(完整版)写作教程(一)unit1答案

1、Unit 1PART n FOCUSDeno tati on and Conno tati onSuggested an swer to the questi onIf it is your teacher, most probably you will choose b, as the word portly has an implication of a more or less dignified and imposing appearance(e.g. an elderly gentleman, large and portly). However, if it is a doorke

2、eper, an amiable middle-aged woman, you may choose the word plump as it implies a pleasing fullness of figure (e.g. the plump goddessesof Renaissancepaintings). From this exercise we can con clude that words that share the same deno tative meanings can be diverse in their conno tative meanin gs.Refe

3、re nee for the Classroom Activities1. father: the male pare nt. It conno tes support and sternn ess; it also conno tes protect ion but in a serious fashi on.wildflower: uncultivated plant; it connotes vitality and pleasantness.2.WordDeno tati onConno tati onSentencegolda precious yellow metalwealth,

4、value,precious ness, etcSile nee is gold.moonthe n atural body that moves around the earth once every 28 daystranq uility,purity,somethi ng out of reach, etc.There's no point hop ing for peace in the coun try. It 'slike ask ing for the moon.icewater frozen so that it has become solidcold nes

5、s,indifferenee, cruelty, death, etc.The ice in his voice was only to hide the pa in.bloodred liquid flowing through the bodies of humans and an imalsfamily backgro und, desce nt,race,temperame nt, etc.Blood is thicker than water.2. a. In the West, every male person has the good qualities of males, s

6、uch as bravery, spirit, and tough ness.b. Any way, she has the characteristics of a woma n, such as frailty and delicacy.AttitudeRefere nee for the Classroom Activities 1.FavorableNeutralUnfav orableuniq ue, qua intstra ngebizarre, abno rmalresolute, steadfaststubbor n, doggedpigheadedcomplime nt (v

7、.)praise, comme nd, flatterlick one's bootssenior citize nold pers onfossilbachelor girlsi ngle woma nspin ster2. a. unique b. pigheaded c. flattered d. fossil e. spin sterCollocati onSuggested an swers to the exerciseia.do somebody a favorb.do somebody goodc.make a gestured.do evile.do harmf.ma

8、ke an effortReference for the Classroom Activities1. 1) D 2) D 3) A 4) B 5) C 6) C 7) BFalse FriendsSuggested answers to the questionThe misunderstanding occurs due to the use of homonyms or false friends flour or flower , ground (as the past participle of the verbgrind ) and ground (meaning the sol

9、id surface of the earth). In this excerpt, the use of false friends adds a humorous effect to the text.Reference for the Classroom Activities1. The false friends arelie meaning to keep one's body in a flat position, and lie meaning to say something dishonest.2. a. Your feverrose yesterday.b. Tha

10、t racket is bad enough to make Aunt Ell'as eyebrowsraised.c. Jack has beenlying around all day.d. The soldierslaid aside their weapons.e. A heavy foglay over the land.f. White stationery is always appropriate.g. Is that tablestationary , or can it be moved to another corner of the room?h. It is

11、easier to talk about aprinciple than to live by it.i. Our principal played on the faculty football team against the school all-stars.3. Some other false friends:fair vs. fareIt 'snot fair to put all the blame on him.Bus fares are going up again.passedvs. pastI passed the landlady on the stairs t

12、his morning.Several boys went past us on mountain ensevs. intensiveShe suddenly felt an intense pain in her stomach.He took an intensive course on English.farther vs. furtherThe fog's so thick; I can't see farther than about five meters.Every day she thinks further and further into

13、depression.PART III GARMMARSubject-Verb AgreementWhen the subject is compoundRefere nee for the Classroom ActivitiesSummary1. A compound subject with and takes a plural verb in most cases, but when it expresses a sin gular meaning or whe n each of the sin gular subjects is con sidere( in dividually,

14、 it takes a sin gular verb.2. After a compound subject with or, nor, either or, neithernor, notbut, the verb agrees in nu mber and pers on with the n earer part of the subject.3. Intervening phrases or clauses not introduced by coordinating conjunctions do no affect the nu mber of a verb. Such phras

15、es are no rmally in troduced by prepositi on or prepositions or prepositional phrasessuch as as well as, as much as, rather tha n, along with, in additi on to, together with, with, plus, and in cludi ng.Whe n the subject expresses qua ntityRefere nee for the Classroom ActivitiesSummary1. Nominal phr

16、ases of time, money, weight and measurement normally take a sin gular verb.2. Some words or phrases, such aall, most, half, the last, the rest, take a singular or plural verb, depe nding on the meaning of the noun or pronoun that follows.3. Phrases like lots of, heaps of, loads of take singular or p

17、lural verbs depending on the form of the nouns that follow.4. In sentences with more than one or many a modifying the subject noun, the verb should take a sin gular form though it is plural in meaning.When the subject is a relative pronoun, a what-clause, or in the there-be structure Refere nee for

18、the Classroom Activitiesa. He was one of the can didates who were able to carry out their campaig n pledges. He was the only one of the can didates who was able to carry out his campaig n pledges.b. What he wants is just a little love from his foster parents.What one thinks and says are not always t

19、he same.c. There is a cherry tree and several orchid flowers in the garden. There are hun dreds of applica nts on the wait ing list for the job.Summary1. After a relative pronoun (who, which, that), the verb has the same person and nu mber as the an tecede nt. (In the sec ond sentence in Pair a, the

20、 an tecede nt the only one, not the can didates)2. After a what-clause, the verb is usually singular. But if the what-clause is in a compound structure plural in meaning, the verb is in plural form.3. In the there-bestructure, the verb is singular or plural depending on the number ofthe subject. The

21、 singular there is may be used to introduce a compound subject whe n the first noun or nominal phrase is singular.OthersRefere nee for the Classroom Activitiesa. Nobody in town admits seeing him.b. Does anyone want to go with me?c. Are any of you going to the exhibition?d. None works/work so hard as

22、 he does.e. Books are her chief source of enjoyment.f. The one thing you must be ready for is their attempts to break up the meet ing.g. The jury is fin ally complete.h. The jury were divided in their opinions.i. New York Times is his bible.j. Sema ntics is the study of meanin gs.Summary1. In defi n

23、ite pronouns such as an ybody, anyone, each, everybody, no body, no one, and somebodyge nerally require a sin gular verb.2. The pronounsany and none take either singular or plural verbs.3. The complement of the verbbe does not affect its number.4. A collective noun takes a singular verb when the cla

24、ss it names is thought of as a un it, but a plural verb whe n the members of the class are thought of as in dividuals.5. Titles of books, magazines, movies, newspapers, plays, and the like take a singu ar verb.6. Certa in nouns which are plural in form but sin gular in meaning gen erally take a sing

25、ular verb. Some of these are physics, mechanics, news statistics, and whereaboutsPART IV WRITINGNotes (I)Sample 1Suggested an swers to the questi ons1. Notes are the simplest and shortest form of writte n com muni cati on and they are quick, easy and convenient.2. A note has three essential componen

26、ts:-the addressethe pers on(s) to whom the n ote is writte n;-the message;-the sen der.3. Notes are characterized by their brevity, in formality in style, and dedicati on to a sin gle topic.Sample 2Suggested an swers to the questi ons1. The date is put at the upper right-hand corner. Besides the dat

27、e or weekday, you may, at times, n eed to state the hour or eve n the minu te.2. You can add the word Dear before the addresse' name and a complimentary close.3. A complime ntary close is put before your sig nature as the sample show.PART V FOLLOW-UP EXERCISES1.a. The little boy was chicken-hear

28、ted.b. The statesmanis a respectable figure in the political arena.c. We sat dow n by the oak tree, enjoying threezecomi ng from the lake.d. We n eed todri nk the milk before it sours.e. The child had difficulty finding his way to school.f. The young woma n receiveda lot of flowers and gifts.g. My f

29、ather drew back the curtain a little lest I see him.h. Our uni versity can accommodate4000 stude nts.i. Social customsvary greatly from country to coun try.2. The writer"sattitude changes from negative to positive in each pair of sentences.3. (1) experienced(5) take up(4) with(8) true(2) elapse

30、d(3) attempting(6) made(7) endeavor4. a. The state attorney said that the man would bperosecuted.b. We suppose that a referee should bdeisinterested but not uninterested.c. Tony can hit a ballfarther than I can.d. We must pursue this mattefrurther.e. The principles behind our constitution are a prin

31、cipal reason for its astounding success.f. All the band instruments except the tuba will be carried to the auditorium for the music contest.g. The federal government comprises the legislative, judicial, and executive branches.h. The whole region was struck by aneconomic disaster.i. (correct)j. He wa

32、s awaked to the risk.5. My sister Lulu accepteda scholarship to study in the UK. She had done verywell in school and the principal thought that living with a British family would teach her a lot. Mother said she would let her go if she bought a box of stationery and promised to write home every week

33、. She said that she would live up to her promise and she always does pretty well in living up to her principles. Soon after she arrived in the UK., she adapted to her new environment. Her new life did not affect her a great deal. She knew that as a student she had to be economical and she was not se

34、lf-consciousof her poor clothing and strange accent. These were the things she was uninterestedin; what fascinated her instead was the cultural differences between the two countries. She found people there liked to pay compliments and were more credulous to what she said. Of course, she never lied to them about her motherland. Though she experienced cultural shocks continually , she developed a fair at