南师专转本形容词和副词的用法归纳

1、形容词和副词的用法归纳1、形容词、副词的作用与位置(1形容词短语作定语,定语后置。a language difficult to master, a leaning tower about 180 feet high(2表语形容词(afraid、alike、alone、asleep、awake、alive等作定语,定语后置。如a man alive。有些表身体健康状况的形容词如well、faint、ill 只作表语。sick既可作表语又可作定语,ill如作定语意为“bad”。(3用作定语,修饰由不定代词one、no、any、some和every构成的复合词如anything、something

2、等时,通常后置。如:I have something important to tell you.(4else常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语。(5enough、nearby修饰名词前置或后置,程度副词一般位于形容词、副词前面,enough修饰形容词、副词时,必须后置。(6副词作定语,定语后置。如:The person there is waiting for you.(7几个并列的形容词作定语,其语序通常为:限定语(The、A+ 描绘性形容词 + size(大小+ shape(形状+ age(年龄、时间+ color(颜色+ origin (国籍、来源+ material(材料+ purp

3、ose(目的+ 名词。如:a heavy black Chinese steel umbrella,the mans first tow interesting little red French oil paintings(8以-ly结尾的词性辨析。下列单词以-ly结尾,但却是形容词而非副词:lively、lonely、lovely、deadly、friendly、ugly、silly、likely、brotherly、timely等。表愿意(无-ly和引申意(有-ly的副词:deep深 wide宽广 high高 low位置低deeply深入地 widely广泛地 highly高度地 low

4、ly地位卑微有无-ly意义大不相同的副词:dead完全,绝对be dead asleepdeadly非常be deadly tiredpretty相当be pretty certain thatprettily漂亮地be prettily dressedclose近Dont sit close.closely密切地Watch closely!late晚、迟arrive late, come latelately最近I havent seen him lately(recently.2、复合形容词的构成(1形容词 + 名词 + edkind-hearted好心的,white-haired白发的(

5、2形容词 + 形容词red-hot炽热的,dark-blue深蓝的(3形容词 + 现在分词good-looking好看的,easy-going随和的(4副词 + 现在分词hard-working勤劳的,fast-moving快速转动的(5副词 + 过去分词hard-won得来不易的,newly-made新建的(6名词 + 形容词life-long终生的,world-famous世界闻名的(7名词 + 现在分词peace-loving爱好和平的,fun-loving爱开玩笑的(8名词 + 过去分词snow-covered白雪覆盖的,hand-made手工的(9数词 + 名词 + edfour-s

6、toreed 4层楼的,three-legged 3条腿的(10数词 + 名词(名词用单数ten-year 10年的,two-man两人的3、形容词和副词的比较等级(1原级的构成和用法。构成:形容词、副词的原级即本身。用法:表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时,用“as + 原级形容词/副词+ as”的结构;表示双方不相等时,用“not so(as + 原级形容词/副词+ as”的结构;表示一方是另一方的若干倍时,用“倍数 + as + 原级形容词/副词+ as”的结构。如:Xiao Wang is as tall as Xiao Yu.This building looks not so

7、 (as high as that one.Miss Xu speaks English as fluently as you .This room is three times as large as that one.(2比较级的用法。对方比较,表示一方超过另一方时,用“比较级+ than”的结构表示。如:This picture is more beautiful than that one.表示一方不及另一方时,用“less + 原级+ than”的结构表示。如:This room is less beautiful than that one.表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时,可在比

8、较级前加表示程度的状语,如even、a lot、a bit、a little、still、much、far、yet、by far等修饰。如: He works even harder than before.注意:英语的比较级前如无even、still或yet等时,译成汉语时可用“较”或“一些”或不译出,一般不可有“更”。如:She is better than she was yesterdayPlease come earlier tomorrow.另注意:by far通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时,一般放在比较级的后面,如在前面,应在二者中间加“the”。如:He is taller

9、by far than his brother.He is by far the taller of the two brothers.表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时,用“the + 比较级(主语 + 谓语,the + 比较级(主语 + 谓语”的结构(意为“越越”。如: The harder he works, the happier he feels.不与其他事物相比,表示本身程度的改变时,用“比较级 + and + 比较级”的结构。如:The weather is getting colder and colder.The girl becomes more and more beauti

10、ful.某些以-ior结尾的形容词进行比较时,用to代替than。这些词有inferior (劣等的,次的、superior(较好的,优于、junior(资历较浅的、senior (资格较老的、prior(在之前等。He is superior to Mr.Zhang in chemistry.倍数表达法。(AA is three(four, etc.times the size(height, length etc.of B. The new building is four times the size(the heightof the old one.这座新楼比那座旧楼大三倍(高三倍。(

11、BA is three(four, etc.times as big(high, long, etc.as B.Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲比欧洲大三倍。(CA is three (four, etc.times bigger(higher, longer, etc.than B.Your school is three times bigger than ours.你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。用times 表倍数通常用于三倍以上,两倍可以用twice或double.(3最高级的用法。三者或三者以上相比,表示最高程度时,用“the + 最高

12、级”的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。如:Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three.He works (the hardest in his class.最高级可被序数词以及much、by far、nearly、almost 、by no means、not quite、not really、nothing like等词语所修饰。如:This hat is by far / much / nearly / almost / not nearly / by no means / not quite / nothing like the bigg

13、est.How much did the second most expensive hat cost?表示“最高程度”的形容词,如excellent、extreme、perfect等,没有最高级,也不能用比较级。形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词、代词时,被修饰的词往往省略。如:He is the tallest (boy in his class.作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词。如:Of all the boys he came (the earliest.(4形容词和副词前面使用冠词的情况。形容词最高级前一般要加定冠词,副词最高级前可不加冠词。形容词最高级前有时加不定冠词,或不加

14、冠词,不表比较,表示“非常”。如:He is a most clever young policeman.(a most=veryThe film is most interesting. (most=very表示两者间“较的一个”比较级前加the。如:who is the older of the tow boys?在“the + 比较级,the + 比较级”结构中。在same前一般要加the。有些形容词前加the 成为名词。如the poor、the rich 等。(5由as / so组成的形容词或副词短语。as much as + 不可数名词数量。Each stone weighs as

15、 much as fifteen tons.She could earn as much as ten dollars a week.as many as + 可数名词数量多达I have as a many as sixteen referrence books.as early as早在As early as the twelfth century the English began to invade the island.as far as远到;就而知(论We might go as far as (走到the church and back.As far as I know(就我所知

16、,he has been there before.may (might, couldas well不妨、不如Then you might as well stay with us here.as as can be到了最的程度,极其They are as unreliable as they can be.他们极其不可信。as as one canHe began to run, as fast as he could.as as possibleJust get them to finish up as quickly as possible.(6几组重要的词语辨析。very 和much的

17、区别。(A可分等级的形容词和副词前使用very不用much。(B表示状态的过去分词前用very。a very frightened boy, a very tired child, a very complicated problem, 一般的情况下,以-ing、-ed结尾的分词多用much、very much / greatly等修饰。如:We were greatly shocked by the news about Tom. I was much amused by Jacks attitude。(C已转化为形容词的现在分词前用very。如:very interesting / wor

18、rying / exciting。(Dtoo前用much或far,不用very。You are much / far / a lot too nice.另外,在too many / much, too few / little前用far。Theres far too little opportunity for adventure these days.Weve got far too many eggs and far too few egg cups.(E关于原级形容词要记住下列固定的修饰结构:(a修饰绝对意义的形容词,一般不用very,而用quite completely、well、entirely。如:quite wrong (mistaken, sure、completely dead、quite impossible、quite perf