定语从句之先行词含问题详解解析汇报

1、实用文档定语从句之先行词综合练习题号IIIIII总分得分一、句子翻译（本大题共 4小题，共8.0分）1.分析再翻译：看下面的句子，分别找出各句的先行词和关系代词，并指出引导词在 句子中作什么成分，然后将句子译成汉语(1) This is the stra nger who helped us yesterday.先行词:；关系代词:;关系代词在从句中作译文:(2) The boy whom the teacher ofte n p raises is their mon itor.先行词:；关系代词:；关系代词在从句中作译文:(3) Fruit trees which once grew on

2、ly in China can be found in many p arts of the world.先行词:；关系代词:；关系代词在从句中作译文:(4) The gold medal which she won has bee n give n to her old school.先行词:;关系代词:;关系代词在从句中作译文:(5) The woma n that I read about in the n ews paper has just won a gold medal.先行词:;关系代词:;关系代词在从句中作译文:(6) The report that was han ded

3、in by Mr Turner was about the motor race.先行词:;关系代词:;关系代词在从句中作译文:(7) 1 know the person whose company p roduces compu ters.先行词:;关系代词:;关系代词在从句中作译文:(8) 1 once lived in the house whose win dows were much larger tha n usual.先行词:;关系代词:;关系代词在从句中作译文:2.约翰要给捡到他钱包的出租司机一百元作为酬劳。(reward; wallet; who )3.按给出的中文意思，用括

4、号内所给的英语或句式提醒，翻译句子。 我高度评价那些为梦想而努力的同学。（those;定语从句）4.根据括号内的提示或要求，将下列句子翻译成英语。 假设你的朋友找了一个你不喜欢的男朋友或女朋友, 受吗？ （Su PP ose）你会对你朋友说出你真实的感二、语法填空（本大题共 3小题，共45.0分）5.阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容 （1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式 （不 多于3个单词）。（请将答案写在答题卡上）Diet and way of life are often a problem for teenagers. However, if you eat the right foo

5、d and exercise (1)(regular), you can feel better, lookbetter and have more energy. So healthy eating along (2)regularexercise is p robably the only way to become fit.As a teenager, it is important to give your body the energy (3)For a healthy diet,you should eat mostly rice, bread, vegetables and fr

6、uit.You also n eed to drink a lot of water. (4)(dri nk)eno ugh water willimprove your skin and give you healthy hair.needs.Exercise is someth ing(5) can help to make you look good, feel goodand be healthy. Teenagers should spend at least 30 minutes exercising, five times a week. Walking and riding y

7、our bike count, and (6) doschoolsports. When you exercise, your body p roduces(7)(chemical)thatmake you feel p eaceful and (8)(relax) and in crease your ability(5)to concen trate whe n you study. A good amount of slee p everynight(9)(be) also important for your health. Teenagerseight to ten hours of

8、 slee p each ni ght.n eedIf you follow the suggestio ns above, you will look and feel much(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)6.rm not sure(1) is more frighte ned猩猩)that sudde niy app ears out of no where forest in the Central AfricanRepublic .(10)(good) in no time at all!with the gorilla , who beg ins s

9、cream ing at makes her baby scream the (3)(loudhis chest and charges to avoid(4)(5)feel， me or the female gorilla r m walk ing on a p ath in the Unexpectedly , rm face - to - face (2)top of her lungs . That（大,and then a 400- pound male appears . He screams)of all . The noise shakes the trees as the

10、male beats toward me. I quickly lower myself , ducking my head (look ) directly into his eyes so he doesn(challenge ).My n ame is Mireya Mayor ani mals such as apes and mon keys western lowland gorillas rd been observing . and my colleagues and I were worried.who studies these threerm aI was search

11、ingNo one had seen them for hours，(6)(scie neeWhen the gorillas and I frighte ned each otherfind(8)(they ) alive . True to gorillahuge animal (9)(mean) no real harm.,I was just glad to s unaggressive nature , theHe was just saying : " rm kingof this forest , and here is your reminder! "Onc

12、e his message was delivered , he allowed me(10)(stay ) and watch .7.阅读下面的短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求, 适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。在空格处填入一个Nearly 800 new pup ils ofLia nhua Eleme ntary School in Nanjing, Jia ngsuProvince, is reported(1)(receive) a unique gift: an admissionletter(2) their names are writtenby teach

13、ers using Chinesewriti ng brush.(3) (similar), Nanji ng Normal Un iversity hasbeen sending their freshmen calligraphy (书法)admission for eleven years.Several former pro fessors in(4)70s take about a week writ ingIt is believed inChina that “ handwriting is the man,”(5) (mean)can not only cultivate on

14、e s temperament (气质),but can 's literacy and character. At(tradition)calligraphyhas again become a compuIsorymore tha n 4,500 admissi on letters every year.good han dwrit ing also reflect one p rese nt,less on in many Chin ese p rimary and middle schools, whichaims (7)(improve) students ' cu

15、lturalcompetenee (能力).At thesame time, parents are attach ing greatimportanee hildren s calligraphypractice. It is fairto say that calligraphy is not left out in today' s fast-pacedsociety;(9), its incomp arable value is sta nding out.The charm of Chin ese culture embodied in calligra phy can al

16、ways strike achord with (弓丨起共鸣) writers and(10) (view). Do you have anyin terest in lear ning it?三、单选题(本大题共26小题，共26.0分)8.9.With his atte nti onon the compu ter games, he failed in the exam,made his parents disa ppoin ted.A. concentrating, whichC. concen trated, whichis known to us, the dragon Russia

17、.A. It; butB. As; whileB. concentrating, thatD. concen trated, asstands for Chinathe bear symbolizesC.10.She said that the buildi ng would be fini shed by very much.A. whoB. whenC.What; while D. It; whenOctober,I doubtthatD.which11.12.13.14.I disagree with the factsyour argume nt is basedA. thatB. w

18、hichC. whoseThe story happened on a daythe weather was wet and cold.A. whenB. whichC. thatYou should have known wait ing for you in the rainstude nt, along with the only one of the teachers who _ the con cert.A. are, isB. was, wasC. were, wasIs this chicke n farmwe visited three years ago?A. in whic

19、hB. whereC. the oneD.on whichD. more tha n one to take part inwho15.D.D.is known to us all that the old scientist,for in the p ast, still works hard in his eighties.A. As; whoseB. It; whoseC. As; whomwas, werelife was hardD. It; whom16.第7页，共14页The Chin ese gen eral said in an in terview that the PLA

20、 would do all _ they can to p rotect every inch of our territory (领土).实用文档17.18.19.A. whichB. thatC. whoD.Gen erally,people with plans can catch cha nces more easilydon t get prep ared in adva nee.A. onesB. theseC. someD.A football fan （球迷）ishas a stro ng in terest i n football.A. a thing thatB. som

21、ething thatC. a person whoD. whatThe farmwe see today is no Ion ger the oneastha nwho20.21.22.23.24.25.26.27.28.29.30.thoseit was ten yearsago.A. which; which B. where; that C. where; what D. that; that Self-driv ing is an areaChina and the rest of the world are on thesame start ing line.A. thatB. w

22、hereThere is a tall tree outside,A. whichB. thatC. whereD. in whichWhat can guarantee the stability of the Chinese economy are the two factors: the in crease of in vestme nt abroad and the response of the con sumer market, have worked well so far.A. either of whichB. all of whomC. both of whichD. ea

23、ch of whomNever beforesuch a thrill ing gameyou can exp erie neelife-a nd-death events one after ano ther.A. have I played; thatC. had I played; whereShe doesn t likeA. the wayC. in the wayC. whichsta nds our teacher.C. whereD. whe nIt is rep orted that a nu mber of buildi ngs, hometow n, will be fi

24、ni shed n ext year.A. that of some B.He advised farmers to colour.B. had I played; thatD. have I played; where he says to his paren ts.B. in the way thatD. the way whichare being built in mywhich somechoose the bestC. some of themD. some of whichseed-heads, that had the bestC. thoseD. onea win-win s

25、ituation, both Chinaand the UK will ben efit a lot in econo mic and social deve lopment.A.one whereB.C.whichD.Mr.White is akind and selflessprofessor,than for himself.A. thatB.P reside nt Xi ' s visitonesto the UKcreatesonethe one in whichcaresmore for othersA. the oneB. the one who C.The Litera

26、ture Salo n creates a p latformmany literature lovers thinkcan p rovide a cha nee for them to share their thoughts.A. whereB. whichC. whatA number of audienee were present in the registration the number of was 300; , the hosttemporary accommodatio ns.A. who; thereforeC. what; besidesone whoD.D.onewh

27、oin the morning, had forgotten to arrangecen terB. whom; neverthelessD. which; rather31.32.33.We will call on the man we think can speak very good English.A. who B. whom C. what D. whichNewly released data point to an increase in technology use among childrensome worry is changing the very nature of

28、 childhood. which C. who observed and breaksA. whyB.The law must be strictly A. thoseB.itanyone whoC. anyoneD. where shall be punished.D. those who答案和解析1.【答案】（1）the stranger； who；主语；这是昨天帮助我们的陌生人。the boy; whom （praise的）宾语；老师经常表扬的那个男孩是他们的班长。fruit trees ； which ;主语；曾经只在中国种植的果树在世界许多地方都可以见 到。（4）the gold

29、medal ; which ;（ won的）宾语；她曾经获得的金牌已经被送给她的母校了。（5）the woman ; that ；（ about的）宾语；我在报纸上读到的那个女人刚刚夺得一枚金t.rH 牌。the report； that ;主语；由特纳先生递交的报告是关于摩托车比赛的。the person ; whose；（company的）定语；我认识那个人，他的公司生产计算机。（8）the house ； whose；（ window的）定语；我曾经住在那个窗子比一般窗户大很多的 房子里。【解析】the stranger ，关系代词是 who,在从句；who；主语；这是昨天帮助我们的陌生

30、（1）分子句子结构，可知先行词是 中作主语。故填：the stra nger人。the boy，关系代词是whom在从句中作（2）分子句子结构，可知先行词是宾语。故填：the boy ； whom （ praise的）宾语；老师经常表扬的那个男 孩是他们的班长。fruit trees，关系代词是 which，在从句which ;主语；曾经只在中国种植的果树在the gold medal ，关系代词是 which，在 medal； which ；（ won的）宾语；她曾经获the woman,关系代词是that，在从句中；（about的）宾语；我在报纸上读到的那（3）分子句子结构，可知先行词是

31、中作主语。故填：fruit trees 世界许多地方都可以见到。（4）分子句子结构，可知先行词是 从句中作宾语。故填：the gold 得的金牌已经被送给她的母校了。（5）分子句子结构，可知先行词是 作宾语。故填：the woman that 个女人刚刚夺得一枚金牌。the report ，关系代词是that，在从句中；that ;主语；由特纳先生递交的报告是关于摩（6）分子句子结构，可知先行词是 作主语。故填：the rep ort 托车比赛的。分子句子结构，可知先行词是the person，关系代词是whose,在从句 中作定语。故填：the person ； whose； （ compa

32、ny的）定语；我认识那个人， 他的公司生产计算机。(8)分子句子结构，可知先行词是the house，关系代词是whose,在从句中 作定语。故填：the house； whose；( window的)定语；我曾经住在那个窗 子比一般窗户大很多的房子里。2. 【答案】 John wanted to give 100 yuan as a reward to the taxi driver who had found his wallet.【解析】want to do sth. 想要做某事,动词短语； give sb. sth. 给某人某物,动词 短语,在这里用不定式作 want 的宾语； as

33、a reward 作为回报,介词短语； who had fou nd his wallet.捡到他钱包的，限制性定语从句，who在定语从句中充当主语,表示人,出租司机 the taxi driver 是被修饰的部分,也 就是先行词,故译为 ohn wanted to give 100 yuan as a reward to the taxi driver who had found his wallet 。3. 【答案】 I think highly of those who work hard to achieve their dreams (for their dreams).【解析】分析

34、句意, 此句应用一般现在时。 我 I ,主格,高度评价 think highlyof.，those那些，指示代词，后面接限制性定语从句，先行词 those，所以应用关系代词 who,努力work hard，固定短语，实现他们的梦想 achieve their dreams ( achieve for their dreams)，固定短语。故答案是 I thi nk highly of those who work hard to achieve their dreams (for theirdreams)。4. 【答案】 Supposed your best friend has a new

35、boy/girlfriendwho you don't like.Would you tell your friend how you feel?【解析】根据汉语意思可知，假设suppose；后面加一个宾语从句，your best friend has a new boy/girlfriend ；接了一个定语从句 who 有 don't like ；你真 实的感受 how 有 feel ,故译为 Supposed your best friend has a new boy/girlfriend who you don't like. Would you tell yo

36、ur friend how you feel?5. 【答案】 1.regularly2. with 3.it4. Drinking5. that6. so7. chemicals8. relaxed 9.is 10.better【解析】1. 考查单词成分。句意：如果你能吃正确的食物并且有规律地运动。此处修 饰动词，应用副词形式。故填regularly 。2. 考查固定搭配。句意：所以健康的饮食和规律的锻炼可能是身体健康的唯 一途径。” along with :与，同 一道“为固定搭配。故填with。3. 考查指示代词。句意：给身体提供所需的能量是很重要的。此处为一个定 语从句，引导词that在

37、从句中作宾语可以省略，句子缺乏主语，用 it代指 前面提到的your body。故填it。4.考查非谓语动词。句意：饮用足量的水可以提高你的肤质并且给你健康的 头发。此处用动名词短语做主语。故填Drinking。that。5.考查定语从句引导词的选择。句意：运动可以帮助你看起来很好，感觉良 好，身体健康。在定语从句中，若先行词为不定代词，应使用引导词 故填that。6.考查固定搭配。句意：步行和骑自行车计数，学校体育也是如此。so+助动词/情态动词/be动词+名词/代词，表示. 也一样。此处表示校园运动 也和散步和骑自行车一样有助于身体健康。故填 so o 7.考查名词形式。句意：你的身体生产

38、出化学物质。根据句意，可知应该用 复数形式。故填chemicals。8.考查动词形式。句意：放松，提高你学习的能力。此处描述人的主观感受, 应使用-ed形式。故填relaxed 。9.考查主谓一致。句意：每天晚上大量的睡眠对你的健康也很重要。主语是 sleeP，为不可数名词，谓语动词应用第三人称单数，文章时态为一般现在 时，故填is 0 10.考查形容词比较级。句意：如果你遵循上面的建议，你将在任何时候看 起来和感觉很好。much修饰比较级。故填better 。6.【答案】【小题1】which【小题2】the【小题3】loudest【小题4】look ing【小题5】challenged小题

39、6】scientist小题7】for小题8】them小题9】meant小题10】to stay【解析】 此处表示我不确定哪一个更加害怕。考查宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，表示 "哪一个"。故填 which。at the top of固定短语，在 的顶端。故填the。考查最高级， 后面有表示范围的词 of all ，所以用最高级。 故填 loudest 。avoid doing sth. 固定短语，避免做某事。故填 looking 。feel 后面加形容词，作表语，表示 "被挑战的 " ，所以用过去分词。故填challenged 。考查名词，后跟定语从句，关系

40、词用who,所以先行词为人。故填scientist 。search for 固定短语，寻找。故填 for 。find 后面用人称代词宾格，作宾语，故填 them。【解析】第 17 页，共 14 页mea nt。to stay 。这让他的父母这里的根据前后句可知，描述过去的事情，所以用一般过去时态。故填allow sb. to do sth. 固定句型，允许某人做某事。故填7.【答案】1.to have received2.where3.Similarly4. their5. mea ning6. traditi onal7. to imp rove8. to9.i nstead1O.viewe

41、rs【解析】略8. 【答案】C【解析】句意：所有的注意力都放在了电脑游戏上，他考试没能及格； 非常失望。with+宾语+宾语补足语,由句子成分分析可知，concentrate 和his attention 之间是被动关系，故用过去分词 concentrated; 他因玩游戏而考试不及格这件事让父母非常失望，可知，前面整个主句做了 后面句子的主语，在非限制性定语从句中，整个主句做主语放前面，用which; 故选Co9. 【答案】B【解析】句意：众所周知，龙代表中国，而熊象征俄罗斯。考查as引导的非限制性定语从句，指代后面整句话内容，while表对比，故选Bo10. 【答案】D【解析】句意：她说，

42、这栋建筑将在10月前完工，我对此表示怀疑。which引导非限 制性定语从句，代指前面句子的内容，从句中缺少宾语，只能用关系代词， 而that不能引导非限制性定语从句，who只能指人，when是关系副词，故 选Do11. 【答案】D【解析】句意：我不同意你的论点所基于的论据。本句是介词+which构成的定语从句，be based on以为基础，固定搭配。故选 D。12. 【答案】A【解析】考察定语从句，句意：故事发生在天气潮湿寒冷的一天。定语从句，先行词 为a day，在从句中做时间状语，应用关系副词 when故选A。13. 【答案】B本句意为“你本应该知道不止一个学生和老师在雨中等着你。”首先

43、，这个 句子是个虚拟语气。“你本应该知道”其实你不知道，是对过去的虚拟。 其次，从句部分是倒装结构，如果不倒装就是： More than one student, together with all the teachers, was waiting for you in the rain.主语为 more than one student ;第二空 one前面有the only 等词修饰，则 one of the teachers的语义重心转移到了 one上面，one就成了先行词，相应地，who的谓语动词应用单数。故选 B。14. 【答案】 C【解析】 句意为：这是我们三年前参观过的鸡场吗？

44、这是一个定语从句，且从句中缺少visited 的宾语，用the one代替，然后省略了 that或者which ； A和B 都是做状语。故选 C。15. 【答案】 D【解析】 从句子结构看第一个从句应该是主语从句，分析成分，知从句中缺主语，而 既能作主语又能引导主语从句的是 what,所以答案为D项。第二个从句为 whom引丨导的定语从句，还原后应为 life was hard in the past for the oldscientist,不能用 whose.故选 D。16. 【答案】 B【解析】 句意：这位中国将军在一次采访中说，解放军将竭尽所能保护我们领土的每 一寸。从句子结构可知，限

45、制性定语从句的先行词是不定代词 all ，在从句 中作宾语，要用关系代词that，不用which，故选B。17. 【答案】 D【解析】 句意：一般来说，有计划的人比没有提前做好准备的人更容易抓住机会。those指代前面的peopie，those who是固定搭配，意思是的那些人，故选 D。18. 【答案】 C【解析】句意：足球迷是一个对足球有浓厚兴趣的人。根据句意，球迷是人，A、B、D三项都指的是物，用 a person代指a football fan,who在从句中作主语， 故选 C。19. 【答案】 D【解析】 句意：我们今天所看到的农场已经不是十年前的农场了。本题考察定语从句 的先行词；第一个空的先行词代指 the farm，在句中作宾语，排除BC第 二个空the one后必须接that作为先行词，排除A。故选Db20. 【答案】 B【解析】 句意：自动驾驶是一个中国和世界上其它国家在同样起点的领域。分析句子 可知