状语从句用法讲解和练习

1、第章状语从句学习指导状语从句在句子中作状语，用来修饰主句或主句的谓语。一般可分为九大 类分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式。尽管 种类较多，但由于状语从句与汉语结构和用法相似，所以理解和掌握它并不难。状 语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词。现分别列举如下：状语从句分九类：在这一章节的学习中，要求同学们掌握各类状语从句基本概念，并能够灵 活应用。第一节时间状语从句时间状语从句用一般现在时表示将来。连接时间状语从句的连接词有：2. when, while, as均可表示当 的时候”when强调 特定时间”表示主句谓语动词的动作与从句谓语动词的动作是 同时发生

2、的，或从句的动作发生在主句的动作之前；while表示的时间是一段，而不是一点，as多用在口语中，强调 同一时间”或一前一后”有时还有 随着” 的含义。When spring came, he felt like a trip 春天来了，他想去旅游。As spri ng warms the good earth, all flowers beg in to bloom. （as 有 随着”的含 义）as, whe n, while都表示主、从句的动作或状态同时发生，但三者也有区别。 as和when引导的从句既可表示一点时间，也可表示一段时间，从句中的谓语动 词既可以是持续性动词，也可以为短暂性动

3、词，经常可以互换使用；while引导的从句通常表示一段时间，从句中宜用持续性动词作谓语。当从句中的谓语动 词为持续性动词时，这三者可以通用（前面例句中已有体现），再如：Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially as / whe n / while father was away in Fran ce妈妈担心，因为小艾丽思病了，特别是当父亲远在法 国的时候。如果从句和主句要表示一个人的两个动作交替进行或同时完成时，则多用 as，可译为 一边，一边。例如：As time goes on, it 越来越暖了。He look

4、ed behi nd from to time as he went.他一边走，一边不时地往后看。's getting warmer and wa着时间的推移，天气变得I thought of it just as you ope ned your mouth.你一张嘴我就知道你要说什么。（若表示两个短促动作几乎同时发生时，用as的场合多于when.）当主从句之间表示转折或对比关系时，多用while,不用as或when。如：She thought I was talki ng about her daughter, while in fact, I was talki ng about

5、 my daughter.她以为我在谈论她女儿，而事实上，我在谈论我的女儿。如果表示从句的动作在主句的动作之前”或 之后”发生时，多用when（=after）,不用 as或 while。此外，when 还含有 “at that moment的意思（=and then），引起的句子不能放在句首，也不能用as, while来替换。例如：He was about to leave whe n the teleph one rang 他正要离开，忽然电话铃响 了。We were watchi ng TV whe n sudde nly the lights went out.我们正在看电视，突 然灯灭

6、了。They had just arrived home whe n it bega n to rain 他们刚至 U家，天就开始下雨 了。3. till/until，表示一直到:主从句都用肯定式；表示 直到才”主句否定，从句肯定。He worked un til it was dark.他一直工作至 U天黑。He did not get up till his mother came in. 直至 U母亲进来他才起床。4. once 一旦”，by the time 至y 时”。Once you see her, you will find what I said is true. 一旦你见到

7、她就会发现我 说的是对的。by the time+现在时，主句用将来完成时。By the time he arrives, we will already have left here.等他至 U达时，我们将已 离开这儿了。by the time+一般过去时，主句用过去完成时。By the time he arrived, we had already left here他到达的时候我们早已离开这 儿了。5. as soon as the moment表示从句动作一发生，主句动作随即发生，通 常译为一就”。As soon as I finish the work, I'll go to

8、 see you.我一完成工作就会来看你。She came to the sce ne the mome nt she heard the n ews她一听至 U消息就来至 U 现场。6. since 自从”， before 在前”，after 在'后”，It was not long before 意为不久”。si nee引导从句用非延续性动词或 过去时间点”或 过去时间段+ago ”主句 用完成时态。Since he graduated, he has worked in this city.他毕业后一直在这个城市工 作。I have n't see n him si ne

9、e last year/ three years ago.去年以来 /3 年来，我没见 过他。选出最佳答案1) he was liste ning to the music, Joh n fell asleep.D. As soon as-A. After B. Before C. While2) How did you try to get to school on time you missed the school bus.A. when B. how C. why D. that3) He was riding to school he was hit by a car this mo

10、rning.A while B. whe nC. asD. so9 / 184) Lucy knew no thi ng about it her sister told her.D. sinceA. because B. until C. if5) The policeman asked the child cross the street the traffic lights turned gree n.A. not; whe n B. don't; before C. not to; un til D. not to; since6) The book was so in ter

11、esti ng that he had read it for three hours he realized it.A. when B. afterC. until D. before7) we had see n all the an imals, we went home.A. Then B. After C. Though D. While8) She has made many friends she came to our school.A. before B. afterC. sinceD. un til9) How long has the weather bee n like

12、 this?A. Un til last ni ghtB. Ever since last ni ghtC. Two days agoD. Two days later10) My un cle went to last year. We have n't see n him.A. since almost a year B. from almost a year onC. after almost a year D. since almost a year ago11) He was so tired that he fell asleep he went to bed.A. as

13、if B. eve n though C. ever sinceD. as soon as12) I knew no thi ng about the accide nt my frie nd told me yesterday.A. because B. since C. until D. after13) I did n't man age to do it you had expla ined how.A. un tilB. since C. while D. after【Keys 1) C 2) A 3) B 4) B 5) A 6) D 7)B 8) C 9) B 10) D

14、 11) D 12) C13) A条件状语从句条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来。引导条件状语从句的连词有：if如果；unless除非，如果不；on condition that条件是；as long as只要2 .表示正面的条件用if女“果”If you don't look after young trees, they will die very quickly.If the museum charges for en try, a lot of people won't be able to visit it.3.表示否定的条件用unless( =if. not)除非，如

15、果不”I shall not go to the cin ema unl ess I fin ish my homework before eight.说明：ifno常可以用unless替代。If you don ' t study hard, you will fail in the exam.You will fail in the exam unl ess you study hard.4. 表示使某事成为现实必要的条件用on condition that条件是” as long as 只要”You may go swimmi ng on con diti on that you

16、 don't swim too far away from the river bank.As long as you don't study hard, you will fail in the exam.5. 祈使结构表条件。前半部分的祈使结构相当于if条件句，可用动词或名词开头；后半部分的简 单句常用一般将来时，有时也用一般现在时。此句型与条件状语从句形成同义 结构。1）祈使句（，）+and/then+简单句 => if从句（否定式）+主句Give me somewhere to stand, and I will move the earth.（女口果）给我一个支

17、点， 我便能掀动地球。=If you give me somewhere to sta nd, I will move the earth.One more word, and I'll turn you out.你再多说一句，我就把你赶出去。=If you speak one more word, I will tur n you out.Use your head, then you'll find a way.动动脑子你就能找到办法。=If you use your head, you'll find a way.2）祈使句（，）+o叶简单句=> if从句（

18、否定式）+ 主语Work eve n harder, or you will n ever pass the exam.女口果不加倍努力，你就永 远无法通过考试。=If you don't work harder, you will n ever pass the exam.Stop telli ng lies, or you will be puni shed.如果你继续说谎，就会受到惩罚。=If you don't stop telli ng lies, you will be puni shed.选择最佳答案填空1) Would you like to go to the

19、 park with me, Susa n?rd like to, you don't want to go alone.A. until B. before C. if D. after2) Tomorrow we'll go to the city park it is sunny.A. as soon as B. when C. if D. asA. while B. if C. but D. or4) Nobody can lear n En glish well you work hard on it.A. if B. uni ess C. whe n D. but5

20、) The sports meet will con ti nueit rains this after noon.A. if B. since C. as soon as D. uni ess【Keys 1) C 2) C 3) B 4) B 5) D第三节原因状语从句和地点状语从句1. 原因状语从句引导原因状语从句的连词有：because, for, sin ce, as, now that1) because意为 因为”表示直接的原因或理由，着重点在从句，用于回答 why，语气最强。He is abse nt today because he is ill.他今天缺席，因为他病了。I d

21、id n't go out because I was busy with homework.我没有出去，因为我忙于 家庭作业。有时，可用because of后接名词或代词表示原因，此时because of二for（介词）。She was look ing all the better for her stay in hospital.她因为待在医院，显得 好多了。2）for意为 因为”引导的从句并不说明主句行为发生的直接原因，只提供 补充说明，且不可位于主句前。for前往往用逗号或分号与主句分开，引起的从 句对主句加以解释。I did n't go to see him, f

22、or a heavy snow was falli ng.我没有去看他，因为在下 大雪。The days were short, for it was now December.白天短了，因为现在已经是十 二月了。We must beg in pla nning now, for the future may bri ng un expected cha nges.我们必须现在就开始筹划，因为将来可能会发生意想不到的变化。有时，for引起的从句并不表示原因，而是表示一种推断或解释，而because则不能。3）since意为 既然” 由于” 一般表示对方已知的、无需加以说明的既成 事实的理由（如

23、果从句表示的原因不是确定的事实，就不能用 since，通常用 because）.Si nee you are goin g, I will go too.既然你要走，我也走了。Si nee you are ill, I'll go alo ne.由于你病了，我就一个人走了。4）as意为由于”表示十分明显的原因，一般说明因果关系，着重点在主 句，语气较弱。As it is snowing, we shall n ot go to the park.由于正在下雪，我们就不去公园 了。He had to apologize, as he knew he had made a mistake

24、他必须道歉，因为他 知道他错了。由as表示的原因语势最弱，常用于口语。5) now that意为既然”有时可将that省去，含义与si nee接近。区别在于: since表示原先已存在的情况，而 now that表示现在才发生的情况。Now that it has stopped rainin g, let's start at on ce.既然现在雨停了，咱们马 上开始吧！2. 地点状语从句引导地点状语从句的连词有：where, wherever, any where, everywherePut it where you can see it.把它放在你看得见的地方。I'l

25、l find him, wherever he is.不管他在哪里我都要找到他。You should put the book where it was你应该把书放在原来的地方。Wherever you go, you should do your work well.不论你到哪里都要把工作做 好。选择最佳答案1) I hope to go to some day there are many famous museums there.A. though B. uni ess C. because D. where2) Would you like to go to the con cert

26、with me?rd love to,I can't.I have a lot of homework to do.A. and; BecauseB. but; Because C. so; And D. and; so3) Jim has bee n in the factory for two yearshe left school.A. when B. since C. as soon as D. whether4) Jack was very tired he played tennis all afternoon.A. if B. as soon as C. because

27、D. beforeA. as B. and C. but D. or6) Jane wore a rain coat it was ra ining.A. so B. but C. however D. because7) The Italia n boy was regarded as a hero he gave his life for his coun try.A. according to B. because of C. on account of D. because【Keys】1) C 2) B 3) B 4) C 5) A 6) D 7) D第四节让步状语从句1. 引导让步状

28、语从句的连词有：although, while, even though, even if, whether. (or not), 用 no matter 十 wh-/how 引导2. although/though 虽然”Although I didn ' t know anybody at the party, I had a very good虽然晚会 上的客人我一个也不认识，但我玩得很愉快。注意“although是个典型的错误，因为but是并列连词，不能与从属连 词although连用。但是，although可与yet, still连用，因为yet, still是副词， 它可使

29、前后关系更明确。3. while意为然而”1) while用于对照，说明两种情况相反，意为然而，但是”Tom is very outgo ing, while Jane is shy and quiets 姆性格外向，而简去卩腼腆 安静。While I was reading, he was play ing.我在读书，而他在玩。2） while意为 虽然，尽管”，同although，此时从句和主句的主语往往为同 一人或物。4. even if即使”（if后陈述的是假设）；even though尽管”（though后陈述 的是事实）。rm going to apply for the job,

30、 even if it pays very little.即使报酬不高，我也要 去申请那份工作。He is an hon est man, I say, eve n though I have opposed him 我说他是个诚实 的人，尽管我反对过他。5. whether （or not无论是或是”.Whether it rains or no t, I shall go out for an out ing. 无论是否下雨，我都要夕卜 出游玩。Whether we win or lose, we are going to do our best.无论胜败，我们都会尽 最大努力。注意whe

31、ther作 无论”解，用现在时表将来；whether作 是否”解时则不 能。They'll go out whether it rai ns or n ot tomorrow. 无论明天是否下雨，他们都 要出去。Can you tell me whether it will rain or not tomorrow? 你能告诉我明天是否下 雨吗？6 .用no matte叶wh- / how的词引导，意为 无论”。No matter who you are, you must obey the law.无论你是谁，你都应当遵纪 守法。It has the same result no m

32、atter which way you do it.无论用什么方法来做， 结果都一样。No matter how cold it is, she ofte n goes swimmi ng.无论有多冷，她总是常去 游泳。选择最佳答案填空1) he's old, he can still carry this heavy bag.A. Though B. Since C. For D. So2) How do you like the con cert give n by the "Foxy Ladies"?Excit ing, one piece of the mu

33、sic was n't played quite well.A. so B. though C. because D. and3) Shall we go on worki ng?Yes, I prefer to have a rest.A. when B. if C. because D. though4) Doctor Li went to see the patie nt it was rai ning heavily.A. because B. and C. sinceD. though5) This dress was last year's style.I thi

34、nk it still looks perfectit has gone out this year.A. so that B. eve n though C. as ifD. ever since6) No matter busy he is, he won't give up his hobby.A. where B. how C. whatD. who7) I n ever seem to lose any weight, hard I try.A. eve n thoughB. no matter howC. as ifD. eversin ceA. how B. where

35、C. whenD. whatii /佃9) Though it's rai ning, are still work ing in the fields.A. they B. but theyC. and they D. so they10) Nobody believed him what he said.A. eve n thoughB. i n spite C. no matterD. con trary to11) what may happe n, I won't cha nge my mind.A. Eve n if B. Although C. PerhapsD.

36、 No matter【Keys】2. 1) A 2) B 3) D 4) D 5) B 6) B 7)B8) C 9) A 10) C11) D第五节目的状语从句结果状语从句和比较状语从句【经典剖析】1 .引导目的状语从句的连词有：in order that目的是为了，so that，以便以in order that，so that引导的目的状语从句谓语通常用 may, might加动词 构成，也可用can/ could或will/would加动词构成。He works hard in order that he can serve his country well.他努力工作，目的 是为了能

37、更好地为国家服务。They started early so that they might arrive in time.他们很早出发，以便按时 到达。注意“fo动名词”不用于表目的，但“for名词”可用于表目的。Write it in simple English to make(不能用 for making) everybody understand. 为了能让每个人都理解，请用简单的英语写。Better get up early for the early train. 为了能赶上早班火车，请早一点起床。2 .引导结果状语从句的词：so that以致，sotha如此 以致，such t

38、hat如此 以致He made a wrong decisi on, so that half of his property was lost.他做了个错误 的决定，以至于他丢失了一半的财产。The box is so heavy that n obody can move it.这个箱子是如此重，（以至于） 无人能移动它。It is such a heavy box that n obody can move it.这个箱子如此重，（以至于） 无人能移动它。注意so that既可引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句，其区别在于： 引导结果状语从句时通常用逗号同主句分开。3. 引导比较状语

39、从句的词有：than 比，asas“一样”，not so a不像一样”，the more the more越越”I know you better tha n he does.我比他更了解你。We walked as fast as we could.我们尽可能地快步行走。The work is not so easy as you thought.这工作没有你想的那么简单。Noth ing is so precious as health没有什么能像健康一样珍贵。The harder you study, the greater progress you will make .你越努力学习，

40、进 步就越大。针对性练习1. 选择最佳答案填空：1） r II leave him a n ote he'll know where we are.A. so that B. so as C. in order D. for2) The question was difficult that nobody could answerA. very; themB. very; it C. so; them D. so; it3) Mike is boy that we all like him.A. a good so B. so good a C. a such good D. such

41、 good a4) They were busy study ing they could n't go to the restaura nt with us.A. so; that B. such; as C. very; that D. eno ugh; as5) It was that he had to ask for help.A. so difficult work B. so difficult a workC. such a difficult work D. such a difficult job6) He started early he could get th

42、ere before nine.A. i n order that B. because C. so as tdD. i n order to7) Robert is good at Ian guages,we all know.A. because B. for C. as D. since8) It looksit's going to rai n.A. that B. as C. as if D. that【Keys】1. 1) in order that 2) so that 3) so. that4) so. that5) such. that2. 1)A2) D 3) B

43、4) A 5) D 6) A7) C 8) C状语从句专练I .选择填空：1. The man can ' t get on the bus because thereno room on it.17 /佃A. wasB. isC. areD. were2.1 was liste ning to the musicthere was a knock at the door.A. while B. whe nC. becauseD. un til3. You may leave the classroom whe n youwrit ing.A. will finish B. are f

44、ini shi ngC. have fini shedD. had fini shed4. I don ' t know if hetomorrow, if he,I' ll meet5. I read, the more I un dersta nd.A. The more B. So muchC. How muchD. For all6. Would you give Joh nny this letter if youto see him this week.A. will happe nB. happe n C. are happe nedD. happe ned7.

45、She was busy,she couldn' t go to your birthday party last night.A. andB. soC. orD. but8. En glish isa useful la nguageit is spoke n in many coun triesof the world.A. so that B. such that C. so because D. such because9. You will not succeeded if youharder.A. will workB. won ' t work C. work D

46、. don ' t work10. Write clearlyyour teacher can un dersta nd you correctly.A. sinceB. forC. becauseD. so that11. he failed , he went on doing the experime nt.A. Eve nB. YetC. AlthoughD. in spite of12. The light went out while wesupper.13. His brother has worked therehe left school.whe nB. afterC. si neeD. un til14. The boy didn't stop talkingthe sec ond bell rang.whe nB. untilC. afterD. becauseA. hadB. had hadC. were hav ingD. would have15. I came into the office, th