APA格式引用规范

1、APA格式引用规范标题根据APA格式，标题是用来组织文章，使得其有层次架构。APA格式规定了文章内“标题”的特定格式(1到5级)，此详细内容可参阅 美 国心理协会刊物手册第五版的第113页，级数和格式如下：第 1 级：置中大小写标题(Centered Uppercase and LowercaseHeading)第 2 级：置中、斜体、大小写标题(Centered, Italicized, Uppercase and Lowercase Heading)第3级：靠左对齐、斜体、大小写标题(Flush Left, Italicized,Uppercase and Lowercase Side H

2、eading)第4级：缩排、斜体、小写标题，最后加句号(Indented, italicized, lowercase paragraph heading ending with a period)第 5 级：置中大写标题 (CENTERED UPPERCASE HEADING)以下是参考文献中的一些用法。APA格式规定“参考文献”部分的人名必须以姓氏的字母顺序来排列， 包括姓氏的前缀。譬如，Martin de Rijke应被改成“ De Rijke,M.” ；Saif Al Falasi则改成“ Al-Falasi, Saif. ”。(阿拉伯文名字通常在姓氏和前缀之间加上连字号“？”，所以姓

3、氏和前缀自成一体。)纸本文献单一作者著作的书籍：Sheril, R. D. (1956). The terrifying future: Contemplatingcolor television. San Diego: Halstead.两位作者以上合著的书籍：Smith, J., & Peter, Q. (1992). Hairball: An intensive peek behind the surface of an enigma. Hamilton, ON: McMaster University Press.文集中的文章：Mcdonalds, A. (1993).

4、 Practical methods for the apprehensionand sustained containment of supernatural entities. In G. L.Yeager (Ed.), Paranormal and occult studies: Case studies inapplication (pp. 42- 64). London: OtherWorld Books.期刊中的文章(非连续页码)：Crackton, P. (1987). The Loonie: God ' s long-awaited gift to colourful

5、pocket change? Canadian Change, 64(7), 34- 37.期刊中的文章(连续页码)：Rottweiler, F. T., & Beauchemin, J. L. (1987). Detroit and Narnia:Two foes on the brink of destruction.Canadian/American Studies Journal, 54, 66- 146.月刊杂志中的文章：Henry, W. A., III. (1990, April 9). Making the grade in today ' s scho

6、ols. Time, 135, 28-31.报纸中的文章：Wrong, M. (2005, August 17). Misquotes areProblematastic says Mayor. Toronto Sol. p. 4.政府官方文献：Revenue Canada. (2001). Advanced gouging: Manual for employees(MP 65 - 347/1124).Ottawa:MinisterofImmigrationandRevenue.线上文献网络文章的打印版本Marlowe, P., Spade,S., &Chan, C.(200

7、1).Detectiveworkand the benefits ofcolour versus blackand white Electronicversion 。Journal of Pointless Research, 11, 123- 124.电子期刊的文章(只有网络版的期刊)Blofeld, E. S. (1994, March 1). Expressing oneself throughPersian cats and modern architecture. Felines & Felons,4, Article 0046g. Retrieved October

8、 3, 1999, from网页地址电子短信(newsletter) 的文章 Paradise, S., Moriarty, D., Marx,C., Lee, O. B., Hassel, E., et al. (1957, July). Portrayalsof fictional characters in reality-based popular writing:Project update. Offthe beaten path, 7(3). Retrieved October 3, 1999, from网页地址从大学课程或系上网站取得的文献Rogers, B. (2078). Faster-than-light travel:What we'