8上语法专项unit5动词不定式的应用

1、动词不定式用法及练习动词不定动式是一种非谓语动词形式，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语，但可以作除谓语之外的其它任何句子成分（主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语）；动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，同时还保持动词的某些特点，既可以有自己的宾语和状语，动词不定式和它的宾语和状语构成不定式短语。一、 构成：to do .否定式 not to do二、 常见时态：一般时 to do 进行时 to be doing 完成式 to have done完成进行式 to have been doing三、动词不定式在句子中的成分1、作句子的主语：现实中常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语动

2、词不定式（或短语）后置。比较下列句子To learn from your friends is important.=It is important to learn from your friends . To leave without saying goodbye is impolite.= It is impolite to leave without saying goodbye. 句型总结l It is + adj. + of sb. to do= sb. isare +adj. +to do在以某些表示人的品质、特征等的形容词（如kind、good、nice、wrong、clev

3、er、right等）作表语时，不定式之前常加一个引起的短语，说明不定式指的是谁的情况。（可以理解为某人的好，坏，聪明，愚蠢，对，错等等）It is very kind of you to help me. Its not polite of him to speak to old people like that.l It is + adj. + for sb. to do sb. isare +adj. +to do如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的，则在不定式前加一个for引起的短语，即不定式的逻辑主语。It is necessary for us to study hard. It is

4、 easy for him to speak English.2、作句子的表语：不定式放在be 动词后面，用作表语如：Her dream is to be a policeman. My job is to help the patient. 3、作句子的宾语：不定式放在及物动词后，用作宾语。能跟不定式作宾语的动词（及物）很多，常见的有want, like, hate, wish, hope, prefer, try, ask, start, begin, decide, learn, choose, agree, expect, remember, forget, plan, decide,

5、 would like, need, choose, agree, promise, refuse, set out, manage, pretend,I want to go home.The workers demanded to get better pay.注意1：动词不定式作宾语时如带有宾语补足语，则要把不定式放在后面，用it作形式主语，构成“主语+动词+it+宾补（形容词、名词）+不定式”结构I found it necessary to talk to him again.I found it important to learn English.I fond it diffic

6、ult to learn physics.注意2：常用带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有want, ask, tell, order, get, wish, allow, invite, teach, encourage, beg, 等。构成“vt,+sb.+(not)to do sth.”结构。The teacher told us to read the text.He asked me not to tell you the news.注意3：不定式作宾补省去 to 的情况(在被动语态中则to 不能省掉)常用省去to的动词不定式作补足语的动词有：“一感（feel）、二听（hear,

7、listen to）、三让（make, let, have）、五看（look at, see, watch, notice, observe）”help 可带to，也可不带to help sb (to) do sthI made him to do his work. .-make sb.do sth.Please listen to me to sing this song again.-listen to sb.do sth.I felt someone to open my door.-fell sb.do sth.The boss made the girl to work ten h

8、our a day.-make sb.do sth.You must watch me to do everything-watch sb.do sth.被动语to要加上He was made to do his work (by me)They are made to work for 12 hours a day.He was heard to speak in the next room.4、作句子的定语：不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面作后置定语。如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词.I want to get something to read during the

9、 holiday.He is looking for a room to live in .-live是不及物动词There is nothing for us to worry about.-worry是不及物动词5、作句子的状语：动词不定式位于不及物动词之后作状语，可作目的、结果、原因状语。She came here to borrow an English book.（目的）Lets stop to have a rest.She is too young to go to school.（结果）He runs fast enough to catch a horse.Im sorry

10、to make you wait here so long.（原因）He is old enough to go to school . 结果六、带疑问词的不定式短语动词不定式前面可以带疑问代词what, which, who或疑问副词how, when, where, why等。这种结构起名词的作用，在句子里用作宾语、主语、表语等，或者单独使用。要注意的是，why后面的不定式不带to。例如：I dont know what to try next. （作宾语） Where to go is not decided yet.（作主语）注意：单独使用时相当于一个特殊疑问句。 What to do

11、 next?(=What will we / you do next?) Why go there?(=Why do we / you go there?)在与why连用时，只用于why或why not开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to。 Why not have a rest?How to do it is a problem.(=How we should do it.)I dont know what to buy for you.8上unit5语法专项：动词不定式的用法一、选择1.My teacher was made _ his teaching because of

12、poor health.A. giving up B. to give up C. give up D. given up2.The sentence wants _ once more.A. explained B. to explain C. being explained D. explaining3.The Arctic is considered _ the northern part of the Atlantic.A. having been B. to have been C. to be D. being4.The Emperor ordered the wonderful

13、cloth _ for him without delay.A. to have woven B. to be woven C. to be weaving D. to weave5.I found the German language hard _.A. learned B. learning C. to be learned D. to learn6.The light in the office is still on. - Oh, I forgot _.A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turne

14、d it off7.-How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? -The key _ the problem is to meet the demand _ by the customers.A. to solving, making B. to solving, made C. to solve, making D. to solve, made8. -What do you think of the school? -It is a very good _.A. school t

15、o study in B. school for children to studyC. studying school D. school to study9. -Did you get a job? - No, I _ , but its no use.A. expected B. tried to C. managed to D. planned10.We find it impossible for the work _ ahead of time.A. to finish B. finishing C. being finished D. to be finished11.-I us

16、ually go to Shanghai by train. -Why not _ there by boat for a change?A. to try to go B. try going C. to try going D. try to go 12._ a living, she had to work from morning till night.A. To make B. Made C. Making D. To have made13. I would rather starve to death than _ for food.A. beg B. begging C. be

17、gged D. to beg14.The boy pretended _ when his mother entered.A. reading B. to read C. to be reading D. being read二、选择1. Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in.A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying2. The purpose of new technologies is t

18、o make life easier, _ it more difficult.A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. dont make3. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job.A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects4. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether

19、 they will enjoy it.A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. see5. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows _.A. it what to do with B. what to do with it C. what to do it with D. to do what with it6. The mother didnt know _ to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.A. who B. when C. how D. why 7. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard. A. learn B. to lea