高中英语语法-代词和练习题

1、 高中英语语法-代词代词分为九类:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词疑问代词、连接代词、不定代词、关系代词。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的作用。1、人称代词(1人称代词作主语用主格,作宾语、表语用宾格,但应注意以下情况:在比较级的句子中than、as后用主格、宾格都可以。如:He is taller than me但在下列句中有区别。I like Jack as much as her.=I like both Jack and her.I like Jack as much as she.=I like Jack and she likes him, too.(2两个以上的人称代

2、词并列,其次序排列原则:在并列主语中,“I”总是放在最后,排列顺序为:二三一(人称。宾格me也一样。You ,she and I will be in charge of the case.Mr.Zhang asked Li Hua and me to help him.第三人称,男女两性并用,男先女后。He and she still dont agree to the pl an.(3几个人称代词的特殊用法。we/you(口语常用来泛指一般人。she可以代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等。The “Titanic”was the largest, wasnt she?2.物主代词(1名词和形容词

3、性物主代词各自的语法功能。(2ones own=.of ones own句式的转换。3.反身代词(1反身代词的语法功能:宾语、表语、主语或宾语的同位语。(2反身代词和某些动词连有,构成固定短语。enjoy oneself, feel oneself, make oneself at home, make oneself understood(3反身代词还可用于某些成语中。for oneself为自己或独立地,of oneself自然地,自动地by oneself独自地,in oneself本身性质,beside oneself喜怒哀愁至极This problem gets a chapter

4、to itself.这个问题占了一章(独有。Just between ourselves, I dont think much of him.私下地说我并不怎么看重他。They were discussing about it among themselves.(相互共同Left to himself he began to write.别人走后只留下他,他写了起来。4.相互代词(each other, one another相互代词无人称、数和格的区别,在句中作宾语。其所有格分别为each others 、one anothers ,作定语。一般来说,each other指两者之间,one

5、another指三者或三者以上之间,但现在区分已 不明显。5.指示代词(this, that , these, those, such, same指示代词具有形容词和代词两种词性,在句子中可以作定语、主语、宾语或表语等。(1指示代词this和that的区别。this (these一般指时间或空间上较近的人或物;that(those常指时间或空间较远的人或物。This is my desk and that is yours.In those days they could not go to school.this常指后面要讲到的事物,有启下的作用;that则指前面讲到过的事物,有承上的作用。

6、I want to tell you this:the English party will be held on Saturdayafternoon.He hurt his leg yesterday. Thats why he didnt come.为了避免重复,常用that或those代替前面已提过的名词。The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Nanjing.The ears of a rabbit are longer than those of a fox.this在电话用语中作自我介绍,that询问对方;this和that可以当

7、副词用,意思相当于副词so。(2such和same的用法。such指“这样的”人或事,在句中作主语和定语。Such was the story.We have never seen such a tall building.same指“同样的”人或事,在句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语,same的前面要用定冠词the.The same can be said of the other article.另一篇文章也是同样的情况。(主语Whether he can do it or not,it is all the same to me.他是否能做这事,对我来说都一样。(表语6、疑问代词(who,w

8、hom,which,what,whose疑问代词在句中作主语、宾语、定语和表语。(1who/what询问姓名或关系。Who is he? He is my brother./He is Henry.询问职业或地位。What is he?He is a lawyer/teacher.What/who 作主语时,谓语动词的数取决于说话人的视点,可单数也可复数。What is /are on the table?Who is/are in the library?(2which与who、whatwhich表示在一定范围内,而who、what则无此限制。I found two books on the

9、 desk.Which is yours?7.连接代词和关系代词 连接代词与疑问代词的形式相同,主要有who、whom、whose、what、which以及它们与ever 合成的代词whoever、whomever、whatever、whichever等。它们用来引导主语从句,宾语从句和表语从句,即连接复合句中的主句和从句,并在从句中担任一定的句子成分。关系代词是用来引导定语从句的代词,它们包括who、whom、whose、which、that等。这两类代词的用法详见“名词性从句”和“定语从句”部分。8、不定代词不定代词主要有:all、each、every、both、either、neithe

10、r、one、none、little、few、many、much、other、another、some、any、no等。还有由some、any、no和every构成合成代词,不定代词具有名词和形容词的性质,并有可数和不可数之分,在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语、状语等(every、no只能作定语。下面介绍几组主要不定代词的用法与区别。(1some与any一般用法:some、any可与单、复数可数名词及不可数名词连有。some一般用于肯定句,any多用于疑问、否定或条件句。He has some Chinese paintings.(定语Some like sports,others l

11、ike music.(主语Do you have any questions to ask?(定语I dont know any of the students.(宾语特殊用法:any用于肯定句表示“任何”的意思。Any child can do that.(定语You may take any of them.(宾语some用于单数可数名词前表示“某一”。Smith went to some place in England.(定语在期待对方回答yes 时,some用在表示请求或邀请的问句中。Would you like some bananas?(邀请Mum,could you give

12、me some money?(请求some 用于否定句表示部分否定。I dont know some of the students.(宾语some和any在句中还可作状语,作副词。some意为“大约”相当于“about”,而any则表示程度,意为“稍,丝毫”。如:There are some 300 workers on strike.Do you feel any better today?(2one,both,allone作定语、表语、主语或宾语,可以指人或物,表示“一个”的意思,其复数为ones,指人时,其所有格是ones,反身代词是oneself.One should try one

13、s best to serve the people.(主语、定语This is not the one I want.(表语 one、ones可以代替上文提到过的名词,以免重复,one、ones前面分别可以用this、that、these、those或the、which等词修饰。如:These books are more interesting than those ones.Here are three pens.Which one is yours,this one or that one or the one in the pencil-box?both用作定语、宾语、主语和同位语,

14、可以指人或指物,表示“两者都”的意思。This maths problem can be worked out in both ways.(定语Both of the boys are here.(主语We both are students.(同位语注意:both用于否定句,表示部分否定;表示完全否定时,用neither。如:Both of us are not teachers.我们俩并不都是教师。Neither of us is a teacher. 我们俩都不是教师。both不能放在the、these、those、my等之后,而应放在它们的前面。如:Both my parents li

15、ke this film.Both the /these boys are tall.all用作主语、表语、宾语、定语、同位语,指“全部的”、“整个的”,可与可数或不可数名词连用,除少数情况外,一般不与单数可数名词连用,与复数名词连用时,表示“所有的”、“全部的”,指三个或三个以上的人或物。He gave me all the money.他把全部的钱给了我。All the schools are flooded.所有的学校都被淹了。I told him all about it. 我把一切都告诉了他。Thats all for today.今天就在这儿。They have all been

16、to Xian.他们都去过西安。注意:all 用于否定句,表示部分否定,完全否定用none。如:Not all the ants go out for food.(or:All the ants dont go out for food.并不是所有的蚂蚁都出去寻找食物。None of the money is mine.这钱一分也不是我的。(3many和muchmany和much都表示“许多”,但many修饰或代替复数可数名词,much修饰或代替不可数名词。它们在句中可作主语、宾语、定语。much有时用作状语。(4few, little; a few, a littlefew和little表示

17、没有多少,含否定意义;而a few 和a little表示有一些,有几个,含肯定意义。另外,few、a few 修饰可数名词;little、a little修饰不可数名词。它们在句中常用作定语、主语和宾语。(5no和noneno=not any,表示“没有”,用来修饰可数名词或不可数名词,通常作定语,none代替不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;代替可数名词作主语时,谓语动词可用单数也可用复数 形式。none还可以在句中作宾语。注意:none既可以指人又可以指物,no one只能指人。(6each和everyeach(各个,指两个或两个以上的人或物,侧重个体,在句中作主语、宾语、定语和同

18、位语。every(每个,指三个或三个以上的人或物,侧重整体,在句中只能作定语。Every student it our class has a dictionary.(定语,强调班上“所有的人”Each student in our class has a dictionary.(定语,强调各个个体Each of them has been there.(主语The teacher gave each of the students a new textbook.(宾语We each got a ticket.(同位语(7either和neithereither是“两者中任何一个”的意思,可修

19、饰或代替单数可数名词,neither是“两者中没有一个”的意思,可以修饰或代替单数可数名词,它们可在句在作主语、宾语或定语。如: Here are two pens. You may take either of them.(宾语Neither boy knows French.(定语注意:either也作副词,其意为“也”,用于否定句的句末。He doesnlike tea, and I dont either.(状语either与or构成连词,意为“不是就是”或“要么要么”。He is eitherJapanese or Chinese.neither用作副词,意为“也不”,即“noteither”。He cant do it, neither canneither可与nor构成连词,意为“既不也不”。Neither he nor you are a student.(8other和another, the others 和othersthe other表示“两者中