版专业英语综英教程unit3 book

1、Out Of StepKnowing to develop ideas by means of examplesAppreciating self-debasement and SatireKnowing usage of the past perfective and past perfective progressiveKnowing use of shall, should, will and wouldText organizationText comprehensionLanguage workParaphraseText StructureParagraphsMain idea1-

2、67-13 14-20 The writer introduces his idea with an anecdote.In this part, the author presents the fact that the Americans are habituated to using cars for everything.In this part, the author shows that pedestrian facilities are neglected or discarded.Part I: Reading ComprehensionListen and Think1.Wh

3、at kind of town is it?2.How are the inhabitants like?3.How do the inhabitants go out?4.What is considered the authors “eccentric behavior”?5.Why would drivers “depart reluctantly, even guilty” when their offers was declined?Part 1: Background informationPart 1: Language worksedate a. calm, serious a

4、nd formal She is a sedate old lady; she is caring but never talks much. The fight against a nuclear power station site has transformed a normally sedate town into a battlefield.v. make calm or sleepy, esp. with a drugThe patient was heavily sedated and resting quietly in bed.Derivation:sedately (ad.

5、), sedation (n.), sedative (a., n.)Part 1: Language workeccentric a. (of people or behavior) unconventional and slightly strangeThe old gentleman, who lived alone all his life, was said to have some eccentric habits.n. a person of unconventional and slightly strange views or behaviorThe old gentlema

6、n enjoyed a colorful reputation as an engaging eccentric.Part 1: Language workcurb n. (British English: kerb) a line of raised stones separating the footpath from the roadv. / n. (place) a control or limit on sth. undesirable Poor nutrition can curb a childs development both physically and mentally.

7、There will be curbs on drunk-driving from next month.Part 2: ComprehensionListen and Think1.What is the main idea of this part?2.How does the author support his idea in this part?3.How many examples are used in this part? Can you retell them in your own words?4.Do you like using detailed examples to

8、 support your idea? Why / Why not?Part 2: language workhabituate v. accustom by frequent repetition or prolonged exposure You must habituate yourself to reading aloud. By the end of the school term, the students had been habituated / accustomed / used to rising at five oclock.Part 2: language workco

9、ntortion n. a twisted position or movement that looks surprising or strange The spectators cannot but admire the contortions of the gymnasts.Derivation: contort (v.) :cause sth. to twist out of its natural shape and looks strange or unattractivePart 2: language workComparison: distort, twist, deform

10、, contort & warpThese verbs mean to change and spoil the form or character of sth.distort:To distort is to alter in shape, as by torsion or wrenching; the term also applies to verbal or pictorial misrepresentation and to alteration or perversion of the meaning of sth. The human understanding is

11、like a false mirror, which, receiving rays irregularly distorts and discolors the nature of things by mingling its own nature with it. (Francis Bacon). Part 2: language worktwist: Twist applies to distortion of form or meaning. a mouth twisted with pain He accused me of twisting his words to mean wh

12、at I wanted them to. deform: If you deform sth., or if it deforms, its usual shape changes so that its usefulness or appearance is spoiled. Great erosion deformed the landscape. The earlier part of his discourse was deformed by pedantic divisions and subdivisions. Part 2: language workcontort: If yo

13、u contort sth., or if it contorts, it twists out of its normal shape and looks strange or unattractive. a face contorted with rage a contorted line of reasoningwarp: Warp can refer to a turning or twisting from a flat or straight form. The floorboards had warped over the years.It also can imply infl

14、uencing sb. in a way that has a harmful effect on how they think or behave. Prejudice warps the judgment.Part 2: paraphraseIn the United States we have become so habituated to using the car for everything that it doesnt occur to us to unfurl our legs and see what those lower limbs can do. (para. 7)P

15、araphrase: People in the United States tend to drive for basically every purpose, so much so that they have forgotten that they still have legs and about what their legs can do.Part 2: paraphraseI confess it had not occurred to me how thoughtlessly deficient nature is in this regard. (para. 13)Parap

16、hrase: I admit that I have never realized I had been so stupid.Part 3: comprehensionListen and Think1.Why did the author say “Actually, Im surprised it was that much”?2.Why did Laconia change its downtown pedestrian mall to one with parking lots?Part 3: language workbring sth. home to sb.make sb. re

17、alize sth. The news report has brought home to us all the plight of the prisoners of war.Comparison: drive sth. home to sb., hit / strike homedrive sth. home to sb.: make sb. realize sth., esp. by saying it often, loudly, angrily, etc. The professor drove home to them that they must finish the writi

18、ng assignment by Friday.hit / strike home: (of remarks, etc.) have the intended (often painful) effect You could see from his expression that her sarcastic comments had hit / stricken home.Part 3: language workentertain v. consider an idea, etc. or allow yourself to think that sth. might happen or b

19、e true He refused to entertain our proposal. entertain ideas, doubts, etc. Part 3: language worknegotiate v. get over or past (an obstacle, etc.) successfully; manage to travel along a difficult route The only way to negotiate the path is on foot. Frank Mariano negotiates the dessert terrain in his

20、battered pickup. 那攀登者得攀越一陡峭岩石那攀登者得攀越一陡峭岩石。 那马轻易跳过了栅栏那马轻易跳过了栅栏。 The climber had to negotiate a steep rock face. The horse negotiated the fence with ease. Part 3: language workcoo v. speak in a soft, gentle, and loving way, esp. when expressing surprise “How wonderful to see you again, darling,” she c

21、ooed. The little girl is always cooing over those parrots of hers.Part 3: language workanew adv. (fml.) again or one more time, esp. in a different way The scientists started the experiment anew. The film tells anew the story of her rise to stardom.Part 3: paraphrase I was possibly the only person e

22、ver to have entertained the notion of negotiating that intersection on foot. (para. 17)Paraphrase: I was likely to be the only person who had ever attempted to cross that intersection on foot.Discuss with your partners andFinish Exercises I, II, and III on Page 42Word DerivationPhrase PracticeSynony

23、m/AntonymWord Derivation1) agree v. agreeable a. agreement n.我同意他对情况的分析。我同意他对情况的分析。 I agree with his analysis of the situation.我觉得他极易相处我觉得他极易相处。I found him most agreeable. 与雇主们的协议终于达成了与雇主们的协议终于达成了。An agreement with the employers was finally worked out.Word Derivation2) eccentric a./n. eccentricity n

24、. 这个俱乐部里好像都是怪人。这个俱乐部里好像都是怪人。The club seemed to be full of eccentrics.他的怪僻之一是睡觉睡在床底下而不睡在床上。他的怪僻之一是睡觉睡在床底下而不睡在床上。One of his eccentricities is sleeping under the bed instead of on it.Word DerivationAre you acquainted with the works of Shakespeare? 你对莎士比亚的作品熟悉吗你对莎士比亚的作品熟悉吗? ?He has a wide circle of acqu

25、aintances. 他交友甚广。他交友甚广。The lawyer acquainted himself with the details of his clients business affairs. 3) acquaint v. acquaintance n. acquainted a.那位律师了解委托人生意上的详情。那位律师了解委托人生意上的详情。Word DerivationYou look ridiculous in those tight jeans.你穿上那紧身牛仔裤样子真可笑。你穿上那紧身牛仔裤样子真可笑。The opposition ridiculed the govern

26、ments proposals, saying they offered nothing new.4) ridicule v. / n. ridiculous a.反对派揶揄政府的建议，把它的说成是老调重弹。反对派揶揄政府的建议，把它的说成是老调重弹。Word Derivationa triumphal arch凯旋门凯旋门a triumphant cheer 胜利的欢呼声胜利的欢呼声The winning team returned home in triumph.5) triumph n. triumphant a. triumphal a.获胜的队奏凯而归。获胜的队奏凯而归。Word D

27、erivationDeficiency in vitamins / Vitamin deficiency can lead to illness. 身体缺乏维生素就会生病。身体缺乏维生素就会生病。Our knowledge of the matter is deficient. 6) deficient a. deficiency n.我们对此事了解不足。我们对此事了解不足。Word DerivationThe preparations were woefully inadequate.准备工作未免太不够了。准备工作未免太不够了。woeful ignorance 可悲的无知可悲的无知 She

28、told him all her woes.7) woe n. woeful a. woefully ad.她把自己的不幸遭遇都告诉他。她把自己的不幸遭遇都告诉他。Word Derivationthe contortions of a yoga expert 瑜伽高手的柔软动作瑜伽高手的柔软动作Her face contorted / was contorted with pain. 8) contort v. contortion n.她的脸因疼痛而走了样。她的脸因疼痛而走了样。Finish Exercise III on Page 45Phrase Practicego about: Wh

29、en you are “going about” your normal activities, you are doing them.尽管战争一触即发，人们仍像平时一样工作。尽管战争一触即发，人们仍像平时一样工作。Despite the threat of war, people go about their work as usual. go through: If you “go through” an experience or a period of time, especially an unpleasant or difficult one, you experience it.

30、鉴于他经历过的种种遭遇，他的乐天达观令人惊叹。鉴于他经历过的种种遭遇，他的乐天达观令人惊叹。Hes amazingly cheerful considering all that hes gone through. Phrase PracticeHis eyes nearly popped out of his head when he saw what he had won.他一看到自己赢得的东西，顿时两眼瞪得大大的。他一看到自己赢得的东西，顿时两眼瞪得大大的。 The rabbits popped out as soon as we opened the hutch.pop out: co

31、me out suddenly 我们一打开兔箱，兔子就突然跑出来了。我们一打开兔箱，兔子就突然跑出来了。Phrase PracticeI paced off the wooden bridge and found it was about 100 feet long.pace off: measure sth. by taking regular steps across it我步测出那座木桥长约我步测出那座木桥长约100英尺。英尺。Finish Exercise IV on Page 45Synonym / Antonymold, time-worn, antique1. We wanted

32、 to live in a town small enough that we could walk to the business district, and settled on Hanover, N.H., a typical New England town pleasant, sedate and compact.Antonyms: bustling, exciting2. It has a broad central green surrounded by the venerable buildings of Dartmouth College, an old-fashioned

33、Main Street and leafy residential neighborhoods. Synonyms: Synonym / Antonymabsurd, ridiculousSynonyms: 4. We will go through the most extraordinary contortions to save ourselves from walking. Sometimes its almost ludicrous.depressed, downhearted, low-spirited3. Nearly every day, I walk to the post

34、office or library or bookstore, and sometimes, if I am feeling particularly debonair, I stop at Rosey Jekes Caf for a cappuccino.Antonyms:Synonym / Antonyminfuriating, irritating Synonyms:6. At the time, it seemed ridiculous and exasperating, but afterward I realized that I was possibly the only per

35、son ever to have entertained the notion of negotiating that intersection on foot.indifferent, unconcerned5. According to a concerned and faintly horrified 1997 editorial in the Boston Globe, the United States spent less than one percent of its transportation budget on facilities for pedestrians.Anto

36、nyms:Synonym / Antonymagain Synonym:8. Now people can park right in front of the stores again, and downtown Laconia thrives anew.failure, defeat 7. Esthetically it was a triumph urban planners came from all over to coo and take photos but commercially it was a disaster.Antonyms: Finish Exercise I on

37、 Page 44 and Exercise VI on Page 46Past Perfect vs. Past Perfect Progressiveshall, should, will, wouldAdverbsPast Perfect vs. Past Perfect ProgressivePast perfectWe use the past perfect to talk about a past event or situation that occurred before a particular time in the past. Before her sixth birth

38、day, Jane had never been to the zoo. I had written the article when he came. By six oclock they had worked twelve hoursPast Perfect vs. Past Perfect ProgressivePast perfect progressiveWe use the past perfect progressive when we talk about a situation or activity that happened over a period up to a p

39、articular past time, or until shortly before it.putting emphasis on the course or duration of an actionsometimes interchangeable with past perfect simplethe action taking place before a certain time in the pastUseFinish Exercise I,II & III on Pages 47-48 Shall, should, will, wouldshall will Shal

40、l and will are both modal verbs primarily used to express the future tense.In informal English, the Simple Future is usually conjugated entirely with the auxiliary will, particularly in American English. In more formal English, there is a rule which states that,the auxiliary shall should be used in

41、the first person (I /we), and the auxiliary will should be used in the second person and third person (you, he / she / it, they). However, shall currently tends to be falling out of use, but it continues to be used with I and we for offers and suggestions.Shall, should, will, wouldYou should take re

42、gular exercise. Should you need any help, just call me. I should think the cost will be about 100. to give advice: in hypothetical situations: to give tentative opinions: Should is used:If I had enough money, I would buy a new car.should would Should is the conditional form of shall. Would is the co

43、nditional form of will. In informal English today, the conditional tense is usually conjugated entirely with would.Finish Exercise IV on Page 48 Adverbs Adverbs are used to modify verbs, adjectives or other adverbs. Time adverbs that connect the past to the present, such as recently, lately, for wee

44、ks, are often used with the present perfect. Adverbs that refer to the definite past are used with the past tense. There are several types of adverbs: This type of adverb shows how something is done, such as a man “driving carefully” or a song being “passionately sung.”lAdverbs of mannerAdverbs This

45、 type of adverb shows how often something happens, as in “I usually take the bus around 7” or “I often lose track of time.”lAdverbs of frequency This type of adverb provides information on the timing and occurrence of an event, such as when you promise to “send the reports in an hour” or “attend a f

46、unction next week.”lAdverbs of time This type of adverb tells the reader “how much” of something is done or experience, as in “We eat out a lot” or “The beer was extremely cold.”lAdverbs of degreeAdverbs This type of adverb provides an opinion on a situation, such as when remarking that, “Unfortunat

47、ely, Christmas isnt happening this year.”lAdverbs of commentFinish Exercise V on Page 48 TranslationDictationCloze1. 我几乎每天都步行到邮局或图书馆或书店，心情特别不错的时候，路过Rosey Jekes 咖啡馆会进去喝一杯卡布奇诺。 English - Chinese 2. 为了避免走路，我们愿意承受反常的扭曲之苦。 3. 我肯定，他会慢跑很长的距离，会打壁球，会进行各种各样有益健康的运动，但我也同样肯定，他一定是开车去那些运动场所的。 4. 当时，这一切显得多么荒谬、多么令人恼

48、怒，但过后我意识到，我或许是唯一一个有过步行穿过十字路口想法的人。Chinese - English1. 这所大学是世界上历史最悠久的高等学府之一这所大学是世界上历史最悠久的高等学府之一。 (venerable)The university is one of the most venerable institutions of higher learning in the world.Venerable means deserving respect because of age, character, associations, etc.Practice： 大寺院令人肃然起敬的遗迹大寺院令

49、人肃然起敬的遗迹the venerable ruins of the abbeyChinese - EnglishI felt exasperated by constant interruptions, for I had to finish writing the monograph by the end of this week.2. 本周内我必须完成这篇专题文章，但老是被打断，火冒三丈。本周内我必须完成这篇专题文章，但老是被打断，火冒三丈。(exasperate)If someone or something exasperates you, they annoy you and ma

50、ke you feel frustrated or upset.That child exasperates me!那孩子真让我生气那孩子真让我生气! !Practice： 她因为他愚笨而发怒。她因为他愚笨而发怒。She was exasperated at / by his stupidity.Chinese - English3. 他认为用旧文体来写一个当代的主题是滑稽可笑的。他认为用旧文体来写一个当代的主题是滑稽可笑的。(ludicrous)He feels that it is ludicrous to write on a contemporary theme in an ancie

51、nt style.If you describe something as ludicrous, you are emphasizing that you think it is foolish, unreasonable, or unsuitable.a ludicrous idea荒谬的想法荒谬的想法Practice：他的裤子短得可笑。他的裤子短得可笑。His trousers were short and ludicrous.Chinese - English4. 上海的外滩在上世纪七八十年代是年轻情侣喜欢来的谈情说爱之上海的外滩在上世纪七八十年代是年轻情侣喜欢来的谈情说爱之地。地。(c

52、oo)The Bund in Shanghai was a place where young couples liked to come to coo in the 70s and the 80s of the last century.When someone coos, they speak in a very soft, quiet voice which is intended to sound attractive.Practice： “就会好起来的，就会好起来的，”她轻柔地安慰说。她轻柔地安慰说。“It will be all right,” she cooed soothing

53、ly.Chinese - EnglishThe couple strolled hand-in-hand along the country road when the sun in its first splendor steeped the earth.5. 当第一抹阳光洒向大地的时候，这对情人手拉手，在乡村的大道当第一抹阳光洒向大地的时候，这对情人手拉手，在乡村的大道上散步。上散步。 (stroll)If you stroll somewhere, you walk there in a slow, relaxed way.Practice： 他随意地闲逛，出出进进。他随意地闲逛，出出进

54、进。He strolls in and out as he pleases. Chinese - English如果一个人缺乏经验，仅凭课堂里学到的东西是难以成功的。（deficient）If one is deficient in practical experience, he can hardly make himself a success with only what he has acquired in class.作为10岁的孩子，他女儿算是非常恬静的，因为她喜欢读书胜于嬉戏。（sedate）His daughter is very sedate for a girl of ab

55、out ten, for she likes reading more than playing.这个诗人在世时被普遍认为是一个怪癖的浪漫才子。（eccentric）The poet was commonly considered as an eccentric romantic genius when alive.Dictation You will hear a passage read three times. At the first reading, you should listen carefully for its general idea. At the second and

56、 third reading, you are required to write down the exact words you have just heard (with proper punctuation). At the forth reading, you should check what you have written down.Typescript of DictationRecently in the United States, / there has been a debate / concerning old drivers. / There have been

57、a series of accidents / committed by elderly drivers / and they have given rise to new debates on the old issue: / how old is too old to drive? / Some people point to statistics/ showing that older drivers are safer than teenagers, / at least until they reach seventy-five. / Moreover, elderly driver

58、s are less likely to drive drunk / than other drivers. However, at least twenty-one states / have special requirements on older drivers: /those over sixty-five and older/ are required to renew their driving license every year / and undertake vision tests. / Taking away a license can rob older people

59、 of their independence / and force them to rely on others/ for trips to the grocery store or doctors office. / Some people argue / whether someone continues to drive or not / should be based on performance / not just simply age.Finish Exercise II on Page 51 Essay Writing:Writing a Good IntroductionH

60、ow to Write the Introduction of an Essay The quality of an essay introduction often determines whether the essay gets read in the first place. The main task of the introduction is to give the reader a clear idea of the essays focal point. It must get the readers attention as it is the part when he decides i