Grammar and usage.ppt.Convertor

1、Teaching and Learning Plan for Grade II Designed by Shtsh Checked by SlhUnit 4 Public transportGrammar and usageVerb-ed and verb-ingI. 分词的构成 分词分为现在分词和过去分词。现在分词构成为V+ing, 过去分词构成为V+ed。分词也有_、_、完成式及主动和_等各种形式。II. 现在分词和过去分词的区别1. 在时态上，现在分词表示_，而过去分词表示已经完成。 _ countries 发展中国家 The _ countries 发达国家 _ water 沸腾的水

2、_ water 开水 2. 在_上，现在分词表示主动，而过去分词表示被动。 The oppressing class _ The _ class 被压迫阶级 Burning fire _ Burned skin _III. 现在分词有一般式和完成式。 1. 一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作_的动作； 2. 完成式(having十过去分词)表示在谓语动词所表示的动作_的动作。 例如： Being a student，he was never late for class Having studied in the university for 3 years, he knows the way

3、very wellIV. 现在分词的主动语态和被动语态当句子的主语是分词动作的_时，现在分词用_语态，如果要强调分词的动作_谓语动作，就用现在分词_的被动形式。 The question being discussed is important. Having been criticized by the teacher, Li Ming gave up smokingV. 现在分词的被动式与过去分词的区别过去分词表示动作已完成，不强调_，而现在分词的被动式强调某一动作_中。The building repaired is library. 修建过的那个建筑物是我们的图书馆。The build

4、ing being repaired is our library. 正在修建的那个建筑物是我们的图书馆。VI. 延续性动词和终止性动词的现在分词在时间含义上的区别延续性动词的现在分词结构相当于一个_时态的句子，而终止性动词的现在分词结构相当于一个_的从句。Walking in the street the other day (=While I was walking in the street the other day), I came across an old friend of mine. 那天我在马路上走时，突然碰到了我的一个老朋友。Arriving at the airport

5、 (=When I arrived at the airport), I found my light had taken off.到达机场时，我发现我的班机已经起飞了。VII. 分词的用法1.作定语 分词短语可以作定语代替一个_的作用。分词短语放在被修饰的名词之后；单个分词做定语时，放在被修饰的名词之前。 The man standing by the window is our teacher. The excited people rushed into the building注意： 现在分词作定语时，它表示的动作是正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生；如果两个动作有先有后，一

6、般不能用现在分词作定语，而要用_。The teacher criticized the student who had broken the window2. 作状语 分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、_、伴随状况等。 Being a student, I must study hard.(_) While reading the book, he nodded from time to time(_) The teacher stood there surrounded by the students (_)分词短语作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语_。 表示_关系的分词短语有时

7、可由连接词 while或 when引出。 有时“with( without)十名词(或代词宾格)十分词”的结构，表示伴随状况。 He lay half dead，with all his ribs broken 当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同时：分词必须有自己的主语。（_） Time permitting, I will finish another lesson分词的独立结构1. 分词（短语）作_时，尽管在形式上它没有主语，但其逻辑上的主语必须和谓语动词的主语保持一致。Studying in the college (=When I studied in the college), I l

8、earned a lot from my teachers.在大学学习时，我从老师那里学到了很多东西。2.分词有时也有自己独立的逻辑上的主语，这种结构称为分词的_。它可以表示时间，原因，条件，伴随的动作，有时还可用介词_, _ 来引导。_, he is absent today. 他的母亲病了，他今天没来。（原因）_, they will start to do a new job. 如果时间允许，他们会开始做一项新工作。（条件） He rushed into the room, his face _ sweat. 他满脸是汗地冲进了房间。（伴随）They traveled a whole d

9、ay, without any food _. 他们饿着肚子旅行了一整天。（伴随）注意：分词用于独立结构时，如果分词是being, having been done形式时，没有实际意义的being或having been可以省略。The old man was in a bad condition, his temperature (being) over 40 and his pulse (being) weak and rapid. 那位老人处于不好的状况，他的体温超过40，脉搏既弱又快。The report (having been) read, a discussion began.

10、读完报告，开始讨论。The experiment (having been) finished, we left the lab and went home. 实验结束后，我们离开了实验室回家了。3. 作表语 The news is inspiring. The glass is broken4. 作宾语补足语 We saw the teacher making the experiment.Practice1) The first textbook _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th centur

11、y. A. have written B. to be written C. being written D. written2)Whats the language _ in Germany?A. speaking B. spoken C. be spokenD. to speak3)There was a terrible noise _ the sudden burst of light.A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed4)_, liquids can be changed into gases.A.

12、 Heating B. To be heated C. Heated D. Heat5)_ a reply, he decided to write again. A. Not receivingB. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received 1)D。 2) B。3) B。4)C。5) C。VIII. Have a try1. Adam and Eve were induced to eat the _ (forbid) Fruit by Satan.2. He is a businessman _ (grow) r

13、ich in recent years.3. A man _ (question) now was a spy.4. These trucks carry good _ (export) to foreign countries.5. Money _ (spend) is more than money _ (earn).6. Is this book _ (write) by Henry James?7. He was then a teacher _ (respect) by all his students.8. Those _ (remain) had to face all kind

14、s of difficulties.9. When _ (leave) the airport, they waved again and again to us.10. _ (lie) still in the grass, _ (wait), he heard the sound of the wild.11. A man _ (respect) others will be _.(respect)12. _ (use) cars are very cheap.13. A cold wind came _ (blow) in at the window.IX. Language Point

15、s1. head v. to go in a particular direction 走向，往某地出发1）I was heading out of the room when she called me back.2）He headed straight for (= went towards) the fridge.3）I think we ought to head back/home (= return to where we started) now, before it gets too dark.2. turn to: 向某人求助Dont hesitate to turn to

16、me for help when you are in trouble.You must learn to be independent because you cant always turn to others.高考链接With no one to _ in such a frightening situation, she felt very helpless. (2006陕西)A. turn to B. turn on C. turn off C. turn over3. They have done so in the hope that people will take notic

17、e of the problems caused by poisonous smoke and gas from cars. 1). In the hope of :怀着希望I havent phoned you till four o'clock in the hope that you'd be finished.2). take notice (of): 注意 to give attention to something:I asked him to drive more slowly, but he didn't take any notice.Don'

18、t take any notice of/Take no notice of what your mother says she's just in a bad mood.4. It was an A+, which was beyond my modest expectations. beyond   prep., adv.1). outside or after (a stated limit): (1)Few people live beyond the age of a hundred. (2)We cannot allow the work to continue

19、beyond the end of the year. (3)His thoughtlessness is beyond belief (= is so great that it is impossible to believe) 2). If sth. is beyond you, you are unable to understand it:I'm afraid physics is completely beyond me.高考链接1. When _ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differen

20、ces without noticing the many similarities.（2006浙江）  A. compared  B. being compared  C. comparing  D. having compared2. Victor apologized for _ to inform me of the change in the plan. (2004上海春)A. his being not able B. him not to be able C. his not being able D. him to be not able

21、3. The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket _ the desert. (2006湖南) A. covering B. covered C. cover D. to cover4. Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always _ the same thing. (2006江苏) A. saying B. said C. to say D. having said5. Generally speaking, _ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect（2003上海）A. when taking B. when takenC. when to take D. when to be taken6. _ the meeting himself gave them a