英语单项知识的讲解与练习(79)

1、英语单项知识的讲解与练习（79）391. act的用法act法令、条例、表演、扮演（角色）、行动。例句：1It is an act of kindness to help a blind man across the street.帮助盲人 过街是慈善的行为。2Thisact had to get a strong support from them.这个行动必须得至U他 们的大力支持。3Thi nk well before youact.要三思而后行。4Joh ns bee nact ing very stra ngely latel y近来约翰的行为怪得很。短语：act for代理；act

2、 on对有效、 听从；act as if某人的举止就 好像似的（虚拟）；act as充当、担任；act up to实行、按照；act out表演；actdead装死；act against违反；act without thinking轻率行事；act up topromise履行诺言；act up to ones reputation做符合某人声望 的 事 ；actwith extreme caution极 其 谨 慎 地行 事 ；act under compulsion被迫去做；act on wrong views按错误的观点办事；act out of kindn ess行动出于善行；用法：

3、act的基本意思是“行动”，指人或事物对所期待的行为、作 用或对外来影响作出反应的方式等。act用作不及物动词，常用于询问 行动具体性质的疑问句中和带有状语性修饰语或形容词补足语的陈 述句中。2act可用作系动词，接名词或形容词作表语，意思是 装成”显得”。3act泛指 演戏”解时是不及物动词，作 扮演（戏剧或影视中某角色）解时用作及物动词。用作不及物动词时也可以 “戏”作主语。4act是可数名词，多用作单数形式。5actthe hero （装出英雄气概），act the child （做出儿童模样）等表达 方式里多用the,而不用a；6当着重点在那个人当时的情况时，act后多使用形容词，而不

4、是副词，例如下句中用natural而不用naturally:如：At first he was a little shy inclass, but now he acts more natural.比较：act与action的区别：act指短暂，简单的动作，而action指 持续，复杂的动作。使用actof cruelty,actof kindness,actof madness时 （ 后 都 是接of和 抽 象 名 词 ） 只 用act,不 用action。cruel act（ion）,foolish act（ion）等，均是 前面用形容词，更惯于使用action。act比action具体，

5、action比act扌由象，女口in word and act中word与act均是具体的，in speech andaction中，speech与action都 属由象的；练习：1we went to Can ada to travel and my cous in_as our guide.A. played B. showed C. acted D. performed2He_Hamlet very well in the play.A. acted B. acted as C. was acted D. was acted as3A trained dog can_a guide to

6、 a bli nd pers on.A. act B. act as C. act out D. act for4I acted_dea n while Mr Smith was ill.A. at B. by C. of D. for392. add的用法add添加、增加。例句：1If you add 4 to 5, you get 9四加五等于九。2If the tea is too strong, add some hot water to it.女口果茶太浓，加点开水。3He added some wood to increase the fire.他加了 些木柴，使火旺些。4I kn

7、ow, and I must add that we have a very pleasa nt relati on ship.我知道,而且我还要补充一条:我们的关系非常愉快。5Would anyone like to add anything to what rve said?有没有人要补充 我刚才所说的?短语：add in包括在内；If you add 3 to 5, you get 8 = 3 added to 5 is/ makes8 = 3 and 5 makes/ make 8 = 3 plus 5 is/ equals 8.三加上五等于 八；Thenhe added that接着

8、他又说；add up加起来；add up to加 起来总共（不用被动式）、所有这一切说明、似乎表示、意味着；add on加上、附加；add to/in addition to/ add something to增加、增多、添 加；in number/ in all/altogether总共；add .to把.增添到.用法：add既是普通用语，也是科技用语，主要指运用算术中的加法运算求出一系列数字或数量之和,广义则指把一物“加入”或“添加”到另一物中以 “增加”原物的重量、规模、总量或重要性等。add还可表 示“接着说 ”还“说”。2add用作不及物动词的情况不多。用作及物动词时，宾语可以是数字

9、；也可以是有形的东西,如糖、水等;还可以是无形的东西,如麻烦等。3add用作及物动词时的基本用法是add sth to sth或add sth,可以把addsth看作是省略了to sth,这主要用在适当的上下文中，特别是在说 话双方对tosth都很明确时。4add意为把加上去”不表达为增加”而in crease或raise表达为 增加”女口：They have decided to add20 to his wages. /They havedecided to in crease his wages to100 a mon th.5addto有”增加的意思，如：That will add t

10、o my pleasure.那样会增 加我的乐趣。6add(s) up to有 总合起来成为”或 意味着”的意思，偶尔可省掉up。 如：Everything you say adds up to justicef尔所说的一切，总合起来就是 正义。练习：1The engine of the ship was out of order and the bad weather_ thehelplessness of the crew at sea.A. added to B. resulted from C. turned out D. made up2The visit ing Mini ster

11、 expressed his satisfacti on with the talks,_ thathe had enjoyed his stay here.A. having added B. to add C. adding D. added3His giving up halfway_our difficulty.A. in creased to B. caused to C. added to D. added up4I have n ever heard of the n ames you_the list.A. added B. added up C. added to D. ad

12、ded up to5He had some no tes_ the article.A. added B. added to C. to add D. added up to6Her kindn ess_ her beauty.A. added B. added to C. added up to D. was added to393. ahead的用法ahead在前、向前。例句：1A still better tomorrow lies ahead of you.展现在你们前面的是更加美 好的未来。2The young man walked at the head of the parade

13、.那年轻人走在游行 队伍最前面。3He soon gotahead of the other runners in the race.在赛跑时，他一 到别人前面去了。4The car behind wants to getahead of us.后面那辆车想超过我们。短语：ahead of在.的前面(=in front of);ahead of time提前；goahead前进、有进展、继续于、说下去、用吧；be ahead of = better than胜过、优于；get ahead of the others走到别人的前头、超越、比 .好；get ahead with ones w工作有

14、进展、继续做某事；a week ahead前一周；be ahead in在某方面领先；ahead of schedule提前；ahead of the curve在前沿；lie ahead of摆在.的面前.；shoot ahead of疾 进突然领先；ahead of the game处于赢家的地位(早)；用法 ： 是 副 词， 不 要把 它 误认 为 是 名 词 ：正：Theresdangerahead.前面有危险。误：There isdangerinat ahead.2主要用作状语，有时也用作后置定语或表语：The road aheadwasfull of sheep.前 面 的 路 上

15、 全 是 羊。Ourteam isaheadbythree runs.我们队领先3分。3用于aheadof,注意以下用法：(1)指时间或空间的“在之前”：Heisalwaysaheadof the age.他总是走在时代的前面。Aheadofusisariver.我们前面是一条河。表示“比强(高)”(主要用作表语)：Hesaheadof me in English.他 的英语比我强。Heistwo classesahead of me.他比我高两班。(3)用 于aheadof time,意 为 “ 提 前 ” 或 “ 提 早”：Theworkwasdoneaheadoftime.工作提前完成了

16、。Hedidntwant gothereaheadof time.他不想提前去那儿。4用于goahead,注意以下用法：(1)表示同意或允许，意为“说吧”、“做吧”：A：May I start?我可以开始了吗? B：Yes,goahead.好，开始吧。(2)表示 继 续 做某 事 ， 意 为 “ 继 续 吧 ” ：Goahead,wearealllistening.继续讲吧，我们都在听呢!练习：1Tom was a quick walker and soon got _ the others, so people found ithard to follow him.A. ahead of B

17、. tired of C. along with D. interested in2Due to the bad weather, the building work was already _.A. according to schedule B. behind scheduleC. ahead of schedule D. on schedule3He is good at teaching. He is _ in teaching.A. bad B. good C. ahead D. well4He studies very hard, so he is _ others.A. ahea

18、d of B. better than C. do better D. A and B394. compliment的用法complime nt n.称赞，恭维，致意，问候，道贺;vt.称赞，褒扬，恭维；例句：1I was embarrassed by their complime nt.对他们的称赞我感至U很不 安。2I feel greatly flattered at your complime nt.我对你的称赞感到受宠 若惊。3They paid him a highcomplime nt.他们非常恭维他。4My compliments to your wife.向您的夫人致意。5H

19、e complimented her on her new dress without even looking at it.他 连看都没看一眼，就称颂她的新衣服。短语：neat compliment简洁的赞词；sincere compliment由衷的称赞；outof complime nt for出于对的敬意；complime nt about sbs new hat称赞某人的新帽子；compliment to sb向某人致敬；give/ make/ send on escomplime nt to sb向某人致意；用法：complime nt作动词，其宾语后接介词on，表示“夸奖”。如：

20、They compliment him on his courage.练习：1In spite of setbacks and_, his bus in ess was at last makingmoney.A. compliments B. predictions C. reversals D. complement2Wow! This is a marvelous room! Ive never known youre so artistic.A. Great, I am very art-conscious.B. Dont mention it.C. Thanks for your c

21、ompliments.D. Its fine.3Despite almost universal_ of the vital importanee of women sliteracy,education remains a dream for farmary women in too manycountries of the world.A.identification B.compliment C.confession D.acknowledgement4The bank is offering a_to anyone who can give informationabout the robbery.395. compress的用法compress vt压缩，摘要叙述;n.（外科）敷布；例句：1Compressthis clay into a small ball把 这块粘土压缩成一个小球。2Click the picture that you want to compress单击要压缩的图片。3Compressthis clay into a small ball.把这块粘土压缩成一个小球4A coldcompresscan alleviate your pain.冷敷能帮你减轻疼痛短语：comp