计算机专业英语复习题

1、1. 判断题（ ） 1. Operating system first appeared during the third computer generation.（ ） 2. Unlike the other buses, the address bus always receives data fromthe CPU; the CPU never reads the address bus.（ ） 3. The main operations of set algebra are complementation, union andintersection.（ ） 4. If an emp

2、ty stack is popped, we say the stack overflows, which isnormally an error.（ ）5. The CPU can be shared in a sequential manner only.（ ）6. Freeware is free software with no restriction.（ ）7. Whenwriting data to memory, the CPUfirst outputsthe data onto thedata bus, then outputs the address onto the add

3、ress bus.（ ） 8 The FORTRAN programming language was developed during the firstcomputer generation.（ ） 9 A stack is a dynamic set that obeys the FIFO property.（ ） 10 Twopopular strategies for resource allocation are static allocationand dynamic allocation.（ ） 11 The CPU can be shared in a sequential

4、manner only.（ ） 12. A program written in the assembly language of one microprocessorcan run on a computer that has a different microprocessor.（ ） 13. Object-oriented programming（OOP） is a programming language modelorganized around “ objects ” rather than “ actions ” and data rather than logic.（ ） 14

5、. FORTRAN is a particularly good language for processing numericaldata, but it does not lend itself very well to organizing large programs.（ ） 15. C+ and Smalltalk are two of the more popular object-orientedprogramming language.2. 词汇Vacuum tube 真空管 general purpose 通用 transistor 晶体管LSI （ Large Scale

6、Integrated Circuit ） ：大规模集成电路VLSI(Very Large Scale Integrated Circuit ) ：超大规模集成电路Mainframe 大型机 medium-sized computer 中型机 minicomputer 小型机Microcomputer 小型机machine language 机器语言 assembly language 汇编语言high-level language 高级语言Multiprogramming 多道程序设计virtual memory 虚拟存储 time-share 分时Batch system 批处理系统inte

7、ractive system 交互式系统Instruction cycle 指令周期Address bus, data bus, control busInternal register 内部寄存器 external register 外部寄存器 flag register 标志寄存器Instruction register 指令寄存器program counter 程序计数器 combinatorial logic 组合逻辑Control signal 控制信号 instruction code 指令代码 instruction pipeline 指令流水线Bidirectional 双向的

8、 unidirectional 单向的ALU(Arithmetic Logic Unit) 算术逻辑单元Decimal system 十进制 binary system 二进制 quinary system 五进制 duodecimal system 十 二进制Boolean algebra 布 尔 代 数 set algebra 集 合 代 数 empty set 空 集 universal set 全 集 intersection 交 complement 补 finite set 有限集 infinite set 无限集Stack 堆栈 queue 队列 underflow 下溢 ove

9、rflow 上溢 pseudocode 伪码 LIFO(Last in first out) 后进先出 FIFO(First in first out) 先进先出Linked list 链表 doubly linked list双向链表Circular list 循环链表Resource allocation 资源分配user interface 用户接口static resource allocation 静态资源分配 dynamic resource allocation 动态资源分配sequential sharing 串行共享concurrentsharing 并行共享resource

10、 preemption 资源抢占 memory sharing 存储器共享sequentialprogram 顺序程序concurrent program 并发程序packet filtering firewall 包过滤防火墙intrusion detection 入侵检测 open source 开放源代码的Middleware 中 间 件 liteware 不 具 备 部 分 性 能 的 共 享 软 件 shareware 共 享 软 件 freeware 免费软件CAD/CAM Computer Aided Design/Manufacture 计算机辅助设计/制造Software l

11、ife cycle 软件生存期 Software engineering 软件工程System engineering andanalysis 系统工程与分析 Software requirement analysis 软件需求分析Prototype 原型 fix-it coding 纠错式编码，修改式编码MIS/DP ( Management Information System/Data Processing ) 管理信息系统/数据处理Machine language 机器语言 assembly language 汇编语言OOPL(Object-oriented programming l

12、anguage) 面向对象的程序设计语言3、选择() 1 Which one below is not a characteristic that we associate with a true computertoday?A electronic B automatic C stored-program D general-purpose() 1 Which one below was the first machine whose design included all the characteristicsof a computer.A Z3 B Mark I C ENIAC D ED

13、VAC() 1 Which characteristic was not belong to ENIAC?A electronic B general-purpose C stored program D capable of performing thousands of operations per second() 1 Which one below is the world s first computer to become operational?A EDSAC B BINACC UNIV ACD EDVAC() 1 Which one below is the first com

14、puter to operate in the United State?A EDSACB BINACC UNIV ACD EDVAC() 1 Which one below is the first commercially available computer?A EDSACB BINACC UNIV ACD EDVAC) 1 The was the most popular first-generation computer.A ENIAC B EDSAC C UNIV AC I D IBM 650) 1 The first minicomputer became available i

15、n 1960, and its name was.A UNIV AC 1B IBM 360C PDP-1D PDP-8) 1 The most popular minicomputer in third generation was.A UNIV AC 1B IBM 360C PDP-1D PDP-8) 1 Which one below is not a feature of modern operating systems.A multiprogramming B virtual memory C compatibility D time-sharing() 2 When writing

16、data to memory, the CPU first outputs theontothe bus, then outputs the onto the bus.A addressaddress datadataB datadata addressaddressC addressdata addressdataD dataaddress dataaddress() 2 When the CPU fetches data from memory, it first outputs the memory_on its bus, then memory outputs the onto the

17、 bus.A addressaddress datadataB datadata addressaddressC addressdata addressdataD dataaddress dataaddress) 2 The bus consists of n lines, which combine to transmit one n-bit addressvalue. -A address B data C control D system) 2 Which one below is not a register that belongs to the register section o

18、f a processor.A program counter B instruction registerC flash memory D flag register) 5 Which one below is not a system provided resource?A files B CPU C memory D printer) 5 Which kind of resource can be shared in a concurrent manner?A memory B printer C data files D CPU) 5 Preemption of system reso

19、urces is used by the OS to enforce in their useby programs.A efficiency B fairness C speed D utilization) 6 enables the application software to interact with the computer.A Middleware B Operating system C System software D Shareware) 6 Which one below is not a key element of software engineering?A m

20、ethods B designs C tools D procedures()7. Which one below is not the benefit og object-oriented programming?A. inheritance B. data hidingC. reuse D. complex4 .填空1、The characteristics that we associate with computers today are that the machine is electronic, that it has a stored program, and it is ge

21、neral purpose.1、the features of modern operating systems include multiprogramming, virtual memory, and time-sharing.2、When writing data to memory, the CPU first outputs the address onto the , then outputs the data onto the.2、When the CPU fetches data from memory, it first outputs the memory address

22、on its, then memory outputs the data onto the.2、The bus is a collection of individual control signals.2、The is the procedure a microprocessor goes through to process an instruction2、The signal is a signal on the control bus which the microprocessor asserts when it is ready to read data from memory o

23、r an I/O device.3、The of any two sets (subsets of a given set) consist of those elements thatare in one of the other or in both given sets.3、The of any two sets consists of those elements that are in one or theother or in both given sets; The of two sets consists of those elements that arein both gi

24、ven sets.4、The INSERT operation on a stack is often called, and the DELETE operation is often called.4、The INSERT operation on a queue is often called, and the DELETE operation is often called.5、OS functions can be classified into resource allocation and related functions, and user interface functio

25、ns.5、Two popular strategies for resource allocation are: and5、 Two ways of resource sharing are: and6、 Software is often divided into software and software.6、The term is used to describe programming that mediates between application andsystem software or between two different kinds of application so

26、ftware.7、 software controls the computer and enables it to run the software and hardware.7、Lying between machine languages and high-level languages are _assembly languages., which are directly related to a computer s machine language.7、Object-oriented programming(OOP) is a programming language model

27、 organized around : rather than actions and rather than logic.7、All high-level language programs must be translated into machine language so that the computer can understand it. There are two ways to do this: compile the program or the program.5 .翻译1、 A computer is an electronic device that can rece

28、ive a set of instructions, or program, and then carry out this program by performing calculations on numerical data or by compiling and correlating other forms of information.2、 As more and more transistors were put on silicon chips, it eventually became possible to put an entire computer processor,

29、 called a microprocessor, on a chip.随着越来越多的晶体管被集成到硅芯片上，将一整个计算机处理器(称为微处理器)放在一个芯片上终于成为可能。3、 The CPU decodes the instruction, and controls the execution procedure. It performs some operations internally, and supplies the address, data, and control signals needed by memory and I/O devices to execute the

30、 instruction.CPU对指令译码并且控制整个执行过程。它执行一些内部操作，并且为存储器和I/O设备执行指令提供必要的地址、数据和控制信号。4、 This unit generates the internal control signal that cause registers to load data, increment or clear their contents, and output their contents, as well as cause the ALU to perform the correct function.5、 Given a subset of

31、T, such as S, we may define the complement of S with respect to a universal set T to consist of precisely those elements of T which are not included in the given subset.给定T的一个子集，例如子集S,我们可以定义一个关于全集T的S的补集。其中正好包含那些不在子集 S中而在T中的元素。6、 The union of any two sets (subsets of a given set) consists of those el

32、ements that are in one or the other or in both given sets; the intersection of two sets consists of those elements that are in both given sets.任何两个集合(已给定集合的若干子集)的并集包含了出现于这两个子集中某一个集合 或同时出现于这两个集合中的所有元素；两个集合的交集包含了同时出现于这两个集合中的元素。7、 A stack is a data type whose major attributes are determined by the rule

33、s governing the insertion and deletion of its elements.8、 Static resource allocation is simple to implement, however, it could lead to suboptimal utilization because the allocation is made on the basis of perceived needs of a program, rather than its actual needs.静态资源分配易于实现，但由于它不是从程序的实际需要出发，而是根据程序预先提出的需求来做决定，所以容易导致系统利用率下降。6 、 Packaged software refers to programs prewritten by professional programmers that are typically offe