定语从句的用法并翻译例句

1、定语从句的用法并翻译例句一、定语从句的概念在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫 先行 词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。二、 定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有 关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that，which，who （宾格 whom，所有格 whose）等，关系副词包括 where, when, why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时 又作定语从句的重要成分。三、定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为：限制性定语从句 和非限制性定语从句。四、关系代词的用法1. that用于指人或指物。在从句中作主

2、语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。Mary likes music that is quiet an d gen tie. （that 作主语）译：The coat（that）I put on the desk is blue. （that作宾语）译：2. which用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。The buildi ng which sta nds n ear the train stati on is a supermarket.主语）译：The film （which） we saw last night was wonderful.（作宾语）译：3

3、. who，whom用于指人，who用作主语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用 who代替whom， 也可省略。The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.（作主语）译：Who is the teacher （whom） Li Mi ng is talki ng to ?（作宾语）译：【注意】（1）当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who，th at，which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用介词+which/whom”结构。This is the house in which we lived last

4、year.译：（3）that 作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。The city that she lives in is very far away.译： （4）关系词只能用 that 的情况：a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰， 或本身是序数词、 基数词、 形容词最高级时， 只能用that,而不用which.He was the first person that passed the exam.译： b. 被修饰的先行词为 all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one 等不定代词时，只

5、能用that,而不用which.Is there anything that you want to buy in the sho？p译： c. 先行词被 the only, the very, the same the last, little , few 等词修饰时，只能用 that，而不用 which.This is the same bike that I lost.译： d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用 that, 而不用 which.I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room

6、.译： e. 以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.Who is the girl that is crying？译： f. 主句是there be结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which.There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.译： a. 先行词为that, those时，用 which, 而不用that.What s that which is under the desk译： b. 关系代词前有介词时，一般用 which，而不用that.This is the room in which he lives.译： 五、关系副词的用法(1) when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。This was the time when he arrived.译： (2) where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。This is place where he works.译： ( 3) why 指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状