非谓语的用法的总结

1、非谓语动词的用法总结李靖非谓语动词（不定式、动名词、分词）不是真正意义上的谓语动词，在句中都不能单独作谓语。但都具有动词的某些特点， 可以有自己的宾语或状语， 构成非谓语动词短语。 不定式表目的，表将来；动名词表主动，表进行；过去分词表被动，表完成。一作主语 ( 动名词、不定式、过去分词前面加being,动名词做主语谓语动词用单数 )1）不定式、动名词都可做主语，但是动名词做主语多指抽象的概念性的动作，可以是多次的经常的行为；不定式多表示具体的动作，尤其是某一次的动作。如：Playingwith fire is dangerous.玩火危险。（泛指玩火）To play withfire wil

2、l be dangerous.玩火会发生危险。2）用动名词做主语的句型 :It s no use/no good/pleasure doing sth做.没有用处 / 好处/ 乐趣Its a waste of time doing sth做.浪费时间It is worth doing sth值得做某事It is no use crying over spilt milk.覆水难收It is worth making an appointment before you go.去之前预约一下是值得的。3）不定式做主语的句型 .It is + adj +for sb to do sth.比较：表示人

3、的品质时只能用of sb如considerate/kind/nice/foolish/stupid/rude/cruel/wise/clever/brave/selfish/crazy/good/careful/careless/impolite/right/wrong 等单词出现时。It is silly of you to say so.It is important for us to learn English well.Itis a must/ a necessityforus to have a good commandof the English language.4) “Wh-

4、 + to 不定式”可做主语。 如：When to leave hasn t been decided yet.什么时候动身还没定呢。Whether to drive or take the trainis still a problem.是自驾车还是乘火车仍是一个问题。5） 一般情况下，不定式和动名词作主语，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如：Seeing is believing.= To see is to believe眼见为实。.Planting flowers needs constant watering.但 and 连接的多个动名词作主语，谓语动词大多用复数（如果前后动名词的语义一致，

5、谓语一般用单数）。如： Lying and stealing are immoral.说谎与盗窃是不道德的。6) 动名词前面可以加上形容词性物主代词构成动名词的复合结构。 如：- What made him angry?-Marys /My/His/Her /Their/ The boys/ The presidents being late（made him angry.7）过去分词不能单独做主语，前面必须加上being ，构成动名词，做主语。如：Being exposed to the sunis harmful to the skin.1Being examined twice a ye

6、ar ,whether it is a car, a bus or a truck, is therule that every driver must obey in this city.经典练习：1. It s important for the figures_ (update) regularly.2.No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when its better_(remain) silent.3.It s really stupid of you _ （tell）him the news yesterda

7、y so it hasbeen disturbing him all the time.4. _(understand)your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.5._(worry) about your grades doesnt help .6. The engine just won t start. Something seems _ (go) wrong with it.参考答案： 1. to update 2

8、. to remain 3. to have told 4. understanding 5.worrying 6.to go改错题：一个句子最多有一处错误1.It s standardpracticefor a companylike thisone employ a security officer.2.Hear how othersreacttothe book you have justread creates an added pleasure.3.Knowbasic first-aidtechniques will help you respond quickly to emerg

9、encies.4. Do well in an interview will be an important part of getting a place atuniversity.5.He told us whether have a picnic was still under discussion.6.How prevent them from swimming in this river is a problem.参考答案： 1. 在 employ 前加 to 2. Hear改为 Hearing3. Know改为 Knowing4. Do改为 Doing5. have前加 to6.

10、prevent前加 to.二. 作定语1）作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词， 或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面需要有相应的介词，如：The Browns have a comfortable houseto live in2) 用不定式作定语的几种情况：a. 不定式表将来如： The car to be bought is for his sister.b.用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all, any， the only等限定的中心词，且与中心词为逻辑上的主动关系 ,如：He was the best manto do the job.She was th

11、e first womanto win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.c. 有些名词的同根词常跟不定式， 因而它们也常跟不定式做定语， 常见的有：promise, plan, attempt, offer, decision, refusal, failure, ability, chance, warning, anxiety,eagerness, willingness, readiness等I don t trust his promise to come for a visit.He said he had no plan to go ther

12、e.He made an attempt to stand up.Birdssinging is sometimes a warning to other birds to stay away.23) 前置定语： V+ing 可以表示正在进行， 也可以表示特征； 过去分词表示已经完成或状态请区别下面短语 ：the boiling/ boiled water.正沸腾的水 ( 表正在进行 )/ 白开水（表完成）a good-looking flower.一朵好看的花儿（表特征）the developing countries/ the developed countries发展中国家 / 发达国家

13、the falling leaves / the fallen leaves正在下落的叶子 / 落叶the remaining money/ the money left剩下的钱注意：英语中有些表示感觉的动词，其现在分词形式表示“令人感到 . 的”，过去分词形式表示“感到 . 的”如：an exciting voice一个令人兴奋的声音an excited voice一个兴奋的声音a puzzling expression一个令人困惑的表情a puzzled expression一个困惑的表情4）区别下列后置定语的用法：to be done表示被动、将来；done 表示被动、完成；being

14、done表示被动、正在进行；v+ing表示主动；动词的系表结构直接去掉动词be;如果是不及物动词或者是感官系动词sound/taste/ feel/ smell/ look和变化系动词就只有用 V+ing 形式。Have you read the novelwrittenby Dickens?Listen! The songbeing sungis very popular with students.The questionto be discussedat tomorrows meeting is a very important one.The foodtasting delicious

15、sells well.注意：不定式在后置定语中只表示将来，不表目的；having dong 或者 having been done 一般用在状语中，不可以做后置定语，过去分词本身就表被动和完成。请完成下面的练习1.There are many people _ (wait) outside the hall.2.There are many problems _ ( remain) to be solved.3.The flowers _ (smell) sweet attract a lot of people.4.There are many people _ (invite) to th

16、e party.5.The film, _ (set) in the 19th century, won the medal.6.The meeting_(hold) now is of great importance.7.The meeting_(hold) yesterday was of great importance.8.The meeting _ (hold) tomorrow is of great importance.9.He is always the first_ (come) and the last _ (leave).10.He is the only perso

17、n _(know) the truth.11.He was the best _ (do) the job.13. A great number of students _(question)said they were forced to practicethe piano.14. John has reallygot the job because he showed me the officialletter_(offer)it to him.315. After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the

18、 envelope_ (provide)16. Birds singing is sometimes a warning to other birds _(stay) away.17. The room is empty except for a bookshelf_（stand ）in one corner.18. Laura was away in Paris for over a week. When she got home, there was a pile of mail_(wait) for her.19. They might justhave a place _ (leave

19、)on the writingcourse why dont yougive it a try?20. In some languages, 100 words make up half of all words _(use) in daily conversations.21. Volunteering gives you a chance _ (change) lives, including your own.参考答案：1.waiting 2.remaining3.smelling4.invited5. set 6.beingheld 7.held8.to be held 9. to c

20、ome 10. to leave 11.to know 12.to do 13. questioned 14. offering 15. provided 16. to stay 17. standing 18. waiting 19. left20. used 21. to leave 22. to change三 . 作表语 ( 不定式 / 动名词 / 过去分词都可以做表语 )1. 动名词作表语表示抽象的概念性的动作，可以是多次的经常性的行为；不定式多表示具体的动作，尤其是某一次的动作 例如：比较下列区别His favorite sport is swimming. (泛指游泳 )Your

21、 task today is to wash the curtains.( 指一次具体的工作 )2 .excited/disappointed/frightened/pleased/satisfied/interested/puzzled/tired 感到 exciting/disappointing/frightening/pleasing/satisfying/interesting/puzzling/tiring令人 .He is moved by the moving movie.The film is moving.It is a pleasant trip.（pleasant做前置

22、定语）The trip is pleasing.（pleasing做 表语）3. 注意下列表达方式： My bag is missing/ lost/ gone. I find my bag missing/lost/gone.4. remain 的表语1) remain to be done仍需去做 / 有待于 One problem remians to be solved.It remians to be seenwhether the operation was successful.2) remain 做“仍然是”讲时，可用名词， adj ，介词，现在分词或者过去分词作表语He re

23、mained stuck (滞留) abroadPeter became a manager, but Jackremained a worker.Whatever achievements you ve made, you shouldremain modest.无论你取得多么大的成就，你都该保持谦虚。He had to remain in hospitaluntil he was better.他不得不一直住院直到身体好些。This solid stone，square tower hadremained standingfor one thousand years.4The guests

24、 came in, but she remained sitting/seated at the desk reading. 客人们都来了，但她还坐在写字台旁读书。As before, heremained unmoved. 他和以往一样无动于衷。注意： 1）用作不及物动词，意思是“剩下；剩余；遗留” ，此时不能用进行时态，也没有被动语态。After the fire, very little remained of his house.火灾过后，他的家所剩无几。2) remaining 是形容词 , 意为“剩余的” , 常作前置定语；而 left 则只能作后置定语。例如：There are

25、still some apples left.还剩余一些苹果。I bought a gift for her with the remaining money.我用剩余的钱给她买了一件礼物。3) remain 作名词时表示“剩余物” , 一般用其复数形式。 例如：The archeologists found some remains of the Song Dynasty.考古学家发现了一些宋代遗迹。5. 1) 主语 + seem +(to be )+表语，表语多为名词或形容词Tom seems (to be ) a very clever boy.汤姆看上去是一个非常聪明的男孩。The m

26、an over there seems to be a new teacher.那边的那个人看上去像一个新老2) 主语+ seem to do sthbe doing sthhave done sthMrs. Green doesn t seem ( 或 seems not ) to like the idea.格林夫人似乎不太喜欢这个主意。The children seemed to be eating something in the room.孩子们好像正在房间里吃东西呢。The young man seemed to have changed much.这个年轻人看起来变化很大。6.

27、当不定式用作表语时，其中的 to 原则上是不能省略的。如：His aim is to do two years work in one.他的目标是一年干两年的工作。但有一种例外，那就是当主语部分有动词do 的某种形式时，用作表语的不定式可以省略to 。如：What you first do is (to) mix the egg with flour.你先得把鸡蛋和面粉和好。All I did was (to) touch the window, and it broke.我只不过碰了一下窗户，玻璃就碎了经典练习1. My worry is your _ (rely) too much on

28、your parents.2. Please remain _ (seat); the winner of the prize will be announced soon.3. For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are important in staying_( connect)答案： 1.relying2.seated3.connected四. 作宾语 ( 不定式和动名词都可以作宾语 )51. 只能用动名词作宾语的动词和短语考虑、建议和原谅，承认、推迟没得想像避免、继续练

29、，否认完成停感谢不禁止介意准逃亡consider （考虑） ;advise/suggest/propose/recommend(建议 ); excuse/pardon(原谅) ；admit/acknowledge( 承认 ) ；delay/postpone/put off(推迟); imagine/fancy(想像) ；avoid（避免）； practise （练习） ;deny( 否认);finish(完成); appreciate/acknowledge(感谢);forbid (禁止); mind(介意); escape(逃脱 ) ；此外，这些动词也跟动名词：miss（错过）；enjoy（

30、享受）；risk( 冒险 ) ；tolerate/bear/stand/putup with(容忍) ；quit （停止） advocate （提倡）； resist（抵制） understand （理解）；allow/permit(允许 )短语：feel like doing sth（喜欢做某事 ; give up doing (放弃做某事 ); keep doing(不停的做某事); be busy doing sth; cant help doing sth（情不自禁） ; be worth doing sth (值得做某事) ；have difficulty/troubledoing

31、sth( 做.有困难 / 麻烦); have a hard/good timedoing sth做.很开心 / 不开心 ; have fun doing sth做 .很开心 succeed in doing sth成功做某事句型：It is no use/good /pleasure doing sth做.没有用处 / 好处 / 乐趣There is no point in doing sth= There is no need to do sth没必要做某事It s a waste of time doing sth做.浪费时间It is worthwhile doing/ to do st

32、h = be worthy to be done= be worthy of being done= beworth doing sth值得做某事2. 只能用不定式作宾语的动词决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish, refuse, manage, care, pretend,offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask/beg, help,(afford, strive, happen, wait, threaten 口诀之外的单词 )She

33、 pretended not to see me when I passed by.We agreed to meet here but so far she hasnt turned up yet.3. forget ，go on，mean， regret ，remember，stop ，try 等动词或词组可带动名词或不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别。forget to do sth _ forget doing sth _go on to do sth _go on doing sth _mean to do sth_ mean doing sth_regret to say/tell/in

34、form/announce_regret doing sth/having done_remember to do sth_ remember doing sth_stop to do sth_ stop doing sth_6try to do sth_ try doing sth_cant help (to) do sth _ cant help doing sth _cant help but do sth =cant but do sth _sb used to do sth _ sb be used to doing sth _sth be used to do sth _be af

35、raid to do sth不敢做某事be afraid of doing sth担心发生某事be sure to do sth一定会 .be sure of doing sth确信会 .Let s go on studying Lesson 6.（让我们继续学第六课。说明前面已学了一部分。）Let s go on to study Lesson 6.（让我们接着学第六课。说明前面已学了第五课。）I remember doing the exercise.（我记得做过练习。）I must remember to do it.（我必须记着做这事。）I tried not to go there.

36、（我设法不去那里。）I tried doing it again.（我试着又干了一次。）Stop speaking.（不要讲话。）He stopped to talk.（他停下来讲话。）I mean to come early today.（我打算今天早些来。）Missing the train means waiting for another hour.（误了这趟火车意味着再等一个小时）4. 在 allow ，advise ，forbid ，permit 等动词后直接跟动名词形式作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语：allow /advise/forbid/pe

37、rmit sb to do sthallow/advise/forbid/permit doing sthWe dont allow smoking here.We dont allow students to smoke.动词 need，require ，want 作“需要”解，其后必须用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语表示事情需要做，这时，动名词的主动式表示被动意义。be worth 后必须用动名词的主动形式来表示被动意义。Sth need/ want/require doing / to be done 需要 .Sth be worth doing 值得 .deserve to

38、be done/ doing. 值得 .The window needs/requires/wants cleaning/to be cleaned.Her method is worth trying.These proposals deserve considering/ to be considered.这些建议应该被考虑。5. to 为介词的短语devote oneself/ones time to ( 把. 贡献给 .)；look forward to ( 期望) ； pay attentionto ( 注意) ； attach importance to (重视 ) ； be us

39、ed/accustomed to (习惯于做某事 ) ；whenitcomes to ( 当谈到做某事 ) ; get down to( 着手) ；preferdoing sth to doing sth （喜欢 .而不喜欢 ; turn to doing sth(转向) ；thanks to ( 多亏);lead to ( 导致) ；the key to doingsth ( 做某事的关键 ) ；object to/be opposed to ( 反对) ；contribute to ( 有助于 ) ；be addicted to doing sth ( 沉湎于；对 . 上瘾 ) ；make

40、 contributions to ( 对. 做出贡献 ) ；due to （由于）； apply oneself to ( 致力于 ) ；stick to （坚持）； come close to （接近于） 等后的动词也必须用动名词形式，例如：7I look forward to hearing from you soon.6. 不定式做动词（词组） tell,show, understand,explain,teach, learn,advise,discuss,ask, decide, wonder, findout 等的宾语时，前面常常带引导词how, what, whether, w

41、here,when, who 等，但是 why后加不带 to 的不定式。He showed us how to do the work= He showed us how we should do the work.I dont know what to do= I dont know what I should do.We must decide whether to stay or go= We must decide whether well stay or go.Can you tell me why do it?7. 在 love ，hate ，prefer ，like 等动词后用动

42、名词或不定式无多大区别。有时用动名词作宾语时，指一般情况，而跟不定式作宾语时指某一具体行为。I love swimming.I love to swim today.8.start，begin ，continue 在书面语中多后接动名词，在口语中多后接不定式。It started to snow. He is beginning to cook dinner. I began to understand what hemeant.典型例题1. David threatened _(report)his neighbor to the police ifthe damageswere not p

43、aid.2. He chose _(keep) silent when asked why.3. He volunteered _(help) the victims in the earthquake.4.Whenever you are in trouble, dont hesitate _(ask) me for help.5.As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area need_(repair).6.Can I smoke here?Sorry. We don t allow _(s

44、moke) here.7. I hear theyve promoted Tom, but he didnt mention _(promote) when we talkedon the phone.8. Billsuggested _(hold) a meeting on what to do forthe Shanghai Expo during thevacation.9. I really appreciate _(have) time to holiday with you on this nice island.10. I can hardly imagine her _(mar

45、ry) such a men as Lee.11. It s quite hot today. Do you feel like _(go) for a swim?12.The film star wears sunglass. Therefore, he can go shopping without _(recognize).13.They are quiet, aren t they?Yes, they are accustomed to not talk at meals.14. How can I afford to fly to America when I can only ea

46、rn 800 Yuan a month.15. Would you mind turn down your radio a little, please?16. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed caught.17. He practiced playing the piano every morning.18. He risked losing his life in order to save the drowning girl.19. He was considering changed his mind.20. He was cons

47、idered to be very rich.21. Don t worry. We can manage to help you out.822. I was advised to quit the job and try a new one.23. Weve had a good start, but next, more work needs to be done to achieve the final success.24. One learns a language by making mistakes and correct them.25. China recently tig

48、htened its waters controls near the HuangYan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from attacked in the South China Sea.26. Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and having reduced to ruins, the city took on a new look.27. When it comes to speak in public, no one can match him.28. Lydi

49、a doesn t feel like study abroad. Her parents are old.29. I really regret _ (inform) you that you have failed to pass the exam.30. He tried _(persuade) her to accept their incitation, but in vain.31. She was afraid to step further in grass because she was afraid of being bitten bya snake.32. I still

50、 remember taken to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.33. No one answered the front door, so I tried knocking at the back door.34. I m afraid I can t help painting the house this afternoon.35. I couldn t choose but to accept his invitation.36.I m sorry. I didn t mean hurt you.37.Now that we have

51、finished Exercise I, lets go on to do Exercise.38. I couldn t help but admiring him for his courage.39. Oh, my goodness! I forgot to lock the door last night. Is there anything missing?40. I forgot paid already, so I went to my boss again.41. The competitor never dreamed of there _ (be) a chance for him to win the first prize in the 100 meter race.42. Have you heard of my sister _ (win) the contest?43. The doctor does not mind I eating a little meat occasionally.44. She didn t mind her bo