名词性从句讲练学案

1、名词性从句讲练学案在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses)。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。主语从句主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语 it代替，而本身放在句子末 尾。It作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较It作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结 构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分， 都可用连词that。被强调部分指人

2、时也可用who/whom。例如：2) That she is still alive is a con solati on二宾语从句宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。1. 作动词的宾语(1) 由that引导的宾语从句(that通常可以省略),例如：I heard that be joined the army.(2) 由what, whether (if)引导的宾语从句，例如：She did not know what had happe ned.I won der whether you can cha nge this note for

3、me.(3) 动词+间接宾语+宾语从句。例如：She told me that she would accept my in vitati on.2. 作介词的宾语，例如：Our success depe nds upon how well we can cooperate with one ano ther.It is a pity that you did nt go to see the film.3.作形容词的宾语，例如:It doesn ' t interest me whether you succeed or not. It is in the mor ning that

4、 the murder took place.I am afraid (that) I' ve madea mistak注意：that引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：It is Joh n that broke the win dow. 用it作形式主语的结构(1) It is +名词+从句It is a fact that事实是It is an honor that非常荣幸It is com mon kno wledge that是常识It is +形容词+从句It is n atural that很自然It is stra nge that奇怪的是It is +不及物动词+ 从

5、句It seems that似乎It happe ned that碰巧It appears that似乎It +过去分词+从句It is reported that据报道It has bee n proved that已证实It is said that据说主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况:(1) if引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。(2) It is said /reported结构中的主语从句不可提前。 例如：It is said that Preside nt Jia ng will visit our school n ext week.That Preside nt Jia ng w

6、ill visit our school n ext week is said.(3) It happens/occurs 结构中的主语从句不可提前。 例如：It occurred to him that he failed in the exam in ati on.That he failed in the exam in ati on occurred to him.(4) It doesn ' t matter how/whether 结构中的主语从句 不可提前。例如：It doesn' t matter whether he is wrong or not.Wheth

7、er he is wrong or not doesn' t matter.(5) 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可 提前。例如：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?Is that will rain in the eve ning likely?4. what与that在引导主语从句时的区别what引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语宾语表语，而 that则不然。例如：1) What you said yesterday is right.an xious, aware, certa in, con fid

8、e nt, convin ced, determ in ed, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, tha nkful, ashamed, disappo in ted, anno yed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content等。也可以将此类词后的 that从句的看作原因 状语从句。4. it可以作为形式宾语it不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而 真正的宾语that从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语 的句子中。例如： We heard it that she would getmarried n ext mon

9、 th.5. 后边不能直接跟that从句的动词这类动词有 allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。如：I admire their winning the match.I admire that they won the match.6. 不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词有些动词不可用于 动词+间接宾语+ that从 句 结构中，常见的有 envy, ord

10、er, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate 等。例如：He impressed the man ager as an hon est man.He impressed the man ager that he was an hon est man.7. 否定的转移若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose,believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine 等，其后的宾语从 句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语 上，从句谓语用肯定

11、式。例如：I don' think this dress fits you well.我认为这件衣 服不适合你穿。三.表语从句表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是主语+连系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem 等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。另外，常用的还有thereason is that和和-It is because 等结构。例如：1) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.2) This

12、 is why we can' t get the support of the people3) But the fact rema ins that we are beh ind the other classes.4) The reason he is late for school is that he missed theearly bus.四.同位语从句 同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性 从句。1. 同位语从句的功能同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导，例如：s decisi on that the pris oner woul

13、d be set frehe rain yesterday.1) The king surprised all the people.2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is give n by the gen eral.2. 同位语在句子中的位置同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后 面，而是被别的词隔开。例如：He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别（1）定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中

14、作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。（2）定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对 先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特征；同位语从句是 名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如：1）The n ews that he told me is that Tom would go abroadnext year.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将岀国。）（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）2）The n ews that Tom would go abroad is told by him. （汤 姆将岀国的

15、消息是他讲的。）（同位语从句，that在句中 不作任何成分）自测题He askedfor the violi n.A. did I pay how muchB. I paid how muchC. how much did I payD. how much I paid2. They want to knowdo to help us.A. what can theyB. what they canC. how they canD. how can they3. you have done might do harm to other people.A. That B. What C. Whi

16、ch D. This4. These photographs will show you.A. what does our village look likeB. what our village looks likeC. how does our village looks likeD. how our village looks like5. leaves the room last ought to tur n off the lights.A. An yo ne B. The person C. Whoever D. Who6.It made many cou ntries angry

17、the NATO, withoutthe permission from the UN, started a war in YugoslaviaA. is happe nB. has happe nedC. would happe nD. did happe n11. E nergy ismakes thi ngs work.A. what B. someth ing C. any thi ng D. that12. This is justthey are mistake n.A. whe nB. what C. where D. which13. Why he fell ill sudde

18、nly was he was caught inA. because B. since C. that D. only because14.1 don' think the question of they are old oryou ng is importa nt.A. which B. whether C. how D. why15.1 ' ll maketo all that you were once a sailor.A. known B. knowing C. the n known D. it known16. was not our con cer n.A.

19、No matter he might pass the exam in ati onB. Whether he passed the exam in ati on or notC. Though he might pass the exam in ati onD. He passed the exam in ati on17. Do you believehe will wi n?A. that B. whetherC. if D. what18.1 have no doubtit is true.A. thatB. whetherC. if D. what19.1 don' t th

20、ink.A. that is true he'llgo therehimselfB. it true that he'llgo therehimselfC. that he will true go there himselfD. this is true he'llgo therehimself20. Do you knowget three goldmedals?A. how Tim couldB. how Tim was able toC. how was Tim able toD. how could Tim21. They expressed the hope

21、they would come overto visit Chi na aga in.A. which B. that C. whether D. for which22. The reason why I didn ' ftnish my homework was my schoolbag with all my textbooks in it.A. because I lostB. because of los ingC. for I lostD. that I lost23. The reas on for his success ishe worked hard.A. why

22、B. that C. what D. because24.1 won derwith his study.A. what he is gett ing along B. that he is gett ing alongC. if he is gett ing along D. how he is gett ing along25. I ' m thinkingI should do next.A. that B. what C. of what D. in what26. We' l lever give inthey may do or say.A. although B.

23、 despiteC. no matter how D. whateverbecause of the problem of Kosovo.A. whe n B. because C. that D. if7.It is notthat this situati on will continue very long.A. alike B. like C. likely D. the like8. Computers can only give out has been stored inthem by man.A. that B. which C. what D. everythi ng9. W

24、e all heard the news the Chinese WomenVolleyball Team had won the match.A. which B. that C. in whichD. whe n10. There is a police car in front of our n eighbourWhat do you suppose?now a famous place.A. what B. it C. which D. where28. What is Ein stein ' s most famous theory?A. We call the Theory

25、 of RelativityB. That we call the Theory of RelativityC. What we call the Theory of RelativityD. We call it the Theory of Relativity29. There ' s no doubyour book will be well received.A. that B. whether C. whe nD. where30. You can depe nd onpromise he makes.A. all ' s houswhat C. whatever D

26、. which31. The factshe works hard is well known to us all.27. His gra ndfather was among the first to settle inisA. that B. what C. why D. which32. The mountain is no Ion gerin used to be.A. which B. that C. as D. what33. Jack saidto meet the America n frie nds.A. which he pleasedB. he is pleasedC.

27、that he was pleased D. what he was pleased34. He was always thi nking ofhe could help others.A. that B. how C. whom D. which35. they are most interested in is they canproduce more and better cars.A.That,that B.What, that C.What, how D.That, whether36. Do you rememberhe came?Yes, I do. He came by car

28、.A. whe nB. how C. where D. that37. colour pri nti ng was inven ted by the Chin ese asearly as the 10th cen tury?A. Do you think that is true B. Do you think it true thatC. Is that trueD. Is that said38. His suggestion to see the exhibition interestsevery one of us.A. that we goB. which we should go

29、C. whether we should goD. we went39. Have you any idea?A.how fast does light travelB. how does light travel fastC. how fast light travels D. light travels how fast40. What about seei ng a film?The point iswe' ll have enough time.A. that B. if C. whether D. whe n41. What a pityis you didn ' t

30、 arrive by daylight.A. there ; because B. it ; that C. he ; whe n D. that; for42. I believe you' vedone your best andthings will improve.Tha nk you.A. that;不填 B.不填;不填C. what;不填D.不填；that43. Please give the book towins the first price.A. who B. whe n C. whoever D. whomever44. The fire destroyedwas

31、 in the buildi ng.A. all B. what C. that D. whichA. what B. which C. that D. who强化练习1 . he does has nothing to do with me.A.whatever=a nythi ng thatB.No matter whatC.ThatD. If2. The manager came over and asked the customerhowA. did the quarrel came aboutB .the quarrel had come aboutC. had the quarre

32、l come aboutD. had the quarrel come about3. En ergy ismakes thing work.A. what B. somethi ng C. anything D. that4. Information has been put forward more middleschool graduates will be admitted into uni versities.A. while B. that C. when D. as5. This isthe she nzhou V Spaceship lan ded.A. there B. i

33、n which C. where D. whe n6. They have no idea/don' t know at all.A. where he has goneB. where did he goC. which place has he goneD. where has he gone7. The doctor did a lot to reduce the patie nt would die of the disease.A. that B. which C. of which D. of that8. The order camethe soldiersthe sma

34、ll villagethe n ext morning.A.that ;had to leaveB. that; should leaveC. /; must leaveD. whe n; should leave9. is no possibilityBob can win the first prize inthe match.A. There; that B. It; thatC. There; whetherD. It; whether10. The question came up at the meeting we haden ough money for our research

35、.A. that B. which C. whether D. if11. Ishe said really true?A. that B. what C. why D. whether12. the meeting should last two days or three daysdoesn ' t matter.s fearA. That B. Whether C. If D. Where45.The questi on came up at the meeti ngwe had not 13. It worried her a bither hair was tur ning

36、grey.eno ugh money to do the research.A. whether B. that C. whe n D. ifA. while B. if C. that14.more countries can46.Jea n didnt pass the last English exam was cfuittere remains to be seen.D. foruse natural energy in the It rema ins to be see nbey ond every one' s expectati on.A. Why B. How C. W

37、hether D. that47. is worth doing well.A. Whatever is worth doing at allB. That ' s worth doing at allC. What ' s worth doing it at allD. Whatever is worth doing it at all48. Do you know it is from here to the railwaystati on? Yes. About 5 miles .whetherA. Whether B. This C. who D. If15. he w

38、ill go to work in a mountain village surprisesall of us.A. What B. That C. Whether D. If16. you don ' t like him is none of my bus in ess.A. What B. That C. Who D. How17. all the inven ti ons have in com mon is theyhave succeeded.50. Though he said was of littlethan ked him all the same.help to

39、me, IA. What B. That C. How D. Where21. he always serves the people very well is known.A. what dista nee B. how far C. how long D.how dista nt49. What is n ot yet decided so far?A. Cash crops will be produced n ext yearB. If cash crops will be produced n ext yearC. That cash crops will be produced n

40、 ext yearD. What cash crops will be produced n ext year A. What; what B. That; that C. what; that D. That ; what18. appeared to me that he enjo yed the food very much.A. WhatB. ItC. All that D. That19. It is widelythat smok ing can cause can cer.A. believed B. think C. sayD. hoped20. caused the acci

41、de nt is still a complete mystery.A. What B. That C. Which D. Who22. has passed the test will get a prize .A. Whoever B. No mater who C. Whomever D. Who 23.1s true that the famous scientist will givelecture n ext week?44.-Have you found your book yet?-No, I ' m not sureI could have left it.us a

42、A. whether B. whereC. whe nD. why45. The doctor could n't answer the questioncould survive that ni ght.A. That B. WhatC. Which D. Whetherthe patie ntA thatB itC his D heA. which B. itC. whatD. thatC. Anyonedo good all one' life and never doC. ThatD. Whatwe ' re going to pay for all this.

43、 ' C. What; how D. As; that24.lt has not bee n decided_ they will leave for New York. A. whe nB whyC that D what25. Obviouslywe do morning exercises every dayus good.A. that do B. if; do C what; does D. that; dose 26 It is saidwas all he said.A that; that; that B what; what; what C that; which;

44、what D that; that; which27 gets home first is to cook the supper.A. Who B Whom C. Those who D. Whoever28 moved us most was he liked after the old manfor more tha n twenty years.A. That; that B. What; that C What; what D. That; what29. you did it is not known to all.A. WhoB. What C. How D. Which30. y

45、ou do should be well done.A HowB. That C. Whatever D Why31. The reason why I plan to go is she will bedisappo in ted if I don' t.A. because B. thatC. tha nks to D. what32. What time do you think_?A. will Tom come backB. Tom will come backC. is Tom coming backD. can Tom get here33. The teacher sa

46、id that lightfaster tha n sou nd.A. Has traveled B. traveled C. had traveled D. travels34.is still a questionwill win.A. It; that B. It; who C. That; who D. This; that35. If you knowit was that wrote A Tale of Two Cities,raise your hand.A. whom B. which C. who D. thatIt was Dicke ns that wroteWho wa

47、s it that wrote36. In some countries, are called “ publicschools ”renot owned by the state.A. that B. which C. as D. what37. Thinking you know in fact you don' ts aterrible mistake.A. that; that B. what; what C. that; what D. what that38. Whether ways will be found to stop polluti on or not isju

48、stworries the public.A. whyB. whichC. thatD. what39. Why don' you bring to his attention that you aretoo busy to do it?A. that B. what C. that D. it40. David says sou nds right to Hele n. That why shehas made up her mind to leave with himhappe ns.A. whatever; whatever B. No matter what; whatever

49、C. No matter what; No matter whatD. Whatever; however41. That isI was bor n and grew up.A. There B. i n which C. where D. the place42. she was in vited to the ball made her very happy.A. What B. ThatC. When D. BecauseA. ifB. thatC. whether D. what46. I firmly believehe said at the meeti ng was right.A. that B. which C. that what D. what that47. -What were you trying to prove to the police?-I was last ni ght.A. That