新版新目标英语八年级下册unit3知识点总结

1、Un it 3 Could you please clea n your room?Secti on A1. Could you please do sth 用于提出请求，希望得到对方肯定回答，语气较委婉。肯定回答：Sure./ Of course./ Certai nly./No problem.否定回答： Sorry , I can t. / I m afraid I can t.在表示请求帮助或请求允许的疑问句中，常用 could 代替 can,以表示礼貌，委婉或不确定的语气，而 can则不具备这些语气。这种情况下不能把 could 看作 can 的过去式。以上两句中用 could 是为

2、了表示礼貌 的请求。表示请求帮助或请求允许时，除了can, could 之外，还可以用 may，句子的表达方式也各有不同，可以用不同的方式来表示同一个概念。Could / Can / May I use your car for a day?作允答可以各种各样：女口同意可以说 Yes，或 Sure 或 Certainly，还可说 Yes, (do) please.或 Of course. (you may / can).或 ThatsOK / all right.女口果不同意，可以说 rm sorry you cant.或 rm really sorry, but I have to use

3、it today.要避免说 No, you cant.这样显得很不礼貌。否定回答通常用委婉语气。2. take(1) 取，拿： Please take some books to the classroom.(2) 吃，喝，服用 Take some medici ne.(3) 乘车，船等 We can take a bus to the park.(4) 花费(时间、金钱)It took me 2 hours to do my homework.take care of 照顾 take a walk 散步 take awa 拿 take up 占据 take place 发生 take off

4、 脱下；take one s time 慢慢来3. problem question 问题problem 客观存在待解决的问题，侧重困难。Solve the problemquestion 因存疑而提出问题，侧重疑惑。answer the question4. (1)neither adv 也不句子须部分倒装。此时可用 nor 替换 neitherI donte this dress.我不喜欢这件连衣裙。Neither / Nor do I.我也不喜欢。【注意】肯定句：He likes beef.-So do I.我也喜欢。neithernor 既不也不,连接两个词做主语，谓语动词就近原则Ne

5、ither Tom nor I am a studentneither 作代词表示 两个都不”，它作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。Neither of my parents is at home.辨析 also,also, too,too, either,either, neitherneither(1)also 较正式，在句中位于行为动词前，系动词、助动词或情态动词之后。Peter also likes beef. I am also a student. She can also swim.too 较口语，多用在肯定句句末。(3)either 表示也”时，一般只用于否定句句末。I don t

6、have much money either.neither 用作副词，意为 也不”解释，句子须采用部分倒装。also 和 too 常用于肯定句，neither 用于否定句；either 表示 也”用于否定，但 either用于肯定。5.or否定句陈述句疑问句表转折也不或者还是We don t have tea or coffee.An swer me yes or no.Do you like red or pi nk?否则祈使句Hurry up, or you will be late.6. come over 过来come across (偶然)发现 come back 回来come u

7、p with 想出come from 来自come on 力卩油 come in/into 进入，进来 come out 出来,7. surprise(1) in surprise 惊奇地 惊讶地He look at me in surprise.(2) 可数名词，令人惊奇的事或物That is a big surprise.(3) 不可数名词 惊奇 to one surpriseTo my surprise, he didn t leave.及物动词，使惊奇 surprise sbHis success surprised us.8. work on 从事，忙于 work at 学习、致力于

8、、在.上下工夫9. borrow some money 借一些钱borrow sth. from sb.向某人借某物(借入)=borrow sb sthlend sb. sth.= lend sth. to sb.借给某人某物(借出)You can borrow some money from your brother. 你可以向你哥哥借些钱。 Can you lend me your bike ?你能借给我你的自行车吗？注意： keep 延续性动词I can keep the book for one week.10. pass sb sth=pass sth to s 地给某人某物11.

9、need v 需要作实义动词常用于肯定句(1) 人做主语，sb. need to do sth 某人需要做某事(2) 物做主语，sth n eed doing = sth n eed to be doneneed 做情态动词用于否定句或疑问句.(1) needn t = don t h 没 v 有必要(2) need ,must 引导的一般疑问句，肯定回答用 must,否定回答用 need ntMust I go there now?Yes you must/No, you needntSecti on B1. in vite v in vitationn 邀请(1) in vite sb.

10、to do sth 邀请某人做某事(2) invite sb. to +地点 邀请某人去某地2. waste(1) v 浪费waste time/m oney on sthwaste time / money (in) doing sth 在做某事上花费时间/金钱come true 实现（花）开，（照片）冲洗(2) n 不可数浪费废物垃圾a waste of 浪费a waste of time 浪费时间 a waste of money 浪费金钱(3)adj 浪费的 无用的 荒废的waste paper3.spe nd/pay/cost/take 花费(1)spe nd spe nt spe

11、n 花费,主语是人sb.+ spend +寸间/钱+on sth 在某事上花费 .sb. +spe nd +寸间 / 钱 + (in) doing sthspe nd on= pay for 支付He spe nds too much time on the computer games.(2) pay paid pai 支付，主语是人sb.+ pay + 钱 +for sth I pay 10 yua n for the book.(3) cost cost cost 花费，主语是某物或某事sth cost sb. 4 钱 某物花费某人多少钱A new computer costs me a

12、 lot of mon ey.(4) take took taken v 花费It takes /took sb. some time to do sth.做某事花费某人多长时间It takes him 3 hours to do his homework.4.in order to 目的是；为了后接动词原形句首 句尾都可以in order to do sth 为了做某事5. provide v 提供为应急等做好准备而提供；供给provide sth. for sb.为某人提供某物 =provide sb. with sth.(1) offer 侧重表示愿意给予offer sb. sth. =

13、 offer sth to sb.对某人提供某物offer to do sth 主动提出干某事(2) supply 定期供应，强调替代或补充所需物品supply sb. with sth=supply sth. to sb.为某人提供某物6. depe nd on 依靠；信赖It all depe nds.=That depe nds.视情况而定7. since conj.(1)由于，因为，既然 引导原因状语从句(表示对方已知的事实或理由，常放在句首)Since we don t have money,we can t buy a house.自自.以后，自.以来 引导时间状语从句It s t

14、wo years since we visited your mother.8. keep +sth /sb. +adj.使.处于某种状态keep 系动词 保持 keep + adj . We must keep healthy.实义动词保持；继续(1) keep ( on ) doi ng sth 继续做某事He was in great pain but he kept on work ingkeep sb. doi ng sth 让某人一直做某事I m sorry to have kept you waiting for so long.9. as a result 结果 因此(插入语，

15、放在句首，用逗号隔开)as a result of 由于.，作为.的结果10. the +比较级，the +比较级越 越The faster, the better.11. independent adj 独立的，自主的12. make made made V 故, 制作， 使得(1) make sb/sth +形容词 让某人或某物 make you happy(2) make sb/sth do sth 使某人做某事make me laugh.make sure 确信 make a dialogue 编对话make a mistake 犯错误(by mistake 由于疏忽)make a n

16、o ise 吵闹make faces 做 鬼脸make friends (with)和.交朋友make room for 给.让地方make tea 沏茶 make money 赚钱make a decisi on 作出决定make the bed 整理床铺make a liv ing 谋生 make fun of = laugh at 取笑13. have time to do sth 有 时间做某事have time =be free 有空14. get into =en ter 进入get up 起床 get back 返回 get over 克服 get dressed 穿衣 get

17、into 进入 get/be lost 丢失 get off/on 下/上车 geton well with sb.与某人相处得好 get out of 从出来 get warm 变暧 get ready for +n.为做准备 get ready to dosth 准备做某事 get well 康复get a chanee 有机会、得至 U 机会get/go to sleep(fall asleep 入睡相关：(be asleep 睡着)15. get older 长大get/ become/ go 辨析：(1) get+adj 较多地与形容词比较级连用The days are gett ing Ion ger and Ion ger.(2) become 强调变化的结果Its becoming colder and colder.go+adj.表示令人不快的事情go bad 变坏，go blind 变瞎，go hungry 挨饿16. do one s pa 尽职责；尽本分do one s part in doing s 在做某事上尽职责17. develop in depe ndence 培养独立意识develo