(完整版)前后缀词根表(较完整版,供查阅)

1、英语单词构词法前缀前缀、后缀、词根总结1.表示否定意义的前缀(1)纯否定前缀前缀举例a-, an_asymmetry （不对称）,an hydrous （无水的）dis-dish on est, dislikein-, ig-, il-, im-, ir-in capable, in ability, ig no ble, impossible, immoral, illegal, irregularn e-, n-none, n either, n evernon-nonsenseun-un able, un employme nt(2)表示错误的意义前缀举例male-, mal-malfu

2、nction, maladjustment （失调）mis-mistake, misleadpseudo-pseudo nym （假名）,pseudoscie nee(3)表示反动作的意思前缀举例de-defend, demodulation （解调）dis-disarm, disc onnectun-uni oad, un cover(4)表示相反、相互对立的意思前缀举例an ti-, ant-antiknock （防震）,antiforeign （排外的）con tra-, con tre-, con tro-contradiction, controflow （ 逆流）counter-c

3、oun teract ion, coun terbala neeob-, oc-, of-, op-,object, oppose, occupywith-withdraw, withsta nd2.表示空间位置、方向关系的前缀前缀含义举例a-在之上、向aboard, asideby-附近、邻近、边侧bypath, bypasscircum-, circu-周围、环绕、回转circumsta nee, circuitde-在下、向下descend, degradeen-在内、进入encage, enbedex-, ec-, es-外部、外exit, eclipse, expa nd, expo

4、rtextra-额外extracti onfore-在前面forehead, foregro undin-, il- im-, ir-向内、在内、背于inland, in vade, in side, importinter-, in tel-在间，相互in ternatio nal, i nteractio n,in tro-向内、在内、内侧in troduce,medi-, med-, mid-中，中间Mediterra nean, midpositi onout-在上面，在外部，在外outl ine, outside, outwardover-在上面，在外部，向上overlook, ov

5、erhead, overboardpost-向后，在后面，次postscript （附言）,postgraduatepre-在前,在前面prefix, preface, prepositi onpro-在前、向前progress, proceedsub-, sue-, suf-, sug-, sum-, sup-, sur-, sus-在下面，下subway,submari ne,suffix,suppress, suppleme ntsuper-, sur-在之上superficial, surface, superstructuretran s-移上，转上，在那一边tran slate,

6、tran sform, tran socea nicun der-在下面，下的un derl ine, un dergro undup-向上，向上面，在上upward, uphold, uphill3.表示时间、序列关系的前缀前缀含义举例an te-, an ti-先前，早于，预先an tecede nt, an ticipateex-先、故、旧ex-preside nt, ex-husba ndfore-在前面、先前、前面foreword, foretellmid-, medi-中，中间midni ght, midsummerpost-在后，后postwarpre-, pri-在前、事先、预

7、先preheat, prewar, prehistorypro-在刖、先、刖prologue （序幕）,prophetre-再一次、重新retell, rewrite4.表示比较程度差别关系的前缀前缀含义举例by-:副、次要的byproductextra-超越、额外extraord inaryhyper-超过、极度hypers on ic, hyperte nsionout-超过、过分outdo （超过）,outbidover-:超过、过度、太overeat, overdress, oversleepsub-, suc-次、低、副、亚subeditor, subord in ate, succ

8、essi onsuper-, sur-超过super natural, superpower, surplusun der-:低劣、低下un dersize, un dergrow nvice-畐V、次vice-preside nt, vice-chairma n5.表示共同、相等意思的前缀前缀含义举例com-, cop-, con-, cor-, co-:共冋、一起comb ine, conn ect, coexistsyn-, syl-, sym-同、共、和、类syn thesis, sympathy6.表示整个完全意思的前缀前缀r含义举例al-:完整、完全alone, almostove

9、r-完全、全overall, overflow （ 充满）pan-全、总、万panentheism （泛神论）,panorama（全景、概论）7.表示分离、离开意思的前缀前缀含义举例a-, ab-, abs-:分离、离开away, apart, abstract, absta inde-离去、除去depart, decolourdis-, di-, dif-分离、离开disarm, divorceex-, e-离开、分离expel, exclude, expatriatefor-离开、脱离forgive, forgetre-:离开release, resolvese-分离、隔离separate

10、, seduce, select8.表示通过、遍及意思的前缀前缀含义举例dia-通过、横过diameter, diagramper-, pel-通、总、遍perfect, perform, pervade （浸透）tran s-:横过、贯通tran spare nt, tran smit, tran sport9.表示加强意思的前缀前缀举例a-arouse, ashamedad-adjoin, adhere （粘着）10.表示变换此类作用的前缀前缀举例be-befriend （帮助、扶助）en-en slave, en able, en richad-, ac-, af-, ag-, an-,

11、 ap-, ar-, as-, at-adapt, accord, affix, aggression, arrive, assist, atte nd, attract, arra nge, assig n11.表示数量关系的前缀前缀含义举例mono-, mon-单一、一monotone, mono poly, mon archambi-, bi-, di- twi-二、两、双ambiguous,amphibia n, bicycle,diode, twilightdeca-, deco-, dec-, deci-十decade, decimalshecto-, hect-, cen ti-

12、百，百分之一hectometer, cen timeterkilo-:千、千分之一kilometermyria-, myri-, mega, meg, micro-万、万分之一myriametre, megabyte, microvoltmulti-, mult-, poly-:许多、复、多数multipmetre, polysyllablehemi-, demi-, semi-, pen e-, pen-半、一半hemisphere,demiofiicial,semic on ductor, semitra nspare nt, penin sula12.表示特殊意义的前缀前缀含义举例arc

13、h-首位、第一的、主要的architect, archbishopauto-自己、独立、自动automobile, autobiographyben e-善、福benefiteu-优、美好eugenics （优生学）,euphemismmale-, mal-恶、不良maltreatme nt, malodormacro-大、宏大macroscopic （宏观）magni-:大magnificentmicro-微microscope13.表示术语的前缀前缀含义举例aud-听、声audie neebio-生命、生物biographyge-地球、大地geographyphon-声、音调phonogr

14、aphtele-P远离televisi on, teleph one英语单词构词法一一后缀1.名词后缀(1)具有某种职业或动作的人后缀含义举例-an，-ia n地方的人， 精通的人American, historian-al具有职务的人prin cipal-an t, -e nt者mercha nt, age nt, serva nt, stude nt-ar的人scholar, liar-ard, -art做的人coward, laggard, braggart-aria n派别/主义的人，humanitarian, vegetarian-ary从事的人secretary, missi on

15、ary-ate具有职责的人can didate, graduate-ator做的人educator, speculator-crat某种政体、主义的支持者democrat, bureaucrat-ee动作承受着employee, exam inee-eer从事于的人engin eer, volun teer-er从事某职业的人，某地区、 地方的人ban ker,observer,Londoner,villager-ese国人，地方的人Japa nese, Canton ese-ess阴性人称名词actress, hostess, man ageress-eur家amateur, littera

16、teur-ia n地方人，信仰教的 人，从事职业的人Christian, physician, musician-icia n精通者，豕electricia n, magicia n, tech nician-icist豕，者,冃匕手physicist, phon eticist, tech ni cist-ic者，师mechanic, critic-ie爱称，指小diaries, aun tie, lassie-ier从事职业cavalier, clothier, brazier-in e, -i na阴性人称heroine, balleri na-ist从事研究者，信仰 主义者pia ni

17、 st, com muni st, den tist, artist, chemist-ive动作者，行动者n ative, captive-logist学家，研究者biologist, geologist-or者author, doctor, operator-ster做事情的人youn gerster, gamester, son gster-yer从事职业者lawyer(2)构成具有抽象名词的含义后缀含义举例-acy性质、状态、境遇accuracy, diplomacy-age状态、行为、身份及结果、 总称courage, storage, marriage-al事物的动作、过程refu

18、sal, arrival, survival, den ial表示具体的事物manual, signal, editorial, journal-ance, -e nee性质、状态、行为、过程、 总量、程度en dura nee, importa nee, dilige nee, differe nee, obedie nee-an cy, -e ncy性质、状态、行为、过程freque ncy, urge ncy, efficie ncy-bility动作、性质、状态possibility, feasibility-craft工艺、技巧woodcraft, han dicraft, stat

19、ecraft-cracy统治、支配bureaucracy, democracy-cy性质、状态、职位、级别ban kruptcy, supremacy-dom等级、领域、状态freedom, kin gdom, wisdom-ery, -ry行为、状态、习性bravery, bribery, rivalry-ety性质、状态variety, dubiety-facti on, -facture作成，化、作用satisfact ion, manufacture-hood资格、身份、年纪、状态childhood, falsehood-ice行为、性质、状态no tice, justice, ser

20、vice-ine带有抽象概念medicine, discipline, famine-ing动作的过程，结果building, writing,learning-ion,-si on, -ti on,-ati on，-iti on行为的过程、结果、状况action,soluti on,con clusi on,destruct ion, expressi on, correct ion-ise性质、状态exercise, mercha ndise-ism制度、主义、学说、信仰、 行为socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism-ity性质、状态、程度

21、purity, reality, ability, calamity-me nt行为、状态、过程、手段及 其结果treatment, movement, judgment, puni shme nt, argume nt-mony动作的结果、状态cere mony, testim ony-n ess性质、状态、程度good ness, kindn ess, tired ness-or, -our动作、性质、状态favor, error-osity动作、状态curiosity-ship情况、性质、技巧、技能及 身份、职业hardship, membership, frien dship-th动作

22、、性质、过程、状态depth, wealth, truth, le ngth, growth-tude性质、状态、程度latitude, altitude-ure行为、结果exposure, pressure, failure-y行为的结果、状态、性质glory, history inquiry(3)带有场所、地方的含义后缀含义举例-age住所、地点village, cottage-ary住所、场地library, granary-ery, -ry工作场所、饲养地、地点laun dry, nu rsery, surgery-ory工作场所、住处factory, dormitory, labor

23、atory(4)表示学术、科技含义后缀含义举例-grapy下学，写法biography, calligraphy, geography-ic, -ics学，法logic, mecha nics, optics-ology学，论biology, zoology, tech no logy-nomy二学，术astr onomy, economy-ery学科、学术chemistry, cookery, mach inery-y学，术，法photography, philosophy(5)表示人和事物的总和，集合含义后缀举例-agebaggage, tonnage-domn ewspaperdom-h

24、oodn eighbourhood, woma nhood-rycavalry, mi ni stry-urelegislature, judicature(6)表示物品和物质名称的含义后缀举例-an t, -e ntsolve nt, con sta nt-alsignal, pictorial-arcollar, pillar-erboiler, computer, washer, cooker-erydrapery-ingcloth ing, matt ing-me ntin strume nt, equipme nt, attachme nt(7)表示细小”的意思后缀举例-clepar

25、ticle-culemolecule-elparcel-enchicke n, maide n-etpocket, ticket-etta, -ette, -ettocigarette-kinn apki n-li ngduckli ng-letbooklet-ybaby, doggy2.形容词后缀(1)带有 属性、倾向、相关”的含义后缀举例-able, -iblemovable, comfortable, applicable, visible, resp on sible-aln atural, additi on al, educati onal-an，-aneurba n, subur

26、ba n, republica n-an t, -e ntdista nt, importa nt, excelle nt-arsimilar, popular, regular-arymilitary, volun tary-ic, -atic, -icalpolitic, systematic, physical-inemasculine, feminine, marine-ingmoving, touch ing, dari ng-ishfoolish, bookish, selfish-iveactive, impressive, decisive-orysatisfactory, c

27、ompulsory-il, -ile, -eelfragile, gen teel后缀举例(6)_表示倍数”的含义(2)表示相像，类似”的含义后缀举例-ishboyish, childish-esquepicturesque-likeman like, childlike-lymanly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly-sometroublesome, han dsome-ymilky, pasty(3)表示充分的”含义后缀举例-fulbeautiful, won derful, helpful, truthful-ousdan gerous, gen erous

28、, courageous, various-entviole nt(4)表示由某种物质形成、制成或生产的含义后缀举例-enwoode n, golde n, woole n-ousgaseous-ficscie ntific(5)表示方向的含义后缀举例-erneaster n, western-warddow nward, forward后缀举例-bledouble, treble-pietriple-foldtwofold, ten fold(7)表示数量关系”的含义后缀举例-tee nthirtee n-tyfifty-thfourth, fiftieth(8)表示国籍、语种、宗教的含义后

29、缀举例-anRoma n. Europea n-eseChin ese-ishEn glish, Spanish(9)表示比较程度”的含义后缀举例-ergreater-ishreddish, yellowish-esthighest-mostforemost, topmost(10)其他的含义后缀含义举例-less否定coun tless, sta ini ess, wireless3.动词后缀后缀含义举例-ize, -ise:做成，变成，化moder ni ze, mecha ni ze, orga nize-en是成为，引起，使有quicke n, weake n, softe n, ha

30、rde n-fy使化，使成beautify, purify, inten sify, sig nify-ish使，令fini sh, abolish, dimini sh, establish-ate成为，处理，作用separate, operate, in dicate4.副词后缀后缀举例-lypossibly, swiftly, simply-ward, -wardsdow nward, in wards, upward-waysalways, sideways-wiseotherwise, clockwise英语单词构词法一一词根词根含义举例aer, ar空气，大气aeropla ne,

31、 aerialag, act, ig做，动作active, age nt, react ionalt高altitudealter, alter n, altr其他，变更alternatebio, bi, bion生物，生命biology, bionicsbrev, bri, brief短brief, abbreviati on, abridgecap, capt, cept, cip取，获capture, except, con cept, capacityced, ceed, cess行，让步proceed,succeed, excesscentr中心concen trate, ecce n

32、tricclain, clam呼喊claim, proclaim, exclaimclos, clud闭合con clude, en close, in cludecol, cult耕耘colony, cultivate, agriculturecor, cord心cordial, record, accordcurr, cur, cour跑，动作curre nt, occur, con curre needic, dict说，示dictate, edit, in dicate, predictdoc, doct教doctor, docume ntduc, duct引导、传导in troduc

33、e, produce, con ductfact, fac, fect, dic, dit做，创造factory, effect, profit, facultyfend, fens打，击defe nse, offencefer搬运，转移ferry, tran sfer, deferfin, fin it终、极fin al, fini sh, confinefirm坚固firm, con firm, affirmfix固定prefix, affixflect, flex弯曲flexible, reflexflor, flour, flower花flower, flourishform形unif

34、orm, formula, transform, reformforc, fort力，强度force, en force, effortgen, genit生产，发生gen erate, gen erati ongram, graph书写，记录telegram, diagram, photographgrad, gress, gred, gree步，阶段gradually, degree, progresshab, habit, hibit保持，住in habit, exhibit, prohibither, hes粘附adhere, cohesi onject, jet抛射project,

35、injectjour日一天journ al, adjourn, jo urneyjug, junct结合，连合conjunction, junctionlabour, labor劳动，工作labourer, elabourate, collaboratelect, leg, lig挑选，采集collect, select, lecturelif, liv生活，生存life, aliveloc场所，位置locati on, dislocateIon g, le ng, li ng长的len gth, prolong, li ngerloqu, locut说话colloquial, eloque

36、ntmand, mend命令comma nd, dema nd, recomme ndman, manu手，手法man age, manualmemor, member记忆memory, remember, memorialmind, ment心mi nd, remi nd, men talmerc, merch贸易commerce, mercha ntmeas, mens, meter, metr测量，度量measure, meter, diametermin小diminish, minoritymiss, mit派遣，送missi on, dismiss, tran smit, missi

37、lemob, mot, mov动moveme nt, moti on, mobile, removen ect, nex捆扎conn ect, disc onn ect, annexnot记号，注意no te, deno te, anno tati ononom, onym名字synonym, aut onym, anonym ouspair, par相同，对等compare准备preparepel, puls追逐expel, impelpend, pens, poud悬挂depe nd, in depe ndent, expe nsephon声曰sympho ny, teleph one, micropho neplac位置，场所place, replacepeopl, popul, publ人民，民众public, republic, popular, peo