主谓一致语法讲解课件

1、Subject-Verb Agreement 主主 谓谓 一一 致致 在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。寻其规律，大致可归纳为三个原则，谓一致。寻其规律，大致可归纳为三个原则，即即语法一致语法一致、逻辑意义一致逻辑意义一致和和就近一致就近一致原则。原则。（一）语法一致原则：语法上一致就是谓语动（一）语法一致原则：语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在词和主语在单、复数单、复数形式上保持一致。形式上保持一致。1、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短

2、语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。 His father _ (be) working on the farm. To study English well _ (be)not easy. What he said _ (be)very important for us all. The children _(be) in the classroom two hours ago. Reading in the sun _(be) bad for your ey

3、es.isisiswereis注意：由注意：由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。谓语动词用复数形式。What I bought _(be) three English books.What I say and do _(be) helpful to you.were is/are2、Lucy and Lily _ (be) twins. She and I _ (be)class

4、mates. The boy and the girl _ (be) surprised when they heard the news. Both she and he _ (be) Young Pioneers.由连接词由连接词and或或both and连接起来的连接起来的合成主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。合成主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。arearewereare注意：注意： 若若and所连接的两个词是指所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时同一个人或物时， 它后面的谓语动词就应用它后面的谓语动词就应用单数单数形式。形式。 eg：The writer and artist has c

5、ome. 由由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, every ,more than a (an) , many a (an)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。如：如：1.Every student and every teacher _(be) in the room.2.No boy and no girl _(like) it. waslikes主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有with, together with, along with,except, but, besid

6、es,like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。若主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。3、 Mr Green, together with his wife and children, _ (has/have) come to China. Nobody but Jim and Mike _(be)on the playground. She, like you and Tom, _(be) very tall.h

7、aswasis4、either, neither, each, every 或或no +单数名词单数名词和由和由some, any, no, every构成的复合不定代词，构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。都作单数看待。eg：a. Each of us _(have) a new book. b. Everything around us _(be) matter.注意：注意： 在口语中当在口语中当either或或neither后跟有后跟有“of+复数名词（或代词）复数名词（或代词）”作主语时，其谓语动作主语时，其谓语动词词也可用复数。也可用复数。如：如：Neither of the text

8、s is (are) interesting. hasis 若若none of后面的名词是不可数名词，后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数；若它后面的名词是它的谓语动词就要用单数；若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。eg：None of us _(have) been to America.has/have5、在定语从句时，关系代词、在定语从句时，关系代词that, who, which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。的数一致。 He is one of my frien

9、ds who _(be) working hard. b. He is the only one of my friends who _ (be) working hard.areis6、如果集体名词指的是、如果集体名词指的是整个集体整个集体，它的谓语动词，它的谓语动词用用单数单数；如果它指；如果它指集体的成员集体的成员，其谓语动词就用，其谓语动词就用复数复数形式。这些词有形式。这些词有family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience等。等。注意：注意：people, police, cattle等名词一般都用作等名词一般都用作 复数。

10、复数。如：如：The police _ (be) looking for the lost child.a.Class Four _ (be) on the third floor. b.Class Four _(be) unable to agree upon a monitor. isareare7、由、由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of + 名词名词”构成的短语以及由构成的短语以及由“分数分数或百分数或百分数+名词名词”构成的短语作主语，其谓语动词构成的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数

11、而定。的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。注意：注意：a number of“许多许多”，作定语修饰复数名词，作定语修饰复数名词，谓语用复数；谓语用复数；the number of“的数量的数量”，主语是，主语是number，谓语用单数。，谓语用单数。a.There _ (be) a lot of people in the classroom. b.The rest of the lecture _ (be) wonderful. c.50% of the students in our class _ (be) girls.areisare8、在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语、在倒装句

12、中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语 一致。一致。 A.There _ (come) the bus. B.On the wall _ (be)many pictures. C.Such _(be) the result. D.Such _ (be) the esareisare（二）逻辑意义一致原则：（二）逻辑意义一致原则： 逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致（因有时主语形式为单数，但意义为的意义一致（因有时主语形式为单数，但意义为复数；有时形式为复数，但意义为单数）。复数；有时形式为复数，但意义为单数）。1、what, who, which,

13、any, more, all等代词可等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来决定。以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来决定。如：如：Which is your bag? / Which are your bags? All is going well. / All have gone to Beijing.2、表示、表示“时间、重量、长度、价值时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的等的名词的 复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式,这是这是 由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体，由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体，如：如：Thirty minutes is enou

14、gh for the work. 3、若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。如：如： “The Arabian Nights”_ (be) an interesting story-book.is4、表数量的短语、表数量的短语“one and a half”后接复数名词后接复数名词 作主语时，其谓语动词可用单数形式也可用复数。作主语时，其谓语动词可用单数形式也可用复数。 如如: One and a half apples is (are) left on the tab

15、le.5、算式中表示数目（字）的主语通常作单数看待、算式中表示数目（字）的主语通常作单数看待,其谓语动词采用单数形式。其谓语动词采用单数形式。如：如：Twelve plus eight is twenty. Fifty-six divided by eight _(be) seven.is6、一些学科名词是以、一些学科名词是以 ics 结尾，如：结尾，如：politics, mathematics, physics 以及以及news, works等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义为等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语

16、动词要用单数形式。数形式。如：如： a.The paper works was built in 1990. b. I think physics isnt easy to study.7、trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, 等词作等词作 主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有 a (the) pair of等量词修饰时，谓语动词用单数。等量词修饰时，谓语动词用单数。如：如：a. My glasses _ (be) broken. b.The pair of shoes under the bed _ (be) his.8

17、、“定冠词定冠词the + 形容词或分词形容词或分词”，表示某一类，表示某一类 人时人时, 动词用复数。动词用复数。areis（三）就近一致原则：在英语句子中，有时谓语（三）就近一致原则：在英语句子中，有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。1、当两个主语由、当两个主语由either or, neither nor, whether or , not only but also连接时，连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。如：如：a.Either the teacher or the students _(be) our frien

18、ds. b.Neither they nor he _ (be) wholly right. C. _ (be)neither he nor they wholly right? areisIs2、there be句型句型be动词单复数取决于其后的主动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语，则应与连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。靠近的那个主语保持一致。如：如：There are two chairs and a desk in the room.注意：注意：Here引导的句子用法同上。引导的句子用法同上。1.I, who_ your frien

19、d, will try my best to help you with your English.A.am B.is C.are D.be2. The rich _ not always happy.A.are B.is C.has D.have3. Neither Tom nor Jack and I _ his students.A.are B.am C.is D.was4. Mary as well as her sisters _ Chinese in China. A. are studying B. have studied C. studies D. study5. Neith

20、er my father nor I _ at home. A.am B.is C.are D.beExercises6. Not only my brother but also I _ good at painting. Both of us _ good painters.,A.are;are B.am;am C.am;are D.is;is7. Every boy and every girl _ to attend the evening party.A.wish B.wishes C.is like D.like8. Over 80 percent of the populatio

21、n of China _ peasants.A.was B.is C. would be D.are9. The population of China _ larger than that of any other country in the world. A.is B.are C.has D.have10. Every means _ tried but without any result. A. have been B.is to be C.are to be D. has been11. Alice, together with two boys,_ for having brok

22、en the rule. A. was punished B. punished C. were punished D. being punished12. The League secretary and the monitor_ asked to attend the meeting this afternoon. A.is B.was C.are D.is being13. The great writer and professor_. A. is an old man B. are both old men C. is an old man and a young man D. we

23、re two Chinese 14. There _ a pen, two pencils and three books on the desk. A.are B.is C.has D.have 15. A large number of students in our class _ girls. A. are B. was C. is D. be16. The number of deer, mountain lions and wild roses _ much if people leave things as they are.A. doesn t change B.dont ch

24、ange C.change D.changed17. The Arabian Nights _ well known to the English.A. is B. are C. was D. were18. Chairman Mao s works _ published.A. has been B.have been C.was D.is19. A chemical works_ built there. A. is to being B.have been C. were to D.has been20. The Olympic Games _ held every _ years. A

25、.is;four B.are;four C.is;five D.are;five21 .The United States of America _ one of the most developed countries in the world. A.is B.are C.was D.were22.He is the only one of the students who _ elected.A. are B.have C.has D.is23.This is one of the most interesting questions that _ asked.A.have B.has C

26、. have been D.has been24.Many a man _ come to help us.A.have B.has C.is D.are25.All_ present and all_ going on well, our monitor said.A.is;is B.are;are C.are;is D.is;are考点分析：考点分析：1. At last，we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade and _ down to eat our picnic lunch Asitting B

27、having sat Cto sit Dsat本题考查并列谓语的选择。本题考查并列谓语的选择。found与与sat down应为并列谓语，而其余各项均为非谓应为并列谓语，而其余各项均为非谓语动词形式不能单独作谓语，解题时务必语动词形式不能单独作谓语，解题时务必注意并列连词的作用。注意并列连词的作用。 2. Professor Smith，along with his assistants，_ on the project day and night to meet the deadline Awork Bworking Cis working Dare working本题考查主谓一致用法。当本

28、题考查主谓一致用法。当“主语主语+along with/ with/ together with + n. / pron” 结构作主语时其谓语动词的结构作主语时其谓语动词的单复数应与主语保持一致。单复数应与主语保持一致。 因因Professor Smith作主语，故应用单数谓语动词作主语，故应用单数谓语动词is working。3. -You havent said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it? -Im sorry I _anything about it sooner. I certainly think its pret

29、ty on you. A .wasnt saying B. dont say C. wont say D. didnt say4. The evening news comes on at seven oclock and _only thirty minutes.A. keepsB. completes C. finishes D. lasts5. -Has Sam finished his homework today? -I have no idea. He_ it this morning. A. didB. has done C. was doingD. had done6. The

30、 forest guards often find campfires have not been _ completely. A. turned down B. put out C. put awayD. had done7. The first use of atomic weapons was in 1945 and their power_ increased enormously ever since. A. is B. was C. has D. had been8. The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, _visiting a museum when the earthquake struck. A. was B. w