(完整word版)新概念英语第三册语法详解和总结(带习题),推荐文档.docx

1、新概念第三册语法详解和总结（带习题和答案）第一章英语从句Subordination英语从句主要有定语从句，状语从句和名词性从句（主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句）一.定语从句|1.|定语从句:由关系代词who, whom, whose, that, which;关系副词 when, where, why引导。（下面十个句子请读5遍并脱口译出！）1. The death notices tell us about people who have died during the week.2. The man （whom） you spoke to just now is my frien

2、d.3. The building whose lights are on is beautiful.4. Please find a place which we can have a private talk in.5. The knee is the joint where the thighbone meets the large bone of the lower leg.6. He still remembers the day when he went to school.7. It is no need telling us the reason why you didn

3、9;t finish it in time.8. He has three sons, two of whom died in the war.9. Mr. Smith, whose wife is a clerk, teaches us English.10. In the Sunday paper there are comics, which children enjoy.|z. I只能用that和who引导的定语从句A . all, nothing, anything, a few, one 做先行词指物时B .先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时，后面常跟 that而不是which.C.先行

4、词前有 the only, the first, the last, the next, the very等词修饰时，引导词只能用 thatoD.当先行词是 anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody 时，后面要用 who 或 whom ； All that glitters is not gold.闪光的并非都是金子。口 as引导定语从句as引导的定语从句有两种形式：A.引导限制性语从句。在此类定语从句中，as常与主语中作为其先行词的such, the same或as联用构成，“ such. as "，u the

5、same. as 和“ asas”句型，可代替先行词。例如：We hope to get such a tool as he is using.我们希望得到他正在用的那种工具。B . as引导非限制性定语从句时，作用与 which相同，as作为关系代词代替整个主句。（这是语法考试的一个考点。）注意区别:as引导的从句用于句首、句中或句后，而 which引导的定语从句不能放在句首。例如： As is reported, a foreign delegation will vis it the city.据报道，一个外国代表团将访问这个城市。二.状语从句超级作文联接词及词组，全部拿下！ 原因：be

6、cause, since, now that （既然）as, for, this reason. 结果：so that, so, therefore, consequently, so as to, as a result.（3） 时间: after, before, when, while, as, until, as soon as, since, by the time, once, lately, presently, shortly after, currently, at present, nowadays . 条件：if only if., once, unless, in th

7、e event （that）, in case （that）, provided that, on the condition that, etc. 让步：though, although, even though（if）, no matter what / how / when f whatever / however / whenever . 目的：in order that, in order to, to, 比较：than, as . as, by comparison （相比较）,by contrast （相对照）.三.名词性从句15王牌要点:通常由 that或疑 出。1. How

8、some mammals came to live in the sea is not know.（主 从句）2. The attorney told his client that they had little chance of winning the case.（ 从句）3. The problem is what we'll do next.（表 从句）4. We have no idea that he has come back.（同位 从句）同位（Appositive ）:同位是英法的重点内容，也是各考中的一个考点， 同，在写作中正确运用同位可以使你的句型更加得体。新概

9、念英第三册第一有一个句子：When reports came into London zoo that a wild puma had beenspotted forty-five miles south of London, they were not taken seriously.（当敦物园接到告，在敦以南45英里一只美洲，些告并没有受到重。）在里，a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London 就是同位从句，它本来 放在 “reports”后面，里却被放在了成分came into London zoo的后面，目

10、的是句型得更 重。1 .:同位从句，就是某些名做一步的解的句子I was greatly shocked when I heard the news that his father died yesterday.（that引的句子解了 news的内容，注意：that不做任何成分）We have to face the foct that the weather is unexpectedly bad.（that引的句子解了 fact的内容）n.想：能接同位 从句的名 有:belief （信仰），fact, idea, doubt, rumor （言），evidence （据），conclusi

11、on （ ）, suggestion（建）, problem , order, answer, discovery （ ） explanation （ft? ）, principle （原）,possibility （可能性）,truth, promise （承），report（告），statement（声明），knowledge （知）,opinion （点），likelihood （可能性） 大声朗三遍，背下即可。 m.王牌要点： 同位一般由 that引，但也可以用关系代 which, who, what和关系副when, where, why, how或whether 弓I。There

12、arouse the question whether we could win the game.I have no idea howto explain it. 一些介 后面也能引同位从句。（非常典之功能句式，可用于四六和托福作文，不妨一 ！）：on the assumption （ft前提下）, on the ground（由于原因）, on the condition that （在条件下）, with the exception （有例外） owing to the feet （由于事）;on the understanding （基于理解）;The young lady promi

13、sed to marry the old man on the condition that he bought her a villa. 那位年的女士答嫁那位老，条件是他她一幢墅。IV .分隔式同位从句了使句型平衡不至于重脚，有同位从句可以放到句子的末尾，（两遍此定，然后看倒句：）An idea came to him that he might write to her to ask more information about the matter.I got information from my friend that there will be a marvelous Americ

14、an movie "Titanic”.V.同位从句与定从句之区:定从句的引that或which在句子中用作主或，而同位从句的引that只起接主句和从句之作用，不用作任何成分。示彳列 I've get nn answer同位 从句，that不做成分）that做定从句的主）I've got an answer that surprised me a lot.（定 从句，VI.王牌重点：可以充当同位的 或短。1）名词短语。（使句型更为简洁）Bill Clinton, the president of America, came to China to pay an offi

15、cial visit in 1998.Lu Xun, one of the greatest essayists in China, played an overwhelmingly important role in Chinese literature history.2）动名词词组亦可用作同位语：别忘了加逗号。（使句型更为流畅）Pm crazy about the game, playing baseball.Going to concert, that sounds a great idea.3）不定式短语。（陌生只是掌握的开始）The problem what to do next

16、remains unsolved.Her claim to have finished his work is nothing but a white lie.4）形容词词组。（有逗号隔开）All the workers, young or old, should be treated equally.Young man, short or tall, should have the right to take the opportunity.vn.同位语的引导词。（重要！这是中高级写作中不可缺少的引导成分 ）引导词用来表示同位语与它所说明的同位成分之间的关系：1. namely, that

17、it is, that is to say （也就是说），in other words （换句话说）,or, for short 表示等同关系。2. such as, say, so to speak （譬如说）,including （包括），ft）rinstance （或 for example （e.g. / eg ）,表示举例 和列举关系。3. especially, mostly, chiefly, or better, in particular, particularly 表示突出重点，（在高难度阅读中表示后面的部 分为更重要或更突出的部分，是出题的关键点。 ） 测试精编1 .选择

18、正确选项：1. all behavior is learned behavior is a basic assumption of social scientists.A. NearlyB. That nearlyC. It is nearlyD. When nearly2. The people at the party were worried about Janet because no one was awareshe had gone.A. where thatB. of whereC. of the place whereD. the place3. 一 Susan hasn

19、9;t written us for a long time. What do you supposeto her?A. that happenedB. happenedC. to happenD. having happened4. 一 May I have the loan?you ofter good security.A. ButB. UnlessC. ProvidedD. But for5.Gorillas are quiet animals,they are able to make about twenty difterent sounds.A. howB. in spite o

20、fC. because ofD. even though6. The little White House in warm springs was the Georgia home of President Franklin-D. Rooseve It there on April 12, 1945.A. who diedB. diedC. while diedD. he died7.Essentially, a theory is an abstract, symbolic representation ofreality.A. what it is conceivedB. that is

21、conceivedC. what is conceived to beD. that is being conceived of8.Seeds usually germinatethe temperature is favorable.A. ifB. whereasC. as a resultD. in consequences9 .Francis Preston Blair. Jr,born in Kentucky, lived and practiced in Missouri.A. wasB. he wasC. althoughD. who he was10 ., work songs

22、often exhibit the song culture of a people in a lundamental form.A. They occur where they areB. Occurring whereC. Where they occurD. Where do they occur第二章虚拟语气THE SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD虚拟语气用来表达不可能或难以实现的愿望，与事实相反的假设，通常分为基本的三种形式。1 .与现在事实相反的虚拟：If + did / were + ，wouldshouldcould+ do (动词原形)mightIf I were you,

23、I would go abroad at once. (I am not you.)If he knew it now, he could help me. (He doesn't know it now.)2 .与过去事实相反的虚拟：If + had done + ，would (might) have done .If I had known your telephone number yesterday, I would have phoned you.(I didn't know your telephone number.)If you had come here a

24、 little earlier just now, you might have met her. (You didn't come here earlier.)3 .与将来事实相反的虚拟：(1) If + should + v., . would + v.(可能性很小)(译作“万一”)If it should rain tomorrow, you could stay at home.Ifl should fail, what should Ido?(2) If + did / were to + v ,would + v.(完全不可能)If the sun were to rise

25、 in the west, I would lend you the money.If you finished it in 3 minutes, I would give you my car.4 .金牌特殊重点：！ ！简单联想记忆:下列动词后的“宾语从句”中需要用虚拟形式，即 should +动词原形，shoud在美国英语中要省略( TOEFL 语法考点)。此类常见的动词有：order, ask, decide, demand, require, recommend, suggest (建议)insist (坚决要求)， advise, etc.例句： He suggested that

26、we (should) help them with English.The teacher ordered that the homework (should) be finished within half an hour.下列名词后的同位语从句中要用“ should +动词原形"(should可省去)的虚拟。 suggestion, order, request, demand, importance, proposal.He made a suggestion that we (should) have a fancy dress party.I think it is a

27、thing of importance that it (should) be done soon. It is / was important / necessary / natural / essential / advisable / strange / surprising, ect. + that + 主语 + should + v.It is strange that you should say such a thing.It was important that you should tell me all the information. wish后的宾语从句中，as if后

28、的状语从句中，须用下列的虚拟形式：主 + wish+ (that) + 主 + did / were (指现在)haddone (指过去)would+ v.(指将来)Iwishthat I met my uncle now.IwishI had met my uncle yesterday.IwishI could meet my uncle tomorrow. It is (high) time that. + did / were .It is time that you went to bed. would rather that + did / were .I would rather

29、 that you were not here now. would sooner that. + did / were .I would sooner that you got up earlier.I would sooner that you were not my brother. 测试精编1 .选择正确选项：1. Ihe had taught me the word, but he didn't.D7A. believeB.hopeC. wishD. think2. The man in charge recommends that this matterat the mee

30、ting. A. would be discussedB. will be discussed C. be discussed3. It is raining now, otherwise weD. may be discussedgo out play.A. couldB. canC. may4. he come late, give him the message.A. HadB. ShouldC. Would5. Hadn't my car broke down, I the train.A. would have caughtB. might catchD. willD. Di

31、dC. could catchD. would catch6.1 would have helped him if I had time, but IA. haven'tB. hadC. didn'tD. wouldnl7. The dam was built in time to protect the inhabitants from the flood;A. otherwise the damage would be beyond measure.B. the damage, otherwise, should be very great.C. the damage co

32、uld have been very serious otherwise.D. the damage caused, therefore, many of them homeless.8. It is natural that an employeehis work on time.A. finishesB. finishC. can finishD. finishs9. I would go abroad but that Ipoor.A. amB. wasC. shall beD. were10. Don't act as if youthe only pebble on the

33、beach.A. areB. we reC. have been D. would be第三章 代替与省略SUBSTITUTIONAND OMISSION英语中，为了避免不必要的重复，经常用 so, not, to, do, does代替前面出现的动词或相关内容。如：He translated the article better than I did. (did 代替 wrote it)一 Do you think she isclever?一 I think so. (so 代替 she is clever)(1)从上两例中看出，do / does / did代替动词。(2) "

34、so 与 not"代替某个词、短语、句子等，通常用于 hope, think, believe, expect, suppose, be afraid, fear, imagine, etc后作宾语。E.g. Is it correct?- Fm afraid not. (not correct)(3) ntoH 用作不定式,常跟随下列动词:want, mean, hope, expect, retuse, seem, intend, be, afraid, etc. E.g.I asked him to go to the party, but he refused to. (go

35、 to the party)(4) ndo so, do that, do itH用来代替动态动词,而不能代静态动词。Eg. He gave up studying English.-Why did he do so? (= give up studying English)The dish tastes nice. Yes, so it does. （tastes nice）（此句不能用it does it或it does so,因taste属静态动词。）（5）为使语言精炼，避免不必要的重复，对话中常用省略形式。E.g. He is thinking of buying a car?一Is

36、he?（这里，u thinking of buying a car ”被省略了。）Will he come back in time?Perhaps.（省略 T he will come back in time.）测试精编1 .选择正确答案：1. 一 Shall I wake you up tomorrow? Yes,.A. please doB. you shallC. you willD. you may2.1 think records are oftenan actual performance.A. as good as or better thanB. as good or be

37、tter thanC. like good or better thanD. as good as any other3. If he doesnl come to work, he may be fired. Sure ly he isnrt so foolishnot to realize that.A. soB.andC.butD. as4. Donrt you think Alan's health has beenruined by smoking? Yes, he told mehimself.A. the factB. this thingC. ItD. so5. Wil

38、l you go home tomorrowevening? No, I'm going to a lecture, or at least, Pm planningA. onB. toC. soD. It6. I slipped on the stairs, I think my arm is broken. Oh! IA. do not hope soB. do not hopeC. hope not soD. hope not7. California re lies mainly on income irom fruit crops, and.A. Florida alsoB.

39、 Florida tooC. Florida is as we 11D. so does Florida8. 一 Have you been here long? .A. No, not veryB. Not muchC. Yes, only littleD. No, only yesterday9. You look happy today, Mary. I like my new dress and mother, too.A. doesB. likesC. isD. do10. So you are lost, little boy. Why didn't you hang on

40、 to your mother's skirt?一,but I couldn't reach it.A. I hanged toB. I did toC. I didn't hang toD. I tried to第四章 倒装INVERSION根据语法要求，把谓语动词置于主语前，称为完全倒仁工血3词或情态动词置于主语前，称为部分倒装。1 .副词如：in, out, down, there, here, off, over, away, etc.句子倒装。（完全倒装，但主语不能是代词） Down jumped the murderer from the tenth flo

41、or.In came Miss Green.（特别注意：当主语是人称代词时不倒装。）Away she went!（她走了！）Here you are!（你在这儿！）2 . only+副词（介词短语）位于句首，句子要倒装。Only then did he realize that he was mistaken.Only by working hard can we succeed in doing anything.3 . well, so, often, such, few, little 放于句首，句子形成倒装。So fine was the weather that we all wen

42、t out lying in the sun. Well did I know him and well did he know me.4 .否定词或具有否定意义的词及词组用在句首时，句子须倒装。此类词有：neither, nor, hardly, scarcely,rarely , seldom, not, never, not only , barely , at no time, nowhere 等。e.g. Jack could not swim.Neither could Tom.Never have I seen such a good movie.5 . as引导让步状语从句，须

43、倒装。（准确地说，是将需要强调的词提到as的前面。） Rich as he is, he spends a cent on charity.Try as he does, he never seems able to do the work beautilully.6 .在表示祝愿的句子中。May you make greater progress!（愿你取得更大进步！）7 .在虚拟条件句中，连词 if省略时，句型要倒装，即将 were, had, should等词提到句首。Were I you, I would go abroad to take advanced study.我要是你，就出

44、国进修了。Should he come tomorrow, he would help us to settle the problem.他要是明天来的话，他会帮我们解决这个问题的。8 .百分特例重点：Much as we may pride ourselves on our good taste, we are no longer free to choose the things we want. （NCE BookmLesson 26 ）尽管我们为自己的绝好鉴赏力感到自豪，但我们已经无法自由地选择我们所需要的东西了。 测试精编1 .选择正确选项：1. Not until the mid-

45、nineteenth-century discovery of vast deposits of borate fs in the Majave Desert re la tively common.A. borax becameB. did borax becomeC. and borax becomeD. borax's becoming2. received law degrees as today.A. Never so many women haveB. Ne ver have so many womenC. The women aren't everD. Women

46、 who have never3. the Bob's belongings that he carried them in a bundle slung over his shoulders.A. Were so fewB. Few were soC. So few wereD. They were so few4. Only after a baby seal is pushed into the sea by its motherto swim.A. how will it learnB. will it learn howC. it will learn howD. and i

47、t leams how5. Not onlya promise, but he also kept it.A. did he madeB. he madeC. did he makeD. he makes6. Nowhere in the world.A. travelers can buy so much beauty for so little as in Hawaii.B. no one can buy so much beauty for so little money as Hawaii.C. so much beauty can be bought for so little mo

48、ney in Hawaii.D. can travelers buy so much beauty for so little money as in Hawaii.7. No soonergone home than it began to rain heavily.A. had I B. have I C. I had D. I have8. Not for a momentthe truth of your story.A. he has doubtedB. he doubtsC. did he doubtD. he did doubt9. succeed in doing anythi

49、ng. A. Only by working hard we can B. By only working hard we can C. Onlyby working hard can we D. Only we can work hard10. Never before in similar circumstancesA. a British Prime Minister had refused to step down.B. did a British Prime Minister have reftised to step down.C. a British Prime Minis te

50、r did have refused to step down.D. had a British Prime Minister reftised to step down.11. People might avoid manyaccidentsthese methodsbeen adoptedbefore.A. thatB.wereC. haveD. had12. arose the problem that the boy will never overcome the great difficulties.A. ItB.ThisC. HereD. Those第五章形容词ADJECTIVES

51、定义：形容词是用来修饰名词的词，描述名词的性质、外观、特点等。功能：形容词可以做定语、表语或补助语。分类：主要分为两类：描绘性形容词和限定性形容词。 描绘性形容词主要用来描绘大、小、新旧、颜色、质量等。限定性形容词主要用来限定所修饰词的数量、距离及范围所属等。1 .当形容词修饰单数可数名词时，必须与冠词连用：a lovely girl, the naughty boy2 .形容词可与系动词连用，做表语，说明主语的性状。常用系动词有：be, become, seem, appear, feel, look , taste, smell , sound, remain, go, turn, kee

52、p, stay, etc.The dish tastes delicious.The music sounds sweet.The milk went bad.小心陷阱feel, smell, taste, look, keep有时可以用作实义动词，并可以用副词修饰。He looked me up and down carefully.I tasted the soup slowly to see whether it was salty.3 .形容词用作后置定语。（简单理解：一般的形容词修饰名词时放在名词前面，但有些形容词修饰名词时放在名 词的后面）a river navigable （一条

53、可通航的河）sight visible可见的景象person responsible （负责人）注意：responsible person （有责任心的人）the best way possible （尽可能好的办法）the number necessary （必要的数量）the people present （在场的人）4 .只能作表语的形容词1 .某些表示健康状况的形容词。well （身体好的），ill （病的），faint （虚弱的），poorly （身体不好的）示例： His mother has been ill for a long time.特别注意：sick是个特例。它既可做表

54、语，又可做定语。He is sick for a couple of days.（他病两三天了）He is a sick person.（他是个病人。）2 .某些以a-开头的形容词。如：afraid （害怕的），alone （独自的），alive （活着的），asleep （睡着的），awake （醒着的），aware （意识 到的）The old man is alone in the house.（老人一个人在家。）The teacher is alive with enthusiasm.（这位老师热情洋溢。）He is asleep in his mother's arms.（他

55、在母亲的怀抱中睡着了。）Ihave been aware of the difficulty.（我已经意识至 lj 了 困难。）5 ,当一系列形容词修饰名词时，须注意排列顺序：代明形容词+数量形容词+性状 形容词+名词。（下图看起来费劲，看透了绝对实用）代明形容词数量形容词性状形容词名词1234567891011用于冠 词前的 形容词冠词序数基数性质 状态大小 长短 形状新旧 温度颜色国籍材料名词指示代词物主代词动名词不定代词AllthefirstonegoodbigoldblueEnglishwoodboxBothA(n)secondtwobadsmallnewyellowIndiansto

56、nethiscageSuchthat roundcold Ironyour SomeEg. a broken small old gray stone bridge.such a good yellow pen.测试精编I.选择正确选项：1. The Chinese food served in American restaurant is not bad but I preferA. Chinese food authenticallyB. Chinese authentic foodC. food Chinese authenticallyD. authentic Chinese food2. lessons were not difficult.A. Our first few short EnglishB. Our few first short EnglishC. Our few f