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1、 398 年 储 能 科 学 与 技 术 2013 年第 2 卷 一次性地合成覆盖大范围组分或整个二元/三元 “相 图”组分的样品,降低由多次实验所带来的数据离 散性;利用自动化、高速度、综合性微区表征平 台的强大分析测试能力,对样品进行多参数微区分 析表征,建立完整周密的数据库;采用科学的数 据统计分析方法,找出大量数据中隐含的趋势与规 律。类似的方法还包括在美国通用电气公司(GE) 的赵继成博士发展的“扩散多元节”方法等。 Dahn 小组较早通过高通量制备 在锂电池领域, 方法,系统研究了 Sn、Si 基合金负极材料,发展了 同时制备并测试 64 种成份的实验技术, 这种测试技 105 术
2、加快了电极材料筛选的速度 。 此类方法适合于 多组元的合金类负极,也被用于 LiFe1xMnxPO4 固 106 溶体正极材料研究 。 of highly saturated Li-graphite intercalation compound J. Carbon, 1995,33(2):177-181. 5 6 Dahn J R. Phase-diagram of LixC6 J. Phys. Rev. B, 1991, 44 (17) : 9170-9177. Hu Jin . Investigations of anode materials with nano-structure (胡
3、进) for lithium ion batteryD. Beijing:Institute of Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,2005. 7 Woo K C , Mertwoy H , Fischer J E , et al. Experimental phase-diagram of lithium-intercalated graphite J. Phys. Rev. B, 1983,27(12):7831-7834. 8 9 Guerard D,Herold A. Intercalation of lithium into graphite
4、and other carbons J. Carbon,1975,13(4):337-345. Reimers J N , Dahn J R. Electrochemical and Insitu X-raydiffractionstudies of lithium intercalation in LixCoO2 J. J. Electrochem. Soc.,1992,139(8):2091-2097. 10 Reimers J N,Dahn J R,Vonsacken U. Effects of impurities on the electrochemical properties o
5、f LiCoO2 J. J. Electrochem. Soc., 1993,140(10):2752-2754. 11 Ohzuku T, Ueda A. Solid-state redox reactions of LixCoO2 (R-3m) for 4 Volt secondary lithium cells J. J. Electrochem. Soc.,1994, 141(11):2972-2977. 12 Shao H Y, Levasseur S, Weill F, et al. Probing lithium and vacancy ordering in O3 layere
6、d LixCoO2 ( x approximate to 0.5 ) An electron diffraction study J. J. Electrochem. Soc., 2003, 150 (3 ) : A366-A373. 13 Menetrier M,Saadoune I,Levasseur S,et al. The insulator-metal transition upon lithium deintercalation from LiCoO2 : Electronic properties and Li-7 NMR study J. J. Mater. Chem., 19
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10、ticles J. Nano Letters,2012,12(12):6192-6197. 20 Delmas C, Braconnier J J, Hagenmuller P. A new variety of LiCoO2 with an unusual oxygen packing obtained by exchange-reaction J. 5 小 结 电池材料在制备与充放电过程中的相与相变的 研究,准确完备的相图的获得对于开发、设计、优 化电池材料具有十分重要的意义。高通量的计算、 制备、表征技术已经开始在锂离子电池材料研究中 获得应用,普及后将会大大加快新相材料开发及相 图绘制
11、的速度。高空间分辨率、时间分辨率、能量 分辨率的技术也被广泛的应用于电池材料的体相、 表面相、界面相结构、组成及其演化的研究。锂离 子电池中的相变与相图方面的知识虽然还远未完 善,但正日渐积累。从原子尺度到宏观尺度了解相 变过程、相变的驱动力、相的稳定性、相变对电化 学性能的影响;获得除了组成相图之外,包括温压 相图及各类物理性质的相图,相信已经为期不远。 这些努力对于材料基础科学的发展以及储能材料的 开发一定具有积极的推动作用。 参 考 文 献 1 Derosa P A,Balbuena P B. A lattice-gas model study of lithium intercalat
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