高三英语句子的基本成分和五种基本句型 综合练习

1、精锐教育学科教师辅导讲义讲义编号11gz2yy006784学员编号：gz2wql511 年 级：高三 课次数/课时进度：3（27/36）学员姓名：李洋阳 辅导科目：英语 学科教师：陈桂冰学科组长签名及日期白梅2011/4/5课 题句子的主要成分和五种基本句型授课时间：2011-4-7备课时间： 2011-4-4教学目标1. 增大词汇量2. 写出正确的句子重点、难点1. 如何记忆单词2. 句子成分以及其位置考点及考试要求1. 语言的综合运用能力2. 培养良好的学习习惯教学内容Part 1 Homework Checking & RevisionPart 2 Sentence Struct

2、ures一：句子成分摸底测试一指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!5. They went hunting together early in the morning.二判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：1. We often study Chinese history on Friday af

3、ternoon.2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.3. There is a chair in this room, isnt there?4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.二：基本语法概述句子成分句子的基本成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、补语句子的附加成分主

4、要有：定语、状语For example: My brother teaches English at a school. 主语 谓语 宾语 状语1. 主语：一句话的主体，英语句子中不可或缺的成分，是全句述说的对象。常由名词或相当于名词的词担任位于句首。找出下面句子的主语部分Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.He is interested in music.Whom did you give my book to?What I want to tell you is this.The days get longer and longer when

5、 summer comes.The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. 200yuan is not too much money.你知道哪些词可以用来充当主语吗？2. 谓语：说出主语的动作或状态的由动词担任，位于主语之后。找出下面句子的谓语：There is an old man coming here.The useful dictionary was given by my mother

6、last year.Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.We had better send for a doctor.He is interested in music.My brother hasn't done his homework.You will find it useful after you leave school.You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.你觉得谓语动词有哪几种？3.宾语：及物动词的动作对象和介词所联系的对象，常由名词或相当于名词的词担任，位于动

7、词或介词之后。请找出下面的宾语： How many new words did you learn last class?Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?Every night he heard the noise upstairs.I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!He asked her to take the boy out o

8、f school.Whom did you give my book to?你觉得宾语有什么样的特点？Exercise用符号划出下列短文各句中的主语（）、谓语（）、宾语（）：I hope you are very well. I'm fine, but tired. Right now it is the summer vacation and I'm helping my Dad on the farm. August is the hottest month here. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so ever

9、y day I work from dawn until dark. Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat. We have a lot of machines on the farm. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for

10、 him. But he employs more men for the harvest. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden. It doesn't often rain in the summer here. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden. Every evening we pump water from a well. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden.4.状语：修

11、饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句，常由副词或相当于副词的词组担任； 可置于动词之前或之后，只能置于形容词或副词之前。There was a big smile on her face.Every night he heard the noise upstairs.He began to learn English when he was eleven.The man on the motorbike was traveling too fast.She loves the library because she loves books.With the medicine box under her

12、 arm, Miss Li hurried off.My father bought a new bike for me last week.I usually go to school by bus.你知道状语有哪几种吗？Examples: Brown is a teacher.It is fine today五、表语：表述主语的身份或特征的常由名词或形容词担任，置于连系动词之后。请指出下面的表语部分：There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.To do today's homework without the tea

13、cher's help is very difficult.She was the first to learn about it.I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it.It seems to rain tomorrow.The bread you bought yesterday has gone bad.The leaves turn yellow when autumn comes.如何有效地寻找表语？Examples: The parents named their baby Tony. We e

14、lected Joyce to be the chief monitor. He often makes his sister cry.六、补语：用来补充主语和宾语的意义，一般都着重说明主语或宾语的身份或特征。我们常常把表语称之为主语补语，而用来说明宾语的身份和特征的部分称为宾语补足语。你能找出下面的宾语补足语吗？ She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.He asked her to take the boy out of school.She found it difficult to

15、do the work.Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?I saw Mr Wang get on the bus.They call me Lily sometimes.你觉得如何才能有效地找到宾语补足语？Examples: Jane is a beautiful girl. John had a great desire to travel. Children who live by the sea usually begin to swim at an early age.七、定语：限定或修饰名

16、词或相当于名词的词，常由形容词或相当于形容词的短语或从句担任。形容词位于名词之前，短语或从句置于名词之后。请找出下面的定语部分：The man downstairs was trying to sleep.How many new words did you learn last class?What is your given name?The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.People all over the world speak English.I am waiting for the sound of the

17、other shoe!定语的作用是什么？一般位于什么位置？Exercise用符号划出下列短文各句中的定语（）、状语（）、补语（）：Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time. These parties often make us very happy. We cook meat on an open fire outside. It's great! Americans eat a lot of meat too much in my opinion. Some of my friends drink b

18、eer. I don't, because I have to drive home after the party. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States. There are five different time areas in the States. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time. How many different time areas do you have in China? Well

19、, I must stop and get some sleep. Please give my best regards to your parents. Part 3 Practice -Sentence Structures ( )1. _ will leave for Beijing.A. Now there the man B. The man here nowC. The man who is here now D. The man is here now( ) 2. The weather _.A. wet and cold B. is wet and coldC. not we

20、t and coldD. were wet and cold( ) 3. The apple tasted _.A. sweets B. sweetly C. nicely D. sweet( ) 4. He got up _ yesterday morning.A. lately B. late C. latest D. latter( )5. The actor _at the age of 70.A. dead B. died C. dyed D. deaded( )6. _ were all very tired, but none of _ would stop to take a

21、rest.A. We, us B. Us, we C. We, our D. We, we( )7. He found the street much _.A. crowd B. crowding C. crowded D. crowdedly( ) 8.I think _necessary to learn English well.A. its B. it C. that D. that is( ) 9. The dog _ mad.A. looks B. is looked C. is being looked D. was looked2. 阅读理解One of the best-kn

22、own American writers of childrens books is Alfred Strong, or Doctor Strong, as he is better known to readers everywhere. Now, an art show called “Doctor Strong From Then to Now” is travelling around the United States. The pictures and drawings show the history of Doctor Strong.Doctor Strong first be

23、came famous almost fifty years ago when his first childrens book was published. Since then, he has written forty-five books that have sold more than one hundred million copies around the world.Doctor Strongs books are known for their easy use of words and colorful, hand-drawn pictures. These drawing

24、s bring life to his imaginary creatures. The Cat in the Hat, Horton the Elephant, The Grinch Who Stole Christmas, and hundreds of others.The San Diego Museum, in California, organized the art show. It included about three hundred Doctor Strongs original(最早的) drawings and some of his writings.Most of

25、 Doctor Strongs books, although written in a funny way, have serious messages. For example, in Mc Elligots Pool, he describes the danger of pollution. He discusses the arms race in The Butter Battle Book, written in nineteen eighty-four.Doctor Strong is almost eighty-four years old now. He says he n

26、ever planned to write stories just for children. He says he writes stories that interest people of all ages. He says he uses easy words so that everyone, even a child, can understand. 1. Alfred Strong is a famous _ in the United States.A. doctor B. artist C. writer D. reader2. Doctor Strong first be

27、came famous in _.A. his eighties when an art show was travelling around the United StatesB. his fifties when his drawings and writings were publishedC. nineteen eighty-four when his book MeEligots Pool was publishedD. his thirties when his first book was published 3. Doctor Strongs books are very po

28、pular in America because _.A. they are stories about animals such as cats, elephants and so onB. they are written in easy words with colourful picturesC. he organized the art show in California D. they are written in a funny way4. His purpose in writing many such books is_. A. to show his original p

29、ictures and drawings B. to organize a special art show of his ownC. to make his readers laugh or smile when they read his booksD. not only to interest people but to expose (uncover) some serious social problemsPart 4五种基本句型句子是由主语、谓语动词、表语、宾语、宾语补足语等组成的，依其组合方式可分为五种基本句型，如下表所示：种类句型主语S谓语动词谓语动词V表语P宾语O宾语补足语O

30、C第一种S+VWework,第二种S+V+OHeplaysthe piano第三种S+V+PWearestudents 第四种S+V+间接宾语+直接宾语Shegaveme a pen第五种S+V+O+OCHemadethe boylaugh一、 第一种句型：主语+不及物动词：S+VBirds fly.主语 谓语（不及物动词）He runs in the park.主语谓语地点状语Class begins. (begin 在句中是不及物动词)（一）主谓结构（主语不及物动词）1. 你应当努力学习。2. 她昨天回家很晚。 3. 那天早上我们谈了很多。4. 会议将持续两个小时。 5. 在过去的十年里，

31、我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。 二、第二种句型：主语+及物动词+宾语：S+V+OMy father read the book.主语谓语（及物动词） 宾语有宾语的动词是及物动词，可当宾语者有名词和名词的相当语（代词、不定式、动名词。）She likes English. (名词作宾语)I know him very well.（代词作宾语）同第一种句型一样，本句型可以有状语、定语修饰They want to go. (不定式作宾语)He stopped writing. (动名词作宾语)（二）主谓宾结构（主语及物动词宾语）1. 昨晚我写了一封信。 2. 今天下午我想同你谈谈。 3. 这本书他读

32、过多次了。4. 他们成功地完成了计划。 5. 你们必须在两周内看完这些书。 三、第三种句型：主语+系动词+表语：S+V+PHe became a scientist.主语 谓语（系动词） 表语Be动词和become上英语中常见的系动词，后面必须接表语，才能用来说明主语，表示是，.变成.的意思。表语通常是名词或形容词。They are honest.His face goes red.He became a scientist.It grew dark.（三）主系表结构（主语系动词表语 ）1. 我的兄弟都是大学生。 2. 冬季白天短，夜晚长。 3. 布朗夫人看起来很健康。 4. 十五岁他就成为有

33、名的钢琴家了。 5. 孩子们，请保持安静。 6. 这本书是有关美国历史的书。 4. 十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。 四、第四种句型：主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语He gave Tom a present.主语谓语（及物） 宾（间） 宾（直接）Give it to me谓（及物） 宾（直接） 宾（间接）（四）双宾语结构（主语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语 ）1Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。  2. 奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。  3. Mary把钱包交给校长了。 4. 请把那本字典递给我好吗？ 5. 他把车票给列车员看。  五、第五种句型：主语

34、+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语=S+V（及物）+O+OCWe call her Connie.主谓（及物） 宾语 宾补（名词）1.在某些及物动词后面，需要用一个宾语再加一个宾语的补语才能表达完整的意思，这样宾语和宾语补足语称为复合宾语。名词、形容词和不定式都可以作为宾语补足语。They made her happy.主 谓（及） 宾 宾补（形容词）I saw her dance.主 谓 宾语 宾补（不定式）2.常跟复合宾语的动词有： call ,name ,make ,think ,find ,leave.I will make you captain.I found the movie int

35、eresting.He left the window open.（五）复合宾语结构（主语及物动词宾语宾语补足语）1我们叫她Alice. 2. 他的父母给他取名为John. 3. 我们大家都认为他是诚实的。 4. 他们把门推开了。 5. 他们把小偷释放了。 6. 我们要使学校变得更美丽。 Exercise（六）There be 句型1. 今晚没有会。 2. 这个村子过去只有一口井。 3. 这个学校有一名音乐老师和一名美术老师。 4. 客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人。 5. 天气预报说下午有大风。 6. 灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。 8. 恰好那时房里没人。 9. 从前，在海边的一个村子里住着一

36、位老渔夫。 10. 公共汽车来了。 11. 就只剩下二十八美元了。 14. 二月份有二十八天。 15. 最近几年,这个村庄发生了巨大的变化。 16. 恰好河上有座桥。17. 过去这条河上有座桥。 18. 他的回答应该没有什么可怀疑的。 完形填空I can still remember when I met my best friendShe had just moved into the neighborhood and her grandmother brought her down to 1 meI hid behind my motherland she hid behind her g

37、randmother， 3 to look at each otherSoon we lost the 2 and started playing with each otherIn the 7th grade，I first lost touch with herShe was 4 family problems and I deserted her to be with the because they knew she had 5 peopleNone of my new friends liked her as much as I did because they knew she h

38、ad 6 However，every summer we could always sit at each others house and watch soap operas，and talk about all the boys we likedIt was last year when I noticed the problemI guess I was too devoted in high school to 7 she needed someone there for herAnyway，she made a new best friend and so did IThen 1 d

39、idnt know why，but she started cutting herself!She then was diagnosed（诊断）with clinical depressionAt first，1 was very 8 ，but we still stayed in 9 I wanted to be there for her since her new best friend basically 10 her and people were calling her 11 Yesterday she came to me and said：“I never knew what

40、a best friend was until you were the only person that would stop me cuttingI 12 you so much，and you didnt even know you were 13 me”We both criedAnd I guess a kind of 14 from my life so far is never to give up on your friendsEven if they arent as cool as others，or people think they are crazy，they nee

41、d someone thereIf you desert them，you will only be 15 yourself. 1AfollowBmeetCjoinDsupport 2AscaredBannoyedCworriedDdelighted 3AtemperBinterestCconfidenceDshyness 4Ataking upBgetting throughCgoing throughDmaking up 5AhappierBcoolerCstrongerDcleverer 6AproblemsBshortcomingsCpartnersDdisabilities 7AadmitBacceptCconsiderDrealize 8AcalmBconsiderateCupsetDhelpful 9AplaceBtouchCcontrolDmood1