四级翻译技巧及练习

1、V (2 翻译部分一、题型分析汉译英试题部分以插入填空式的形式出现，提供部分英语信息和需要翻译成英语的汉语信息，翻译共有五句话，要求在五分钟内完成，分值占卷面的5%。二、考纲要求汉英翻译的过程是准确地理解中文和创造性的用目标语再现原文内涵的过程。译文要求准确、规范。三、常考考点与解题技巧（一） 常考考点短句翻译考查点常为四级学习中的一些重要的词汇、词组、惯用法、句型等。以2006年6月四级真题为例。Part VI TranslationDirections: Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English

2、 the Chinese given in blankets.87. Having spent some time in the city, he had no trouble _(找到去历史博物馆的路. 参考答案：finding the way to the history museum88. _(为了挣钱供我上学， Mother often takes on more work than is good for her.参考答案：In order to support my university studies (to finance my education89. The profess

3、or required that _(我们交研究报告。参考答案：we hand in our research report(s90. The more you explain, _(我愈糊涂.参考答案：the more confused I am91. Though a skilled worker, _(他被公司解雇了.参考答案：he was fired by the company 1. 重点词汇或短语第87题重点考查考生是否掌握了have trouble（in）doing sth这一结构和短语the way to 的用法。第88题重点考查in order to do sth这一短语的用

4、法。第89题重点考查短语hand in的用法。2. 重点语法重点语法主要包括：虚拟语气、名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句、非谓语动词、时态、语态、独立主格结构、倒装句、省略句等。第89题重点考查考生是否掌握虚拟语气。按照虚拟语气的规则，在表示“命令、建议、请求”动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词要使用should do”的形式，should可以省略。第91题重点考察被动语态和时态的用法。3. 特殊的句型结构特殊的句型结构包括：倍数表达法、强调句、名词前多个形容词的顺序、比较结构等等。第90题重点考查考生是否掌握 “越越”结构的用法。现将常考句型结构简单归纳如下：1）倍数表达法 X times as +

5、adj/adv.+asX times +adj/adv.+ thanX times + width/length/breadth/value2）强调句型 it is/was +被强调内容+that/who3 名词前多个形容词的顺序： 限定词（冠词、代词、数词）+一般描述+年龄+形状+颜色+来源+材料+目的4）直到才 not until5 可能 it is likely /chances are that/it is possible that6 一 就 hardly/scarcelywhen7 据说/据报道/据调查/据估计 It is said/reported/surveyed/estima

6、ted.that.8 除了以外别无选择 have no option/choice/alternativebut to9 也是 so/neither+助动词+主语10 越越 the more the more（二） 解题技巧在做汉译英试题时，首先需要同时考虑所给的英语和汉语信息，需要完整而准确地理解原句。翻译过程是一个从理解到表达的过程，只有做到对原句的准确理解，才能把原语言翻译成准确的目标语。同时，要能从大量积累的目标语料中找到能恰当的表达原语言的内容，按照一定的语法规则完成翻译的过程。在翻译完成后，还要考虑整个句子结构是否完整，较特殊的词汇或语法项目的用法是否恰当。常用基本翻译方法:1.

7、顺序法：不改变原文表达语序。Eg. 他打开门，发现屋子里乱七八糟。He opened the door and found the room was in a mess.2. 逆序法：根据目标语表达习惯，按原文的反向翻译。Eg. 上课前他读了两遍课文。He read the text twice before class.3. 增译法：译文中增加原文没有的词句，补全原文隐含的内容。Eg. 听说你升职的消息，很是高兴。I was very happy on hearing that you got promoted.4. 减译法：译文中省略原文中无关紧要的内容。Eg. 政府要采取有力措施解决环境

8、污染问题。The government is going to take strong measures to solve the environmental pollution.5. 词性转换法：将原文中的某个词的词性在译文里用其它词性的词表达出来。Eg. 你赞成还是反对这项计划？Are you for or against this plan?6. 分句法：将原文中的一个句子译成两个或两个以上句子。Eg. 十一月，苏得了肺炎。It was in November, and Sue fell a victim to pneumonia.7. 合句法：将原文中的两个或两个以上的句子译成一个句子

9、。Eg. 他粗心大意，车撞倒了树上。His carelessness resulted in the car crash into a tree.四、专项练习Test 1Directions: Complete the following sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in the brackets.1. Since the examination is around the corner, _ ( 我不得不放弃做运动 .2. The teacher always tells us that _ ( 我们必须把学

10、到的知识应用于实际工作中 .3. ( 不用说 _ that hes been there before.4. You would get some discount, were _ ( 若你能多订阅几种周刊 such as Time or Newsweek.5. Owing to lack of funds, the project _ (似乎注定要失败 from the start.Test 2Directions: Complete the following sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in the br

11、ackets.1. It _ (他突然想到 that the son might have killed his father.2. (据报道 _ the company is short of manpower, materials and money.3. _ (我们刚把麦子割下来 than it began to rain.4. As an old saying goes, “ _” (诚实为上策.5. The professor required that _ (我们交研究报告 by Wednesday.Test 3Directions: Complete the following

12、sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in the brackets.1. He expects to _ (接管生意 when his father retires as president.2. In spite of his broken leg, _ (他坚持工作.3. His background is rather _(和我的相似.4. Dont employ someone you suspect, _ (用人不疑.5. The board of directors only sets basic guid

13、elines but, _ (涉及到小事的处理，its up to you.Test 4Directions: Complete the following sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in the brackets.1. _ (从表面上看，她温柔可亲 but really she was the meanest person I have ever met.2. Wed better stop chatting and _ (着手办正事吧.3. Top students usually _ (充分利用课堂时间

14、.4. The story made me think that _ (在类似的处境下，我该做些什么.5. _ (就我而言, I prefer living in the country.Test 5Directions: Complete the following sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in the brackets.1. _ (无论从哪一方面考虑, they ought to be given another chance.2. We must _ (使自己适应 the demands of our

15、 times; otherwise well fall behind the other industrialized nations of the world.3. _ (他们没有去游泳, they went to play football that day.4. After the operation, _ (他的身体很健康.5. We think it most important that _ (理论与实际相结合.答案与知识点总结Test 1参考答案1I am compelled to give up/abandon doing sports.2. we should apply w

16、hat we learned to the practical work3. Its needless to say4. you to subscribe to more weekly magazines5. seems bound to be a failure知识点总结:1. be around the corner 很近，在附近; （比喻义）就要来临eg. Her house is just around the corner.There were good times around the corner.cut corners ( 常不按规则或省略地 用最简捷经济的方式做事，图省事cu

17、t the corner 走捷径，抄近道2. discount n. 折扣 同义词: reductioneg. a 10% discount 九折3. owing to 因为，由于eg. The game was cancelled owing to torrential rain.Test 2参考答案1. occurred to him suddenly2. It is reported that3. No sooner had we got in the wheat4. Honesty is the best policy.5. we hand in our research report

18、(s知识点总结：1. be short of 不足，短缺eg. He is not short of excuses when things go wrong.2. saying n. 谚语，格言，警句as an old saying goes 常言道eg. “Accidents will happen”, as an old saying goes. 常言道:“意外事，总难免”。3. 由require, advise, ask, beg, command, decide, demand, desire, determine, insist, order prefer(宁愿, propose,

19、 recommend, request, require, suggest(建议 等动词引导的that 宾语从句在表示指令性含义的时候，从句应该用虚拟语气。类似的形容词有advisable, appropriate, better, desirable, essential, important, impossible, insistent, necessary , preferable, proper, strange, urgent, vital 等。Test 3参考答案1. take over the business2. he insisted on working3. similar

20、 to mine4. nor suspect someone you employ5. when it comes to managing minor matters知识点总结：1. retire v. 退职，退休eg. She was forced to retire early from teaching because of ill health.He has no plan to retire as editor of the magazine.retirement n. 2. in spite of 尽管，无论eg. In spite of his age, he still lea

21、ds an active life.They went swimming in spite of all the danger signs. despite (prep 不管, 尽管eg. She was good at physics despite the fact that she found it boring.3. suspect v. 疑有，觉得(尤指坏事可能属实或发生; 怀疑(某人有罪eg. If you suspect a gas leak, do not strike a match or even turn on an electric light.He resigned

22、after being suspected of theft.suspicion n. 怀疑suspicious adj. 感觉怀疑的；令人怀疑的4. board of directors 董事会set guideline 制定方针5. be up to 是的职责或责任；由决定eg. Its not up to you to tell me how to do my job.Shall we eat out or stay in? Its up to you.Test 4参考答案1. On the outside she appears gentle and kind2. get down t

23、o business3. make full use of class time4. what should we do under similar circumstance5. For my part知识点总结：1. d (had better/best do sth 最好(做某事eg. Wed better go to the doctor about your cough.2. top adj. (位置、级别或程度最高的eg. Hes one of the top players in the country.3. prefer v. 更喜欢；认为胜过eg. I prefer jazz

24、to rock music.The donor prefers to remain anonymous.I prefer playing in defence.I would prefer that you did not mention my name.Test 5参考答案1. Taking everything into consideration/account2. adapt ourselves to 3. Instead of going swimming4. he is in good health/condition5. theory be combined with pract

25、ice知识点总结：1. demand n. (坚决的要求；所需之物; 顾客的要求或需要eg. This firm attempts to meet/satisfy the customers demand.Theres an increased demand for organic produce these days.v. 强烈要求; 需要eg. The UN has demanded that all troops be withdrawn.I demand to see the manager.This sport demands both speed and strength.on d

26、emand 一经要求eg. Feed the baby on demand.2. fall behind (sb./sth. 落后，落在后面eg. She soon fell behind the leaders.fall behind with sth. 拖欠；没有及时做eg. They had fallen behind with their mortgage repayment.3. sb. think it most important/vital/urgent/significant etc. that某人认为最重要/关键/紧迫/有意义等，从句中要用虚拟语气，should 可以省略1

27、. 英语四六级作文八种常用句型(一 原因1. A number of factors are accountable for this situation. A number of factors might contribute to (lead to (account for the phenomenon (problem. 2. The answer to this problem involves many factors. 3. The phenomenon mainly stems from the fact that. . . 4. The factors that contri

28、bute to this situation include. . . 5. The change in . . . largely results from the fact that. . . 6. We may blame . . . , but the real causes are. . . 7. Part of the explanations for it is that . . . One of the most common factors (causes. is that . . . Another contributing factor (cause. is . . .

29、Perhaps the primary factor is that But the fundamental cause is that(二 比较 1. The advantages far outweigh the disadvantages. 2. The advantages of A are much greater than those of B. 3. A may be preferable to B, but A suffers from the disadvantages that. . . 4. It is reasonable to maintain that . . .

30、but it would be foolish to claim that. . . 5. For all the disadvantages, it has its compensating advantages. 6. Like anything else, it has its faults. 7. A and B has several points in common. 8. A bears some resemblances to B. 9. However, the same is not applicable to B. 10. A and B differ in severa

31、l ways. 11. Evidently, it has both negative and positive effects. 12. People used to think . . . , but things are different now. 13. The same is true of B. 14. Wondering as A is, it has its drawbacks. 15. It is true that A . . . , but the chief faults (obvious defects are . . . (三 批驳1. It is true th

32、at . . . , but one vital point is being left out. 2. There is a grain of truth in these statements, but they ignore a more important fact. 3. Some people say . . . , but it does not hold water. 4. Many of us have been under the illusion that. . . 5. A close examination would reveal how ridiculous th

33、e statement is. 6. It makes no sense to argue for . . . 7. Too much stress placed on . . . may lead to . . . 8. Such a statement mainly rests on the assumption that . . . 9. Contrary to what is widely accepted, I maintain that . . . (四 后果1. It may give rise to a host of problems. 2. The immediate re

34、sult it produces is . . . 3. It will exercise a profound influence upon. . . 4. Its consequence can be so great that. . . (五 举例1. A good case in point is . . . 2. As an illustration, we may take . . . 3. Such examples might be given easily. 4. . . . is often cited as an example. (六 证明1. No one can d

35、eny the fact that . . . 2. The idea is hardly supported by facts. 3. Unfortunately, none of the available data shows . . . 4. Recent studies indicate that . . . 5. There is sufficient evidence to show that . . . 6. According to statistics proved by . . . , it can be seen that . . . (七 开篇1. Many nati

36、ons have been faced with the problem of . . . 2. Recently the problem has been brought into focus. 3. Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic. 4. Recently the issue has aroused great concern among . . . 5. Nowadays there is a growing concern over . . . 6. Never in our history has the idea that . . . been so popular. 7. Faced with . . . , quite a few people argue that . . . 8. According to a recent survey . . . 9. With the rapid development of . . . , . . . (八 结尾1. From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that . . . 2. It is high time tha