2016年6月大学英语四级第2套真题及答案

1、2016年6月大学英语四级真题第2套)PartIWritingDirections:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowritealettertoexpressyourthankstooneofyourschoolteachersuponenteringcollege.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartnListeningComprehension标准时间25minutes自测用时minutesSectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear

2、threenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1an

3、d2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.1. A)Howcollegestudentscanimprovetheirsleephabits.B)Whysufficientsleepisimportantforcollegestudents.C)Whycollegestudentsaremorelikelytohavestressproblems.D)Howcollegestudentscanhandletheirpsychologicalproblems.2. A)Itisnoteasytoimproveone'ssleephabits.B)

4、Itisnotgoodforstudentstoplayvideogames.C)Studentswhoarebetterpreparedgenerallygethigherscoresinexaminations.D)Makinglast-minutepreparationsfortestsmaybelesseffectivethansleeping.Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.3. A)WhethermoreairportsshouldbebuiltaroundLondon.B)Whetheradequatei

5、nvestmentisbeingmadetoimproveairportfacilities.C)WhethertheBritishAirportsAuthorityshouldselloffsomeofitsassets.D)WhethertheSpanishcompanycouldofferbetterservice.4. A)Inefficientmanagement.B)Poorownershipstructure.C)Lackofinnovationandcompetition.D)Lackofrunwayandterminalcapacity.Questions5to7arebas

6、edonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.5. A)Reportthenicotinecontentoftheircigarettes.B)Setalimittotheproductionoftheircigarettes.C)Takestepstoreducenicotineintheirproducts.D)Studytheeffectsofnicotineonyoungsmokers.6. A)Thebiggestincreaseinnicotinecontenttendedtobeinbrandsyoungsmokerslike.B)Bigtobaccocom

7、panieswerefrankwiththeircustomersaboutthehazardsofsmoking.C)Brandswhichcontainhighernicotinecontentwerefoundtobemuchmorepopular.D)Tobaccocompaniesrefusedtodiscussthedetailednicotinecontentoftheirproducts.7. A)Theypromisedtoreducethenicotinecontentincigarettes.B)Theyhavenotfullyrealizedtheharmfuleffe

8、ctofnicotine.C)Theywerenotpreparedtocommentonthecigarettestudy.D)Theywillpaymoreattentiontothequalityoftheirproducts.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhea

9、raquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.8. A)Indonesia.B)Holland.C)Sweden.D)England.9. A)Gettingacoachwhocanofferrealhelp.B)Talkingwi

10、thherboyfriendinDutch.C)Learningalanguagewhereitisnotspoken.D)Acquiringthenecessaryabilitytosocialize.10. A)Listeninglanguageprogramsontheradio.B)Tryingtospeakitasmuchasonecan.C)Makingfriendswithnativespeakers.D)Practicingreadingaloudasoftenaspossible.11. A)Itcreatesanenvironmentforsocializing.B)Ito

11、ffersvariouscourseswithcreditpoints.C)Ittrainsyoungpeople'sleadershipabilities.D)Itprovidesopportunitiesforlanguagepractice.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.12. A)Theimpactofenginedesignonrodesafety.B)TherolepolicemenplayintrafficsafetyC)A sense of freedom driving gives.1

12、3. A)Make cars with automatic control. C)Make cars that are less powerful.14. A)They tend to drive responsibly. C)They keep within speed limits.15. A)It is a bad idea.C)It is as effective as speed bumps .D)Rules and regulations for driving.B)Make cars that have better brakes.D)Make cars with higher

13、standards.B)They like to go at high speed.D)They follow traffic rules closely.B)It is not useful.D)It should be combined with education.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Af

14、teryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16. A)Thecardgotdamaged.B)Thecardwasfoundinvalid.C)Thecardreaderfailedtodothescanning.D)

15、Thecardreaderbrokedownunexpectedly.17. A)Byconvertingthecreditcardwithalayerofplastic.B)Bycallingthecreditcardcompanyforconfirmation.C)ByseekinghelpfromthecardreadermakerVerifone.D)Bytypingthecreditcardnumberintothecashregister.18. A)Affectthesalesofhigh-techappliances.B)ChangethelifestyleofmanyAmer

16、icans.C)Givebirthtomanynewtechnologicalinventions.D)Producemanylow-techfixesforhigh-techfailures.Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19. A)Theyaresetbythedeanofthegraduateschool.B)Theyaredeterminedbytheadvisingboard.C)Theyleavemuchroomforimprovement.D)Theyvaryamongdifferentdepartment

17、s.20. A)Byconsultingtheexaminingcommittee.B)ByreadingtheBulletinofInformation.C)Bycontactingthedepartmentaloffice.D)Byvisitingtheuniversity'swebsite.21. A)Theyspecifythenumberofcreditsstudentsmustearn.B)Theyarehardertomeetthanthoseforundergraduates.C)Theyhavetobeapprovedbytheexaminingcommittee.D

18、)Theyarethesameamongvariousdivisionsoftheuniversity.Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22. A)Studentsmajoringinnutrition.B)Studentsinhealthclasses.C)Ph.D.candidatesindieting.D)Middleandhighschoolteachers.23. A)Itsoverestimateoftheeffectofdieting.B)Itsmistakenconceptionofnutrition.C)

19、Itschangingcriteriaforbeauty.D)Itsoveremphasisonthinness.24. A)Toillustrateherpointthatbeautyisbutskindeep.B)Todemonstratethemagiceffectofdietingonwomen.C)Toexplainhowcomputerimagescanbemisleading.D)Toprovethattechnologyhasimpactedourculture.25. A)Topersuadegirlstostopdieting.B)Topromoteherownconcep

20、tofbeauty.C)Toestablishanemotionalconnectionwithstudents.D)Tohelpstudentsridthemselvesofbadlivinghabits.PartIIIReadingComprehension标准时间40minutes自测用时minutesSectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowin

21、gthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Contrarytopopularbelief,olderpeoplegenerallydonotwanttoli

22、vewiththeirchildren.Moreover,mostadultchildren26everybitasmuchcareandsupporttotheiragingparentsaswasthecaseinthe“goodolddays”,andmostolderpeople27onotfeelAbout80%ofpeople65yearsandolderhavelivingchildren,andabout90%ofthemhave28contactwiththeirchildren.About75%ofelderlyparentswhodonnursinghomesgotoli

23、vewithin30minutesofatleastoneoftheirchildren.However,29havingcontactwithchildrendoesnotguaranteehappinessinoldage.Infact,someresearchhasfoundthatpeoplewhoaremostinvolvedwiththeirfamilieshavethelowestspirits.Thisresearchmaybe30,however,asillhealthoftenmakesolderpeoplemore31andtherebyincreasescontactw

24、ithfamilymembers.Soitismorelikelythatpoorhealth,notjustfamilyinvolvement,32spirits.Increasingly,researchershavebeguntolookatthequalityofrelationships,ratherthanatthefrequencyofcontact,betweentheelderlyandtheirchildren.Ifparentsandchildrenshareinterestsandvaluesandagreeonchildrearingpracticesandrelig

25、ious33,theyarelikelytoenjoyeachother'company.Disagreementsonsuchmatterscan34causeproblems.Ifparentsareagreedbytheirdaughterivorde,sdislikehernewhusband,anddisapproveofhowsheisraisingtheirgrandchildren,35arethattheyarenotgoingtoenjoyhervisits.A)abandonedE)commitmentI)frequentM)provideB)advancedF)

26、dampensJ)fulfillmentN)understandablyC)biasedG)dependentK)grantO)unrealisticallyD)chancesH)distantL)merelySectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderi

27、ved.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.CouldFoodShortagesBringDownCivilization?A FormanyyearsIhavestudiedglobalagricultural,population,environmentalandeconomictrendsandtheirinteractions.Thecombinedeffect

28、softhosetrendsandthepoliticaltensionstheygeneratepointtothebreakdownofgovernmentsandsocieties.YetI,too,haveresistedtheideathatfoodshortagescouldbringdownnotonlyindividualgovernmentsbutalsoourglobalcivilization.B Icannolongerignorethatrisk.Ourcontinuingfailuretodealwiththeenvironmentaldeclinesthatare

29、underminingtheworldfoodeconomyforcesmetoconcludethatsuchacollapseispossible.C Asdemandforfoodrisesfasterthansuppliesaregrowing,theresultingfood-priceinflationputsseverestressonthegovernmentsofmanycountries.Unabletobuygrainorgrowtheirown,hungrypeopletaketothestreets.Indeed,evenbeforethesteepclimbingr

30、ainpricesin2008,thenumberoffailingstateswasexpanding.Ifthefoodsituationcontinuestoworsen,entirenationswillbreakdownataneverincreasingrate.Inthe20thcenturythemainthreattointernationalsecuritywassuperpowerconflict;todayitisfailingstates.D Statesfailwhennationalgovernmentscannolongerprovidepersonalsecu

31、rity,foodsecurityandbasicsocialservicessuchaseducationandhealthcare.Whengovernmentslosetheircontrolonpower,lawandorderbegintodisintegrate.Afterapoint,countriescanbecomesodangerousthatfoodreliefworkersarenolongersafeandtheirprogramsarehalted.Failingstatesareofinternationalconcernbecausetheyareasource

32、ofterrorists,drugs,weaponsandrefugees（难民）,threateningpoliticalstabilityeverywhere.E Thesurgeinworldgrainpricesin2007and2008andthethreattheyposetofoodsecurityhasadifferent,moretroublingqualitythantheincreasesofthepast.Duringthesecondhalfofthe20thcentury,grainpricesrosedramaticallyseveraltimes.In1972,

33、forinstance,theSoviets,recognizingtheirpoorharvestearly,quietlycorneredtheworldwheatmarket.Asaresult,wheatpriceselsewheremorethandoubled,pullingriceandcornpricesupwiththem.Butthisandotherpriceshockswereevent-drivendroughtintheSovietUnion,crop-shrinkingheatintheU.S.CornBelt.Andtheriseswereshort-lived

34、:pricestypicallyreturnedtonormalwiththenextharvest.F Incontrast,therecentsurgeinworldgrainpricesistrend-driven,makingitunlikelytoreversewithoutareversalinthetrendsthemselves.Onthedemandside,thosetrendsincludetheongoingadditionofmorethan70millionpeopleayear,agrowingnumberofpeoplewantingtomoveupthefoo

35、dchaintoconsumehighlygrain-intensivemeatproducts,andthemassivediversion（转向）ofU.S.graintotheproductionofbio-fuel.G Asincomesriseamonglow-incomeconsumers,thepotentialforfurthergrainconsumptionishuge.Butthatpotentialpalesbesidethenever-endingdemandforcrop-basedfuels.Afourthofthisyear'sU.S.grainharv

36、estwillgotofuelcars.H Whataboutsupply?Thethreeenvironmentaltrendstheshortageoffreshwater,thelossoftopsoilandtherisingtemperaturesaremakingitincreasinglyhardtoexpandtheworld'sgrainsupplyfastenoughtokeepupwithdemand.Ofallthosetrends,however,thespreadofwatershortagesposesthemostimmediatethreat.Theb

37、iggestchallengehereisirrigation,whichconsumes70%theworld'sfreshwater.Millionsofirrigationwellsinmanycountriesarenowpumpingwateroutofundergroundsourcesfasterthanrainfallcanrefillthem.Theresultisfallingwatertables（地下水位）incountrieswithhalftheworld'speople,includingthethreebiggrainproducersChina

38、,IndiaandtheU.S.I Aswatertableshavefallenandirrigationwellshavegonedry,China'swheatcrop,theworlargest,hasdeclinedby8%sinceitpeakedat123milliontonsin1997.ButwatershortagesareevenmoreworryinginIndia.Millionsofirrigationwellshavesignificantlyloweredwatertablesinalmosteverystate.J Astheworld'sfo

39、odsecurityfallstopieces,individualcountriesactingintheirownsenterestareactuallyworseningthetroublesofmany.Thetrendbeganin2007,whenleadingwheat-exportingcountriessuchasRussiaandArgentinalimitedorbannedtheirexports,inhopesofincreasinglocalfoodsuppliesandtherebybringingdowndomesticfoodprices.Vietnamban

40、neditsexportsforseveralmonthsforthesamereason.Suchmovesmayeliminatethefearsofthoselivingintheexportingcountries,buttheyarecreatingpanicinimportingcountriesthatmustrelyonwhatisthenleftforexport.K Inresponsetothoserestrictions,grain-importingcountriesaretryingtonaildownlong-termtradeagreementsthatwoul

41、dlockupfuturegrainsupplies.Food-importanxietyisevenleadingtoneweffortsbyfood-importingcountriestobuyorleasefarmlandinothercountries.Inspiteofsuchtemporarymeasures,soaringfoodpricesandspreadinghungerinmanyothercountriesarebeginningtobreakdownthesocialorder.L Sincethecurrentworldfoodshortageistrend-dr

42、iven,theenvironmentaltrendsthatcauseitmustbereversed.Wemustcutcarbonemissionsby80%fromtheir2006levelsby2020,stabilizetheworld'psopulationateightbillionby2040,completelyremovepoverty,andrestoreforestsandsoils.Thereisnothingnewaboutthefourobjectives.Indeed,wehavemadesubstantialprogressinsomepartso

43、ftheworldonatleastoneofthesethedistributionoffamily-planningservicesandtheassociatedshifttosmallerfamilies.MFormanyinthedevelopmentcommunity,thefourobjectiveswereseenaspositive,promotingdevelopmentaslongastheydidnotcosttoomuch.Otherssawthemaspoliticallycorrectandmorallyappropriate.Nowathirdandfarmor

44、esignificantmotivationpresentsitself:meetingthesegoalsmaybenecessarytopreventthecollapseofourcivilization.Yetthecostweprojectforsavingcivilizationwouldamounttolessthan$200billionayear,1/6ofcurrentglobalmilitaryspending.Ineffect,ourplanisthenewsecuritybudget.36. Themorerecentsteepclimbingrainpricespa

45、rtlyresultsfromthefactthatmoreandmorepeoplewanttoconsumemeatproducts.37. Socialorderisbreakingdowninmanycountriesbecauseoffoodshortages.38. Ratherthansuperpowerconflict,countriesunabletocopewithfoodshortagesnowconstitutethemainthreattoworldsecurity.39. Somepartsoftheworldhaveseensuccessfulimplementa

46、tionoffamilyplanning.40. Theauthorhascometoagreethatfoodshortagescouldultimatelyleadtothecollapseofworldcivilization.41. Increasingwatershortagesprovetobethebiggestobstacletoboostingtheworld'grainproduction.42. Thecostforsavingourcivilizationwouldbeconsiderablylessthantheworld'currentmilitar

47、yspending.43. Tolowerdomesticfoodprices,somecountrieslimitedorstoppedtheirgrainexports.44. Environmentalproblemsmustbesolvedtoeasethecurrentglobalfoodshortage.45. Aquarterofthisyear'sAmericangrainharvestwillbeusedtoproeucerbars.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollo

48、wedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Decliningmentalfunctionisoftenseenasaproblemofo

49、ldage,butcertainaspectsofbrainfunctionactuallybegintheirdeclineinyoungadulthood,anewstudysuggests.Thestudy,whichfollowedmorethan2,000healthyadultsbetweentheagesof18and60,foundthatcertainmentalfunctionsincludingmeasuresofabstractreasoning,mentalspeedandpuzzle-solvingstartedtodullasearlyasage27.Dipsin

50、memory,meanwhile,generallybecameapparentaroundage37.Ontheotherhand,indicatorsofaperson'accumulatedknowledgelikeperformanceontestsofvocabularyandgeneralknowledgekeptimprovingwithage,accordingtofindingspublishedinthejournalNeurobiologyofAging.Theresultsdonotmeanthatyoungadultsneedtostartworryingab

51、outtheirmemories.Mostpeople'smindsfunctionatahighlevelevenintheirlateryears,accordingtoresearcherTimothySalthouse.“Thesepatternssuggestthatsometypesofmentalflexibilitydecreaserelativelyearlyinadulthood,butthattheamountofknowledgeonehas,andtheeffectivenessofintegratingitwithone'sabilitiesmayi

52、ncreasethroughoutallofadulthoodiftherearenodiseases,“Salthousesaidinanewsrelease.Thestudyincludedhealthy,educatedadultswhotookstandardtestsofmemory,reasoningandperceptionattheoutsetandatsomepointoverthenextsevenyears.Thetestsaredesignedtodetectsubtle(细微的)changesinmentalfunction,andinvolvesolvingpuzz

53、les,recallingwordsanddetailsfromstories,andidentifyingpatternsincollectionsoflettersandsymbols.Ingeneral,Salthouseandhiscolleaguesfound,certainaspectsofcognition(认知能力)generallystartedtodeclineinthelate20sto30s.Thefindingsshedlightonnormalage-relatedchangesinmentalfunction,whichcouldaidinunderstandin

54、gtheprocessofdementia(痴呆),accordingtotheresearchers.“Byfollowingindividualsovertime,"Salthousesaid,“wegacognstSnchanges,andmaypossiblydiscoverwaystoslowtherateofdecline.”Theresearchersarecurrentlyanalyzingthestudyparticipantshealthandlifestyletoseewhichfactorsmightinfluenceage-relatedcognitivec

55、hanges.46. Whatisthecommonviewofmentalfunction?A)Itvariesfrompersontoperson.B)Itweakensinone'slateryears.C)Itgraduallyexpandswithage.D)Itindicatesone'shealthcondition.47. Whatdoesthenewstudyfindaboutmentalfunctions?A)Somediseasesinevitablyleadtotheirdecline.B)Theyreachapeakattheageof20formos

56、tpeople.C)Theyarecloselyrelatedtophysicalandmentalexercise.D)Someofthembegintodeclinewhenpeoplearestillyoung.48. WhatdoesTimothySalthousesayaboutpeople'smindsinmostcases?A)Theytendtodeclineinpeople'slateryears.B)Theirflexibilitydeterminesone'sabilities.C)Theyfunctionquitewelleveninoldage

57、.D)Theirfunctioningisstillapuzzletobesolved.49. Althoughpeople'smauycfunctionlessflexiblyastheyage,they.A)maybebetteratsolvingpuzzlesB)canmemorizethingswithmoreeaseC)mayhavegreaterfacilityinabstractreasoningD)canputwhattheyhavelearntintomoreeffectiveuse50. AccordingtoSalthouse,theirstudymayhelpu

58、s.A)findwaystoslowdownourmentaldeclineB)findwaystoboostourmemoriesC)understandthecomplexprocessofmentalfunctioningD)understandtherelationbetweenphysicalandmentalhealthPassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.ThemostimportantthinginthenewslastweekwastherisingdiscussioninNashvilleabouttheeducationalneedsofchildren.Theshorthand(简写)educatorsuseforthisis"pre”meaninginstructionbeforekindergartenandthebigideaistoprepare4-year-oldsandevenyoungerkidstobereadytosucceedontheirK-12journey.Butitgetscomplicated.Theconcepthasmultipleforms,andscholarsandpol