1、1状语从句讲解2在复合句中由在复合句中由从句表示的状语从句表示的状语称作状语从句，它称作状语从句，它可以用来修饰谓语（包括非谓语动词）、定语或可以用来修饰谓语（包括非谓语动词）、定语或状语，或是整个句子。状语，或是整个句子。 u 准确掌握每一个准确掌握每一个连词连词的含义是掌握状语的含义是掌握状语从句的关键。从句的关键。u 同时要注意主从句的同时要注意主从句的时态呼应时态呼应。3状语从句状语从句 状语从句状语从句 状语从句状语从句 状语从句状语从句 状语从句状语从句 状语从句状语从句 状语从句状语从句 状语从句状语从句 状语从句状语从句4状语从句类型状语从句类型从属连词从属连词时间状语从句时间

2、状语从句when，whenever，while，as，before，after，since，now that，until，once，the moment，immediately，no soonerthan，the second，instantly， hardly地点状语从句地点状语从句Where, wherever, everywhere, anywhere原因状语从句原因状语从句because, as, since, seeing (that), now (that)结果状语从句结果状语从句so that, sothat, suchthat条件状语从句条件状语从句if，unless，as l

3、ong as, suppose，supposing，in case，so far as，provided目的状语从句目的状语从句so，so that，in order that，for fear that，lest让步状语从句让步状语从句although, though, however (=no matter how), even if, whetheror方式状语从句方式状语从句as，as if，as though比较状语从句比较状语从句asas，not as as，than5掌握：掌握：1. when / while / as2. before / after 3. till / unt

4、il4. since 5. as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the instant, the minute, 6三者可表示三者可表示“当当时候时候”，区别如下：，区别如下：(1) 若若主句主句表示的是一个表示的是一个短暂性动作短暂性动作，从句从句表示的是一个表示的是一个持续性动作持续性动作，三者都可用：，三者都可用：He fell asleep when while, as he was reading. (2) 若若主、从句主、从句表示表示两个同时进行的持续性动作两个同时进行的持续性动作，且强调，且强调主句表

5、示的动作延续到从句所指的整个时间，通常要用主句表示的动作延续到从句所指的整个时间，通常要用 while：Dont talk while youre eating. I kept silent while he was writing. 7(3) 若主从句表示的两个同时进行的动作含有若主从句表示的两个同时进行的动作含有“一边一边一一边边”之意思，通常用之意思，通常用 as：She sang as she went along. (4) 若若从句从句是一个是一个短暂短暂性动作，性动作，主句主句是一个是一个持续性持续性动作，动作，可用可用 as / when 但不用但不用 while：It was

6、raining hard when as we arrived. (5) 若主从句表示的是若主从句表示的是两个同时两个同时(或几乎同时或几乎同时)发生的短暂发生的短暂性性动作，用动作，用 as / when：I thought of it just when as you opened your mouth. 就在你要说的时候，我也想到了。就在你要说的时候，我也想到了。8(6) 若要表示两个正在若要表示两个正在发展变化发展变化的情况，的情况，“随着随着”，用，用 as：Things are getting better and better as time goes on. As it gre

7、w darker, it became colder. (7) when 可用作可用作并列连词并列连词，表示，表示“这时这时(突然突然)”；while 也可以用作也可以用作并列连词并列连词，表示，表示“而而”、“却却”(表表示对比示对比)；但；但 as 则没有类似用法：则没有类似用法：We were about to start when it began to rain. He likes coffee, while she likes tea. 9当使用连接词当使用连接词when表示表示“时候时候”时，它所引导的时，它所引导的从句从句中中谓语谓语动词用动词用一般现在时或者一般过去时一般现在

8、时或者一般过去时，不能用，不能用完成时态；完成时态；when，while和和as都引导表示时间的状语从句，它们都引导表示时间的状语从句，它们的区别在于的区别在于动作发生的时间顺序动作发生的时间顺序。用。用when时，从句的时，从句的动作可以与主句的动作可以与主句的同时发生或先于主句动作发生同时发生或先于主句动作发生；用；用as时从句和主句动作时从句和主句动作同时发生同时发生；用；用while时从句和主句动时从句和主句动作作同时发生同时发生，也可表示，也可表示持续一段时间持续一段时间。 10 _ we were talking, Mr. Smiths came in. _ they came h

9、ome, I was cooking dinner. I was about to go to bed _ I heard someone knock at the door.4. _ we were watching TV, he was studying.5. He is fat _ his brother is thin.6. _ she sang, tears ran down her face.用用when, whilewhen, while或或as as 填空填空: :While/ As/ WhenWhenwhenWhilewhileAs11BeforeBefore在在之前；之前；

10、AfterAfter在在之后之后表示主从句的动作先后发生表示主从句的动作先后发生1.1.当当主句主句用用将来时将来时，从句从句总是用总是用现在时现在时；2.2.如果如果beforebefore引导的引导的从句从句谓语用的是谓语用的是过去时过去时，则，则主句主句动动词多用词多用过去完成过去完成时；时；3.After3.After表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后。主句和从表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后。主句和从句的动作的时间关系正好与句的动作的时间关系正好与beforebefore引导的从句相反。引导的从句相反。121. It 1. It be four days be four days they

11、 they back. back. 2. My father 2. My father for Canada just for Canada just the the letter letter . .3. 3. you you it over, please it over, please me know me know what you decide.what you decide. 4. 4. we we finished the work, we finished the work, we home home13Before 与与 afterFinish your homework _

12、 you go out to play.He had walked three days _ he found water.It was not long _ he left his hometown.14Before 与与 after4. I played football _ I (had) finished my homework5. Please tell her Ill come _ I do some shopping.6. It will not be long _ we meat each other again.15tilltill和和untiluntil一般情况下两者可以互

13、换，但是在一般情况下两者可以互换，但是在强调句型强调句型中多用中多用untiluntil。注意：如果注意：如果主句主句中的谓语动词是中的谓语动词是瞬时动词瞬时动词时，必须用时，必须用否否定形式定形式；如果；如果主句主句中的谓语动词是中的谓语动词是延续性动词延续性动词时，用肯时，用肯定或否定形式都可以，但表达的意思不同。定或否定形式都可以，但表达的意思不同。 I didI didntnt go to bed go to bed untiluntil（tilltill） my father came my father came back.back.ItIt was was not untilno

14、t until the meeting was over the meeting was over thatthat he he began to teach me English.began to teach me English.I I workedworked untiluntil he came back. he came back.我工作到他回来为止。我工作到他回来为止。 I didI didntnt workwork untiluntil he came back. he came back.他回来我这才开始他回来我这才开始工作。工作。 16till 与与 until1. He l

15、ived with his parents _ he graduated from college.2. The children wont come home _ its dark.3. _ you told me I had no idea of it.4. Not _ he told me did I know the truth.5. It was _ the war was over that he returned to his land.17sincesince引导的从句的谓语动词可以是引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性延续性的动词，又的动词，又可以是可以是瞬时瞬时动词。一般情况下

16、，动词。一般情况下，从句从句谓语动词用谓语动词用一般过一般过去时去时，而，而主句主句的谓语动词用的谓语动词用现在完成时现在完成时。I have been in Beijing I have been in Beijing sincesince you left. you left.区别：区别： 1. It is since1. It is since从从以来多长时间了以来多长时间了It is five years It is five years sincesince we met last time. we met last time.2. It is before(2. It is bef

17、ore(才才) )It was a long time It was a long time beforebefore I went to sleep again. I went to sleep again.18as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the instant, the minute I will go there directly I have finished my breakfast. 吃完早饭，我立即到那里去。吃完早饭，我立即到那里去。 The moment I heard the news,

18、I hastened to the spot.我一听到消息，马上赶到了出事地点。我一听到消息，马上赶到了出事地点。 As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up. 我一到加拿大，就给你来电话。我一到加拿大，就给你来电话。 19hardly(scarcely, rarely)when, no soonerthanhardly(scarcely, rarely)when, no soonerthan主句主句用用过去完成时过去完成时，从句从句用用一般过去时一般过去时。当。当hardly, hardly, scarcely, rarelyscarcely,

19、 rarely和和no soonerno sooner位于位于句首句首时，时，主句应用主句应用倒装语序倒装语序。 He had no sooner arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey. No sooner had he arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey. 20 I _ (be) at his bedside since he _ (become) ill. It _ (be) two years since we _ (be) u

20、niversity students. _ (一一就就) he saw the monster, he turned pale.填空214. The spy had _ returned home than he was told to go to another country.5. We had _ returned home when it rained.6. _ had we begun when we were told to stop.填空22(1) (1) 当主句为将来时态或具有将来意义时，时间状语当主句为将来时态或具有将来意义时，时间状语从句通常要用从句通常要用一般现在时表示将

21、来意义一般现在时表示将来意义。Turn off the lights Turn off the lights beforebefore you you leaveleave. . I will tell him I will tell him as soon asas soon as he he arrivesarrives. . (2) (2) 与与sincesince 从句搭配的主句的时态通常是从句搭配的主句的时态通常是现在完成现在完成时态。时态。He He has livedhas lived here here sincesince 1999. 1999. Where Where ha

22、ve youhave you been been sincesince I last saw you? I last saw you? 23改错题改错题: She was walking on the street while the accident happened. _2. I will call you as soon as I will finish my homework. _3. After the queen knows it is I that help you run away, she will kill me . _ 4. I have finished the com

23、position when the bell rang. _ 241. I got in touch with Charles _ I received his letter. A. when immediatelyB. soonC. immediatelyD. suddenly2. We were just _ calling you up _ you came in. A. about; whenB. on the point of; whileC. on the point of; whenD. on the point of; as253. Most of his great nove

24、ls and plays were not published or known to the public _ his tragic death in 1786. A. even beforeB. ever sinceC. until afterD. until before4. Babies sleep 16 to 18 hours in every 24 hours, and they sleep less _ they grow older. A. whileB. asC. whenD. after265. Did you remember to return the book to

25、our English teacher? Yes. I gave it to him _ I saw him. A. onceB. whileC. ifD. the moment6. A warning news report from Qatar announces that a group of Islam will continue to kill Americans wherever they are _ they leave the Arab world forever. A. even thoughB. in caseC. wheneverD. until277. It will

26、be five years _ we meet again. A. sinceB. untilC. beforeD. when8. How can they learn anything _ they spend all their spare time watching TV?A. whereB. whenC. whileD. but28要点要点: : 由连词由连词wherewhere和复合关系词和复合关系词whereverwherever (=no (=no matter where )matter where )引导引导. .句型句型1 1：WhereWhere地点从句，（地点从句，（t

27、herethere）主句）主句。 【注意注意】此句型通常译成此句型通常译成“哪里哪里哪里就哪里就”；主；主句在从句后面时，句在从句后面时，therethere可用可不用；如果主句在从句可用可不用；如果主句在从句的前面时，一般都不用的前面时，一般都不用therethere。例如：。例如： WhereWhere there is no rain, farming is difficult or there is no rain, farming is difficult or impossible.impossible.You should have put the book You should

28、 have put the book wherewhere you found it. you found it. 29句型句型2 2：Anywhere/ whereverAnywhere/ wherever地点从句，主句。地点从句，主句。 【注意注意】anywhereanywhere本身是个副词，但是，常可以引导从本身是个副词，但是，常可以引导从句，相当于连词，意思相似于句，相当于连词，意思相似于wherever, anywherewherever, anywhere引导引导的从句可位于主句之前，也可以位于主句之后。的从句可位于主句之前，也可以位于主句之后。 而而whereverwherev

29、er本身就是个连词，表示本身就是个连词，表示“在何处，无论何处在何处，无论何处”。WhereverWherever the sea is , you will find seamen. the sea is , you will find seamen.1.Where1.Where there is a will , there is a way. there is a will , there is a way. 2.Wherever2.Wherever you go , I go too. you go , I go too.30判断下列句子类型判断下列句子类型1. You would l

30、et your children play where you can see them.2. You would let your children play in the place where you can see them.311. I have been keeping the portrait _ I can see it every day, as it always reminds me of my childhood in Paris. A. sinceB. whereC. asD. if2. “_ I live there are plenty of sheep.”, s

31、aid the boy _ pride. A. Where; with B. When; inC. That; inD. Why; with323. He seemed to have been asleep, so I said nothing, but sat _ he would see me _ waking. A. whether; whenB. that；whenC. which；whereD. where；when4. You can still find bones of the birds _ they used to live. A. in whichB. in the p

32、laceC. whereD. that335. “_ my feet remain standing above the water level, there is hope.” said the captain. A. WhereB. Even ifC. WhileD. Although34主要连词：主要连词：because, as, since, forseeing (that), now (that)considering (that) 351.I didnt go to school yesterday because I was ill.2. Since everybody is h

33、ere, lets begin our meeting.3. As you are in poor health, you should not stay up late.4.I asked her to stay to tea, for I had something to tell her.361）because语势最强最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见显而易见的或已已为人们所知为人们所知，就用as或 since。 I didnt go, because I was afraid. Since /As the weather is so bad, we h

34、ave to delay our journey. 372）如果不是说明直接原因不是说明直接原因，起补充说明的作用，用for。 He is absent today, for he is ill. He must be ill, for he is absent today.383) as和for的区别：通常情况下，as引导的从句在主句前从句在主句前，for引导的从句在主句后从句在主句后。例：As the weather is cold, I stay at home.I stay at home, for the weather is cold.39用用because, as, since

35、与与for填空填空: - Why are you crying, meg? - _ Ive broken your necklace, mom.2. I went to bed early _ I was tired.3. I was not kind to him, _ he was rude.4. _ I had a cold, I was absent from school.5. My mother was ill and I sent for Tom, _ he was a doctor.6. _ we are all here, lets begin our class.401.

36、May I go now? _ youve finished your work, you may go. A. AfterB. AlthoughC. Now thatD. As soon as2. _ it happened to be a nice day, we decided to go to the beach. A. WhenB. BeforeC. If D. Since41主要的连词：主要的连词：so that, sothat, suchthatso that, sothat, suchthatHe studied hard He studied hard he passed t

37、he he passed the exam. exam. He was He was angry angry he couldnt speak. he couldnt speak. He shut the window with He shut the window with force force the glass broke.the glass broke. 42正：正：He is He is clever a child clever a child we all like we all like him. him. 这小孩很聪明，我们都喜欢他。这小孩很聪明，我们都喜欢他。正：正：They are They are cle