研究生英语上学期期末复习

1、考试题型Listening Comprehension (20%A Short Coversation (10%,1分1题提前浏览,有备而听分析选项,预测内容边听边选,不要走神注重听第2个人的话,答案往往在第2个人的话里B Passages (10%,1分1题 同做对话听力题一样,必须注意浏览选项来预测所考内容。注意主题句和关联词。注意辨判细节。(数字、时间、人名、地名、组织机构名称等注意听清问题。Vocabulary (15%,0.5分1题Unit 1-6课文A:最接近划线词组Reading Coprehension (20%,1分1题四篇文章时间分配问题:40分钟,“22+18”、“1+4

2、+5”阅读速度太慢:分清主次关系。下面几点是重点要注意的方面,a段落首末b转折性语言c因果关系d比较关系太快:边看边做标记Translation (30%A 英译中:(5段话,4分1段内容选自Unit1-6课文AB 中译英:(5个句子,2分1句每句中含有一个Unit1-6课文A中的短语或生词Writing (15%阅读1篇文章:A 加小标题(5%关键词重复出现找主题句不用句子,而用短语B Summarize the main idea (5%找每段的主题句,加关联词连起来,最后加一个总结C Give your own opinion on the topic不偏题Unit 1Words and

3、 expressions1 scramble = struggle = compete 竞争2 company = firm = business = venture =corporate公司,企业3 一年半载the next six months to a year4 come from = stem from = derive from源于5 complacency = satisfaction 满足,安逸complancent = satisfied6 瞬息万变a rapidly changing7 work = useful = function 行得通8 未必,不一定not nece

4、ssarily9 tear apart = throw away = discard 抛弃10 lull : calm ones fear esp. by deception 哄骗be lulled to do sth 被忽悠做be lulled into sth 被欺骗eg. be lulled into a false sense of security11 capitalize on = take advantage of 利用12 gourmet = delicious = tasty 美味的;美食家13 at premium price = above the normal pric

5、e 高于一般价格14 obsolete = out-of-date 过时的15精于算计的人bean counter16 implement = put into effect = carry out 贯彻;执行17 be stuck in a rut/trench/routine ofbe obsessed with satisfaction 沉溺于满足become a fixed way of thinking 陷入某种思维定式18 make ones sales pitch = sell ones products19 beat one to the punch = act before

6、other people 先发制人20想出come up with21 in a row = one after another = successively 连续不断地22 come out of woodwork 纷纷登场(esp. sth not very pleasant23 discredit = distrust 不信任24 ridicule = mock = laugh at 嘲讽25 be little = look down upon 轻视26 instant coverage = quick reporting 快报27 viewership = audience 观众28

7、 从众思维herdbrain thinking29 innovation = creative thinking 创新Unit 2Words and expressions1 manure = fertilizer 肥料2停车场parking lots3 使某人大吃一惊take sb by surprise4 冒着的危险run the risk of5 blandness = tasteless 淡而无味的6 at the outset = at the beginning7 装着高贵的,假斯文的genteel8 密切关注take a closer look at9 uneasy = worr

8、ied10 clear = past 通过11 review = examination 审核12 生物科技biotech13 繁荣时期boom times booms and slumps/recessions 繁荣和萧条14 produce shelves = agricultural products 农产品15 对质疑question16 难免犯错的fallible17 摆弄,捣乱go mucking about/around with 18 wind up = end in 以告终;定居在19 欧盟European Union20 tweak from = rebellion aga

9、inst 对的反抗21 intimidate = frighten/threaten 威胁22 economic might = economic power/strength 经济实力23 address = deal with 致力于,着手做24 portend = warn给以警告25 by no means = not at all 决不26 dream up = design 设计27 make a hit = be popular/successful 获得成功28 tweeze out = pick out 提取29 knit into = plant into 植入30 sou

10、ped-up = strengthened = cement 增强的31 yield = output = production 产量32 so much so that = to such an extent that 到如此程度33 churn out = produce in large quantity 大量地粗制滥造34 trigger allergies = cause allergies 引起过敏35 scrap the product = discard the product 抛弃36 some strains of = some types/kinds of37 jumpy

11、 = nervous = worried 神精质,不安38 fussy = become too careful about 过分注重细节39 effectively = in fact 实际上40 outlawed = illegal = banned = contraband 不合法的41 moratorium = ban 禁止42 in the midst of = in the middle of 在中43 catfight = dispute = disagreement 争论44 be high on the agenda (议事日程 = be important45首席执行官ch

12、ief executive officer ( CEO46 gamble on = invest in 投资47 sweet on = fond of 喜欢48 perch = settle/rest 停靠;栖息49 mire in = in difficulty 陷入困境50 wade in = intervene 干预51 lobby = persuade 游说52有最终决定权have the final word/sayTranslation1 Around the world people are taking a closer look at the genetic make-up

13、of what they're eating - and growing uneasy with what they see. Over the past decade, genetically modified (GM food has become an increasingly common phenomenon as scientists have rewoven the genes of countless fruits and vegetables, turning everyday crops into uber-crops (able to resist frost,

14、withstand herbicides and even produce their own pesticides. In all, more than 4 500 GM plants have been tested, and at least 40 - including 13 varieties of corn, 11 varieties of tomatoes and four varieties of soybeans - have cleared government reviews.复合句先翻译从句再翻译主句全世界的人民都在密切地注视他们食品中的基因构成-并越发地为他们所看到的

15、一切感到不安。在过去的十年里,随着科学家们将无数的水果和蔬菜的基因重组,使平常的农作物变成了能抵抗霜冻、经得起除草剂甚至能生产自己的杀虫剂的超级作物,基因改良食品已日益成为普遍现象。就总数而言,超过4,500的基因改良植物已经过测试,其中至少有40种包括13种玉米,11种西红柿和4种大豆已经通过了政府的审核。2 But one country's moratorium is another country's protectionism, and the U.S. is suspicious of Europe's action. Tension between the

16、 U.S. and the E. U. was already running high recently after Europe decided to continue a ban on hormone-raised U.S. beef and the U.S. hit back with a100% tariff on some E. U. food exports. Coming in the midst of such a catfight, the GM ban looks like vengeance as much as prudence. What's more, i

17、f Europe is so worried about GM products, why is it growing them? France produces its own small crop of GM corn and uses more of the stuff than any other country in Europe.但是,一个国家的禁令对另一国家而言就是一种贸易保护主义,美国已在怀疑欧洲的举动。自从欧洲决定继续禁止进口荷尔蒙饲养的美国牛肉(含有荷尔蒙的牛肉; 使用荷尔蒙添加剂饲养的牛肉,而美国又通过对欧洲出口的食品征收100%的关税作为反击,欧美之间的关系近来变得越发

18、紧张。在这种激烈的争斗中,转基因禁令与其说是审慎,不如说是报复。此外,假如欧洲如此担忧转基因食品的话,为什么还要生产它们呢?法国生产了自己的小型转基因玉米,而且使用得比其它欧洲国家更多。Unit 3Words and expressions1 代沟generation gap2 古怪老头geezer3 万事通know-it-all4 tear your hair out = make you feel uncomfortable5 diffuse = lessen = reduce6 职业道德work ethic7 职场workplace8 live within limited means(

19、money= spend as much as that is earned 收支平衡live beyond limited means = not make ends meet 收支不平衡9 status quo = current situation 现状10 all but = almost/nearly 几乎11 figure = believe = think 认为12 demonstrated = obvious 明显的13 get ahead = make progress 进步14 adept in/at = skilled in/at 熟练的15 minefield = la

20、ndmine雷区16 savvy = well informed 有见识的= shrewd 精明老练的savvy = practical understanding 实际才能= shrewdness 精明17 引领;开创usher in18 resourceful = smart and skillful 足智多谋的,善于随机应变的19 self-esteem = self-respect 自尊20 消除代沟bridge the generation gap21 一心多用multitask22 at odds with = quarrel with 与不和;争吵23 turn off = di

21、slike 不喜欢,厌恶24 inception = beginning 开始,开端25 transpire = happen = occur 发生26 某事使某人痛苦不堪sth rankle with sb27 信步走入breeze in28 流行词汇buzzword = a fashionable and popular word29 尽义务dues paying30 lighten up = relax = cheer up 放轻松31 set in your ways = fixed in your ways 固执的,死板的32 matter = count = be importan

22、t 重要33 benefit both parties = go both ways 双方都受益34 instantaneously = as soon as possible = immediatly 立即35 likewise = in the same way 同样36 co-worker = counterpart = colleague 同事37 affinity :strong liking for 强烈的爱好have an affinity fora close relationship 密切关系have an affinity withstrong attraction 吸引力

23、,亲和力Translation1 传统派Traditionalists 婴儿潮世代Baby boomersX世代Generation Xers 千禧世代Millennials2 Generation Xers Born 1965 to 1980 Generation Xers are technologically savvy,having ushered in the era of video games and personal computers during their formative years.But witnessing skyrocketing divorce rates,

24、their parents, being laid off after years of dedicated service and challenges to the presidency,organized religion and big corporations,instilled a sense of skepticism and distrust of institutions.Because they dont expect employer loyalty,they see no problem changing jobs to advance professionally.X

25、世代出生于1965年至1980年。在成长时期,他们进入了电子游戏和个人电脑的时代,因此他们技术上有实际经验。但由于亲眼目睹了急剧增长的离婚率,以及自己多年兢兢业业奋战在工作岗位上、服务于宗教组织或大公司,到头来还是下岗,他们的父母灌输给他们的是对制度的怀疑和不信任。因为X世代不期望忠实于雇主,所以,为谋求专业上的发展而跳槽在他们看来不成问题。Unit 4Words and expressions1 set aside for = use specifically for 专门用于2 manual = guide book 手册3 casual reader = common/ordinary

26、reader 普通读者4 leaft through = turn the pages through 翻书5 extraordinary =exotic foreign 外来的unusual 不同寻常的6 trivially = unimportantly 不重要的7 catch the blight = suffer the blight 得了枯萎病8 in spots = in some places 有些地方 9 dead = gone = passed over = departed 去世 10 amiable = friendly = good-tempered 友好的，和蔼可亲的

27、 11 spectacle = scene 场景，景象 12 behold = see 看见 13 wince = draw back 退缩，萎缩 14 令人厌恶的人或事 abomination 15 plausible = seemingly reasonable 看似有理的 16 at the instance of = instantly = immediately 立刻 17 药理学的 pharmacological pharmacology = the study of medicine biology 18 property = quality = characteristic 性

28、质，特点 19 摇晃 dangle 20 无精打采的；迟缓的 languid 21 administer = put into = give an injection to 注射 =manage 管理 22 基于直觉的想法 hunch 23 close call = narrow escape 幸免于难；死里逃生 24 throw up = vomit 呕吐 25 languid = tired 疲倦的 26 feeble = weak 虚弱的 27 mingle with = mix with 28 mortally = deadly = fatal 致命地；致命的 29 live off

29、= live on 靠生活 30 indispensable = essential = necessary 必不可少的 Translation 1 It seemed to me that my life was hanging only by the tip of my lips.I closed my eyes in order,it seemed to me,to help push it out,and took pleasure in growing languid and letting myself go.It was an idea（that was only floatin

30、g on the surface of my soul）,as delicate and feeble as all the rest,but in truth not only free from distress but mingled with that sweet feeling (that people have who have let themselves slide into sleep.I believe that this is the same state in which people find themselves（whom we see fainting in th

31、e agony of death,and I maintain that we pity them without causeIn order to get used to the idea of death,I find there is nothing like coming close to it. 在我看来，生命似乎就像呡在两片嘴唇之间。我闭上眼睛，好像就要把它挤出去了。我 感觉自己越来越疲倦，在慢慢地逝去，但我却感觉到了快乐。这只是在我心中浮现的一种念 头，与其它东西一样，脆弱无力。但实际上，这种念头不仅能解除人们心头的悲伤，而且还 夹杂着一种人在进入梦乡时才有的那种甜蜜的感觉。我相

32、信这与我们见过的那些因临死时的 痛苦而昏厥的人所处的状态是一样的。我认为我们同情他们是毫无理由的。为了习惯死亡的 概念，我觉得没有什么能比临近死亡更有用了。 2 Pain is useful for avoidance,for getting away when theres time to get away,but when it is end game,and no way back,pain is likely to be turned off,and the mechanisms for this are wonderfully precise and quick.If I had t

33、o design an ecosystem in which creatures had to live off each other and 6 in which dying was an indispensable part of living,I could not think of a better way to manage. 痛苦可以让人避免许多东西，也可以让人在有时间逃脱的时候逃脱。但如果是到了最后 的关头，没有回头路可走了，痛苦很可能就像闸门一样被关掉，它的运行机制是如此的精准 和迅速，让人惊叹。如果让我来设计这样一个生态系统，生物在其中相互依赖着生存，死亡 是其不可或缺的部分

34、，那我是想不到一个比此更好的管理方法了。 Unit 5 Words and expressions 1 name of the game = essence of the game 游戏的实质 2 guidelines = methods = ways 指导方针 3 recruiter = human resources (HR 人力资源 4 thumbs-down = no 不同意 5 appropriately = suitably 适当地 6 overdress = dress too formally 过分打扮 7 prospective = expected 预期的=probable

35、 可能的 8 quitting = break/rest 休息 9 grooming = appearance 打扮，外表 10 sloppy = careless 11 poised = balanced/calm/still 平稳的 poised to do = ready to do 准备做 12 无精打采地立、坐或行动 slouch 13 be favorably impressed = have a good impression of 14 promptly = quickly 敏捷地 15 briskly = energetically 充满活力地 16 small talk =

36、 chat 17 做事拖拖拉拉 drag out 18 get down to business = start working 开始做正事 19 disjointed =broken = illogical 破碎的，不连贯的，没逻辑的 20 come across as = appear as = make an impression 看起来 21 discern = recognize 辨认出 22 诽谤某人 badmouth sb 23 justified = reasonable = acceptable 有正当理由的，事出有因的 24 give voice to = express

37、表达 25 whiner = complainer 抱怨者 26 be dying to = be eager to 渴望 27 cover those questions = deal with/disscuss those questions 涉及/讨论那些问题 28 courteous = polite 彬彬有礼的 29 tip the scales = tip the situation 扭转局面 30 No amount of preparation is going to 无论再怎么准备，也不可能 Translation 1 The job-interview “game” may

38、 not be much fun,but it is a game you can win if you play it right.The name of the game is standing out of the crowdin a positive way.If you go to the interview in a Boze the Clown suit,youll stand out the crowd,all right,but not in a way that is likely to get you hired. 7 求职面试的“游戏”可能并不太好玩，但是如果你玩得得法

39、的话你还是能够获胜的。面 试这个游戏的要点就是要“与众不同”以一种积极的方式。如果你穿着一身扮小丑的 “傻瓜”服装参加面试的话，你将“与众不同”；但是毫无疑问，那种“与众不同”的方式 不能帮助你面试成功，得到这份工作。 2 In talking about your strong points,mention traits (that will serve you well in this particular job.If you are well-organized,a creative problem-solver,a good team member,or a quick learne

40、r,be ready to describe specific ways those strengths have served you in the past.Dont make the mistake of saying. “I dont have any real weakness.”Youll come across as more believable if you admit a flawbut make it one that an employer might actually like.For instance,admit that you are a workaholic

41、or a perfectionist. 在谈及你的长处时要特别指出对你目前申请的工作有帮助的个性特点。如果你行事井井 有条，善于创造性地解决问题；如果你能很好地与人合作或是学习新事物特别快，请把过去 你的这些长处具体发挥的情况描述一番。千万别说： “我没有什么弱点” ，这样的错误不能犯。 主动承认自己的某个缺点就会使你看上去更加可以信任但这个缺点应当是一个面试官很 有可能喜欢的缺点。比如，承认你是个工作狂或完美主义者。 Unit 6 Words and expressions 1 deteriorate = worsen 变坏，恶化 2 nurture = nourish 滋养 Vt 3 co

42、me up with = bring forth = put forward 提出，想出 4 not be anywhere close to being solved = far from being solved 远远没有达到被解决的境地 5 protocol = treaty = agreement = accord = resolution 公约，决议 6 call for 号召= advocate 提倡 = require 要求 7 逐步停止 phaseout : a gradual stopping 8 finger = point out 指出 9 assault = attac

43、k 袭击 10 spur = boost = galvanize = stimulate 刺激，激励 11 temperate region = temperate zone 温带地区 12 dip = decrease = go down = drop = decline 下降 13 proceed on schedule = proceed as planned/arranged 准时，按预定时间进行 14 observe = comment = say 15 recharge = refill 重新充满，再填充 16 comply with = comform to = obey 遵守

44、17 recuperate = recover 复原 18 critical = important 关键的 19 ward off = prevent = keep away from = stop 阻挡，排除 20 wreck = destroy = damage = disrupt 毁坏 21 shift = change = switch 改变 22 减排 reduce emissions 23 能效 energy efficiency 24 exempt from = free from 免除，豁免 8 25 pilot project = experimental project 试点计划 26 laggard = fall behind 落后 27 wear thin = become ineffective 逐渐无效= cant hold water 站不住脚 28 专家组 panel: a group of experts 29 scenario = prospect = outlook 预想，设想的前景 30 可持续的 sustainable 31 combat = fight against