职称英语理工类A真题及答案(完整版)

1、2015职称英语理工类A真题及答案（完整版）第1部分：词汇选项（第115题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。1. I will not tolerate that sort of behavior in my class.A. control B. observe C. regulate D. accept2. She showed a natural aptitude for the work.A. sense B. talent C. flavor D. taste3. Most people find reject

2、ion hard to accept.A. excuse B. client C. refusal D. destiny4. The organization was bold enough to face the press.A. pleased B. powerful C. brave D. sensible5. They were locked in mortal combat.A. deadly B. open C. actual D. active6. We were attracted by the lure of quick money.A. amount B. supply C

3、. tempt D. sum7. The procedures were perceived as complex and less transparent.A. clear B. necessary C. special D. correct8. The Stock Exchange is in turmoil following a huge wave of selling.A. Service B. danger C. disorder D. threat9. He believes that Europe must change or it will perish. A. surviv

4、e B. last C. die D. move10. There was a simultaneous trial taking place in the next build.A. fair B. full C .coexisting D. public11. They promote assimilation of ethnic groups into the main-stream culture.A. policy B. value C .equality D. integration12. A salesman ' s cardinal rule is to satisfy

5、 customers.A. principal B. official C. simple D. legal13. I must compliment you on your handling of a very difficult situationA. silence B. praise C .assure D. complain14. We lived for years in a perpetual state of fearA. emotional B. nervous C. terrible D. Continuous15. The starving children were a

6、 pathetic sight.A. common B. unexpected C. unforgettable D. pitiful第2部分：阅读判断（第1622题，每题l分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择CoLack of Oxygen Delayed the Rise of Animals on EarthScientists have long speculated as to why animal species didn' t

7、 flourish sooner,once sufficient oxygen covered the Earth ' s surface. Animals began to prosper at the end of the Proterozoic period, about 800 million years ago- but what aboutthe billion-year stretch before that, when most researchers think there also was plenty of oxygen?Well, it seems the ai

8、r wasn t so great then, after all.In a study published Oct. 31 in Science, Yale researcher Noah Planavsky and his colleagues found that oxygen levels during the“ boring billion ” period were only0.1% of what they are today. In other words, Earth s atmosphere couldn t havesupported a diversity of cre

9、atures, no matter what genetic advancements were poised to occur.“ There is no question that genetic and ecological innovation must ultimately be behind the rise of animals, but it is equally unavoidable that animals need a certain level of oxygen, ” said Planavsky, co-lead author of the research al

10、ong with Christopher Reinhard of the Georgia Institute of Technology.“ We re providing thefirst evidence that oxygen levels were low enough during this period to potentially prevent the rise of animals. ”The scientists found their evidence by analyzing chromium (Cr) isotopes in ancient sediments fro

11、m China, Australia, Canada, and the United States. Chromium is found in the Earth s continental crust, and chromium oxidation is directly linked to the presence of free oxygen in the atmosphere.Specifically, the team studied samples deposited in shallow, iron-rich ocean areas, near the shore. They c

12、ompared their data with other samples taken from younger locales known to have higher levels of oxygen.Oxygen s role in controlling the first appearance of animals has long vexed scientists. “ We were missing the right approach until now,” Planavsky said.“ Chromium gave us the proxy. ” Previous esti

13、mates put the oxygen level at 40% of today s conditions during pre-animal times, leaving open the possibility that oxygen was already plentiful enough to support animal life.In the new study, the researchers acknowledged that oxygen levels were“ highly dynamic ” in the early atmosphere, with the pot

14、ential for occasional spikes. However, they said, “ It seems clear that there is a first-order difference in the nature of Earth surface Cr cycling ” before and after the rise of animals.“ If we are right, our results will really change how people view the origins of animals and other complex life,

15、and their relationships to the co-evolvingenvironment, ” said co-author Tim Lyons of the University of California-Riverside.“ This could be a game changer. ”“ There s a lot of interest right now in a broader discussion surrounding the role that environmental stability played in the evolution of comp

16、lex life, and we think our results are a significant contribution to that,” Reinhard said.16. The study discovered the rise of animals occurred earlier than the Proterozoic period.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned17. Many researchers believe the oxygen level was high during pre-animal times.A. Righ

17、t B. Wrong C. Not mentioned18. The team was funded by several research institutes.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned19. Genetic advancements triggered the rise of animals.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned20. The samples studied in the research were collected in ocean areas.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not

18、mentioned21. The study revealed that chromium found in Earth s continental crustremained stable before and after the rise of animals.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned22. Tim Lyons liked to play computer games in his spare time.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子（ 第 23 30 题，每题1 分，共 8

19、分 ）下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为第25 段每段选择1个最佳标题；（2）第2730题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。First Image-recognition Software1. Dartmouth researchers and their colleagues have created an artificial intelligence software that uses photos to locate documents on the Internet with far greater accuracy than e

20、ver before.2. The new system, which was tested on photos and is now being applied tovideos, shows for the first time that a machine learning algorithm （运算法则） forimage recognition and retrieval is accurate and efficient enough to improvelarge-scale document searches online. The system uses pixel （像素

21、） data in imagesand potentially video rather than just text to locate documents. It learns to recognize the pixels associated with a search phrase by studying the results fromtext-based image search engines. The knowledge gleaned （收集 ） from those resultscan then be applied to other photos without ta

22、gs or captions （图片说明）, making formore accurate document search results.3. "Over the last 30 years," says Associate Professor Lorenzo Torresani, a co-author of the study, "the Web has evolved from a small collection of mostly text documents to a modern, massive, fast-growing multimedia

23、 data set, where nearly every page includes multiple pictures or videos. When a person looks at a Web page, he immediately gets the gist （ 主旨 ） of it by looking at the pictures in it. Yet, surprisingly, all existing popular search engines, such as Google or Bing, strip away the information contained

24、 in the photos and use exclusively the text of Web pages to perform the document retrieval. Our study is the first to show that modern machine vision systems are accurate and efficient enough to make effective use of the information contained in image pixels to improve document search."4. The r

25、esearchers designed and tested a machine vision system a type ofartificial intelligence that allows computers to learn without being explicitly programmed that extracts semantic （ 语义的 ） information from the pixels of photos in Web pages. This information is used to enrich the description of the HTML

26、 page used by search engines for document retrieval. The researchers tested their approach using more than 600 search queries （查询 ）on a database of 50million Web pages. They selected the text-retrieval search engine with the best performance and modified it to make use of the additional semantic inf

27、ormation extracted by their method from the pictures of the Web pages. They found that thisproduced a 30 percent improvement in precision over the original search engine purely based on text.23. Paragraph 1 24. Paragraph 2 25. Paragraph 3 26. Paragraph 4 A. Function of the new systemB. Improvement i

28、n document retrievalC. Publication of the new discoveryD. Problems of the existing search enginesE. Popularity of the new systemF. Artificial intelligence software created27. The new system does document retrieval by .28. The new system is expected to improve precision in .29. When performing docume

29、nt retrieval the existing search engines ignore _30. The new system was found more effective in document search than the A. using photosB. description of the HTML pageC. current popular search enginesD. document searchE. information in imagesF. machine vision systems第 4 部分：阅读理解(第 31 45 题，每题3 分，共 45

30、分 )下面有 3 篇短文，每篇短文后有5 道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1 个最佳选项。第一篇 Face Masks May Not Protect from Super-FluIF a super-flu strikes, face masks may not protect you. Whether widespread use of masks will help, or harm, during the next worldwide flu outbreak is a question that researchers are studying furiously. No resul

31、ts have come from their mask research yet. However, the government says people should consider wearing them in certain situations anyway, just in case.But it s a question the public keeps asking while the government are making preparations for the next flu pandemic. So the Centers for Disease Contro

32、l and Prevention (CDC) came up with preliminary guidelines.“ We don t want peoplewearing them everywhere, ” said the CDC. “ The overall recommendation really is to avoid exposure. ”When that s not possible, the guidelines say to consider wearing a simple surgical mask if you are in one of the three

33、following situations. First, you rehealthy and can t avoid going to a crowded place. Second t you re sick and thinkyou may have close contact with the healthy, such as a family member checking on you. Third, you live with someone who s sick and thus might be in the early stages of infection, but sti

34、ll need to go out.Influenza pandemics can strike when the easy-to-mutate flu virus shifts to a strain that people never have experienced. Scientists cannot predict when the nextpandemic will arrive, although concern is rising that the Asian bird flu might trigger one if it starts spreading easily fr

35、om person to person.During the flu pandemic, you should protect yourself. Avoid crowds, and avoidclose contact with the sick unless you must care for someone. Why aren t masksadded to this self-protection list? Because they can help trap virus-laden droplets flying through the air with a cough or sn

36、eeze. Simple surgical masks only filter the larger droplets. Besides, the CDC is afraid masks may create a false sense of security.Perhaps someone who should have stayed home would don an ill-fitting mask and hop on the subway instead.Nor does flu only spread through the air. Say someone covers a sn

37、eeze with hisor her hand, then touches a doorknob or subway pole. If you touch that spot nextand then put germy hands on your nose or mouth, you ve been exposed. It sharder to rub your nose while wearing a mask and so your face may get prettysweaty under masks. You reach under to wipe that sweat, an

38、d may transfer germscaught on the outside of the mask straight to the nose. These are the problems face masks may create for their users.Whether people should or should not use face masks still remains a question.The general public has to wait patiently for the results of the mask research scientist

39、s are still doing.31. What is the passage mainly about?A. Widespread use of face masks. B. Possibility of a worldwide flu outbreakC. New discoveries of a face mask research. D. Effectiveness of wearing face masks32. The CDC suggests that peopleA. stay alone when being sick. B. wear face masks when g

40、oing to a crowded place.C. wear face masks wherever possible. D. remain at home if living with someone who s sick.33. The word "that" in Paragraph 3 refers toA. making preparations. B. avoiding exposureC. coming up with guidelines. D. wearing face masks everywhere.34. Which of the followin

41、g statements is true?A. Scientists warn the next flu is coming soon.B. Asian bird flu is spreading easily from person to person.C. Masks protect people because they keep viruses away.D. Masks are not effective if a flu strikes.35. One of the concerns the CDC has is thatA .masks may give people a wro

42、ng assumption of being safe.B. the sick may not wear masks and go out.C. flu virus may spread via public transportation.D. healthy people may not know how to protect themselves.第二篇 What s killing the BatsFirst it was bees. Now it is bats. Biologists in America are working hard to discover the cause

43、of the mysterious deaths of tens of thousands of bats in the northeastern part of the country. Most of the bats affected are the common little brown bats （Myotis lucifugus,） but other species, such as the long-eared bat, the small-footed hat, the eastern pipistrelle, and the Indiana bat have also be

44、en affected. In some caves, more than 90 percent of the bat populations have died.One possibility is disease. A white fungus （ 真菌 ）known as fusarium has been found on the noses of both living and dead bats. However, scientists don't know If the fungus is the primary cause of death, a secondary c

45、ause of death, or not a cause at all, but the result of some other conditions.Another possible cause is a lack of food. For example, bats typically eat a large number of moths （ 蛾 ）, and in some states such as New York, the number of moths has been declining in recent years. If bats can t eat enough

46、 food, they starve to death.Still other scientists believe that global warming is to blame. Warmertemperatures in recent years have been waking up hibernating （冬眠 ）bats earlierthan usual. If bats break their hibernation at the wrong time, they might not find their expected food sources. The weather

47、might also turn cold again and weaken or kill the bats.Scientists might not agree on the causes of the bat die-off, but they do agree on the consequences. Bats are an important predator of mosquitoes; a single brown bat can eat 1,000 or more insects in an hour. They also eat beetles and otherinsects

48、 that damage plant crops. If there aren't enough bats, damage will be greatfrom the insects they eat While bats live a long time for their size一 the littlebrown bat can live for more than 30 years一 a female bat has only one baby peryear, so bat populations grow slowly. Many bat species in the Un

49、ited States are already protected or endangered.How can you help? Do not disturb sleeping or nesting bats. If you discover bate that seem to be sick or that are dead, contact your local Fish& Wildlife Department with the details. However, be careful not to touch the animals.36. What is the main

50、idea of this passage?A. All species of bats in North America are dying.B. Scientists already know the cause of the deaths of batsC. The bat deaths are a serious problem.D. There are many possible causes of the deaths of bats.37. What does the first sentence in Paragraph 1 mean?A. Bees have been dyin

51、g mysteriously.B. The first article on the website is about bees.C. Bees usually die before bats.D. It was bees that caused the deaths of bats.38. The word “ pipistrelle" in Paragraph 1 refers toA. a kind of fungus. B. an area in the U.S. C. a special cave. D. a kind of bat.39. The "moths&

52、quot; in Paragraph 3 are taken as an example ofA. diseases that kill bats. B. Insects that bats eat.C. animals that have diseases. D. bat species that are starving to death.40. What is the purpose of the last paragraph?A. To get people to stop killing bats. B. To hire workers for the Fish & Wild

53、lifeDepartment.C. To ask people not to touch dead bats. D. To tell the public how to help bats.第三篇 Better Solar Energy Systems: More Heat, More LightSolar photovoltaic thermal energy systems, or PVTs, generate both heat andelectricity, but until now they haven t been very good at the heat-generating

54、 part compared to a stand-alone solar thermal collector. That s because they operate atlow temperatures to cool crystalline silicon solar cells, which lets the silicon generate more electricity but isn t a very efficient way to gather heat.That s a problem of economics. Good solar hot-water systems

55、can harvestmuch more energy than a solar-electric system at a substantially lower cost. And its also a space problem ： photovoltaic cells can take up all the space on the roof, leaving little room for thermal applications.In a pair of studies, Joshua Pearce, an associate professor of materials scien

56、ceand engineering, has devised a solution in the form of a better PVT made with adifferent kind of silicon. His research collaborators are Kunal Girotra fromThinSilicon in California and Michael Pathak and Stephen Harrison from Queen sUniversity, Canada.Most solar panels are made with crystalline si

57、licon， but you can also makesolar cells out of amorphous silicon, commonly known as thin-film silicon. Theydon t create as much electricity, but they are lighter, flexible, and cheaper. And, because they require much less silicon, they have a greener footprint.Unfortunately ， thin-film silicon solar

58、 cells are vulnerable to some bad-news physics in the form of the Staebler-Wronski effect.“ That means that their efficiency drops when you expose them to lightpretty much the worst possible effect for a solar cell,” Pearce explains ， which is oneof the reasons thin-film solar panels make up only a small fraction of the market.However, Pearce and his team found a way to engineer around theStaebler-Wronski effect by incorporating thin-f