三大从句讲义及习题版

1、宾语从句专项宾语从句应用注意事项：1.时态一致 2.人称一致 3.陈述语气 4.标点随主句一、概念宾语从句的宾语部分中有一个从句充当宾语。二、可接宾语从句的动词say 、tell 、think、 know、 see、 hear、 hope、 guess、 find、 feel 等，或由形容词构成的系表结构，如：afraid、 sure、 glad、 sorry等三、宾语从句的标点符号。宾语从句的标点符号取决于主句，如果主句是陈述句，句尾用句号；如果主句是疑问句，句尾用问号。四、引导词。1、that （从句是陈述句时，引导词用that  ，它本身无词义，不充当成分，在口语中可省略，但在

2、正式场合不可省。）2、if或whether （从句是一般疑问句时用if 或whether ，含义是“是否”。）if、whether 一般情况下可以互换，但在构成whetheror not 句式只用whether3、连接代词、连接副词（从句是特殊疑问句时用）连接代词（what、 which、 who、 whose ）连接副词（when、 where、 how 、why ）五、宾语从句的同义句转换。在宾语从句中经常会出现“疑问词+动词不定式”的结构，它可与“疑问词+主语+情态动词+动词原形”进行同义句转换。Can you tell me how I can get to the station？C

3、an you tell me how to get to the station？六、宾语从句的语序。宾语从句的语序都用陈述句语序（即正常的主谓语序）He says that Jim will miss a lot of lessons .He asked whether we should hold a sports meeting .Do you know what the population of Dalian is ？七、宾语从句的时态。1、主句是一般现在时，从句可根据需要选用任何时态。He says that he is good at EnglishHe says that he

4、 has been ill for two daysI dont know if he will come tomorrow2、主句是一般过去时，从句可根据需要用相应的过去某种时态。（即一般过去时、过去将来时、过去完成时等）He asked me where I livedHe said that she had been ill for two daysShe said that she would return soon3、当从句讲述的是客观事实或真理时，从句时态不受主句的影响，都用一般现在时。The teacher said “light travels faster than soun

5、d”He said that the earth is round特例：Could you tell me 委婉的语气，常按照一般现在时处理。Could you tell me where the nearest hospital is ？八、语从句的从句中不再有助动词。即一般现在时的助动词do ，does ，一般过去时的助动词did.Do you like speaking English ？He wants to know .（改为宾语从句）He wants to know if you like speaking English九、如果简单句变成了宾语从句，那么其谓语动词要相应的变化。常

6、见的一般过去时的动词应用过去式；一般现在时的如果主语是第三人称单数的，动词要用单三形式，如果主语不是第三人称单数，动词都用原形；其他时态变成相应的时态的结构即可。十、宾语从句变否定句。如果主句的主语是第一人称I或we 时，并且谓语动词多为think、guess、believe等表示心理活动的词时，变否定句要否定转移，即否定主句。否则，变否定句看从句。I think chicken can swim （变否定句）I dont think chicken can swimHe said that he would go shopping（变否定句） He said that he would no

7、t go shopping一、选择填空：( ) 1. It's so dark. I can't find out _ it's a boy _ a girl. A. if, and                B. that, and               C. either, or            D. whethe

8、r, or( ) 2. Could you tell me if he _ to Shanghai? A. has gone            B. had gone              C. went                   D. go( ) 3. He told me _ she would catch the early bus. A. w

9、hich                  B. whether                C. why           D. that( ) 4. Mrs. Green asked me _ I would go with her. A. what           B. which 

10、                C. why              D. that( ) 5. I don't know _ the coat _ cheap enough. A. if, is             B. where,were               C. tha

11、t ,was             D. if, were( ) 6. Call you tell me why _ yesterday? A. you didn't come        B. did you not come C. didn't you come           D. you don't come( ) 7. He said that they _ Yunnan. A. ha

12、ve been to        B. had gone to             C. have gone to            D. has gone to( ) 8. Jack isn't sure _ students there are in his class. A. how many               

13、B. what           C. which          D. whether( ) 9. Can you tell me _ yesterday? A. what they do                  B. what they did C. what do they do           D. what d

14、id they do( ) 10. I want to know _ his homework yesterday evening.A. if he finished      B. whether he had finishedC. had she finished        D. has she finished( ) 11. Do you know what _ this time yesterday?A. they are doing         B. are

15、 they doing C. they were doing            D. were they doing( ) 12. Excuse me, can you tell me _ ？ A. why was the train late   B. why the train was lateC. why is the train late  D. why the train is late( ) 13. Do you know where _ ? Someone is looking for

16、him. A. he is             B. he was                C. is he            D. was he( ) 14. He wanted to know how long _ in hospital. A. she is staying       B. she had stayed C.

17、did she stay               D. she stay( ) 15. My brother said he _ going _ his friend the next day. A. was, to meet        B. would go, has C. will go, was going to       D. will go, will( ) 16. He told me that he _

18、 to London the next day. A. would go              B. go             C. went           D. has gone( ) 17. He said that light _ much faster than sound. A. traveled          

19、0;B. will travel        C. travels            D. is traveling( ) 18. Our teacher said that the moon _ around the earth. A. turn              B. turned                C. has tu

20、rned        D. turns( ) 19. He said that April _ the _ month of a year. A. is, third                        B. is, fourth                C. was, fourth        D

21、. was, third ( ) 20. Do you know _ ? A. is it whose pen           B. whose pen is it C. whose pen it is           D. it is whose pen( ) 21. Can you tell me _ ? A. who are you         B. who you are C. you are who

22、60;          D. who you be宾语从句答案一、01- 05 DADCA    06-10 ABABA      11-15CBABA      16-20ACDBC定语从句讲解一定语从句1. 注意英汉差异：汉语的定语无论多长都放在被修饰词的前面，而英语中的定语则不然，是一个词时，放在被修饰词的前面，如： .a beautiful girl .a lovely boy 是两个以上的词组、短语或从句则放在被修饰词的后面，如： .She is the

23、 girl in red. 她就是穿红衣的女孩。 .The lady carried a bag full of money. 那位女士背了个装满钱的包。 .He is the man who you are looking for. 她就是你在找的人。 2.分清主句与从句，看究竟哪个句子缺少成分。 如上面第5： 主句：He is the man 从句：who you are looking for 在从句中，looking for 的宾语是the man.因此选用关系代词 who(whom)放置于句首，便是定语从句。 3.从句中做宾语的关系代词可以省略，故第5题可以写成： He is the

24、 man you are looking for. 二定语从句（从句部分）1、功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语 2、位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后 Those who are willing to attend the party, sign here please. 3、先行词：被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词 （1）先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如:some-, any-, every-和no与-boy, -thing的合成词；或all、none、any、some、that、those等代词。 数词也可以作先行词，人称代词也同样可作先行词。 （2）先行词与关系词是等量关系。必须注

25、意两点： 先行词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。 This is the place which is worth visiting. 关系词在从句句子中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，所以在从句中不能重复其意。 There are many places we can visit（them）in China. 4、关系词：引导定语从句的都称关系词 关系代词：which, that, who, whom, whose, as。 关系副词：when, where, why。that偶尔也作关系副词。 5、确定关系词的步骤 （1）先找关系词，看先行词指的是什么。 （2）看关系词

26、在从句中所充当的成分。一关系代词which的用法先行词 格主格所有格宾格事、物、动物whichwhose=of which which1. English is a language. It is spoken all over the world.=> English is a language which is spoken all over the world.英语是世界各地都在使用的语言。2. He looked for a car. The engine of the car was in good condition. =>He looked for a car the

27、 engine of which was in good condition.3. Where is the parcel?We received it this morning. => Where is the parcel (which) we received this morning? 今天早上我们收到的包裹在哪里？二关系代词that的用法先行词 格主格所有格宾格人、物、动物thatwhosethat1. He 's in love with a girl that/who has red hair. 他正和一位红发女孩谈恋爱。2. Baseball is the spo

28、rt that/ which most boys like. 棒球是大多数男孩喜欢的运动。三注意that/ which区别： 在定语从句中，当先行词指物时，下列情况的关系词宜用that而不用which （1） 先行词被形容词最高级修饰 1. Today is the coldest day (that) we have ever experienced.今天是我们经历过最寒冷的一天。（2）先行词被序数词修饰 2. The first thing (that) you have to do is to study mathematics.你必须做的第一件事就是学习数学。（3） 先行词中既有人又有

29、物时。 3. The driver and the car that had fallen into the sea were quickly recovered.掉到海里的司机和车子很快就被捞起来了。（4） 主句中已有疑问词who 或 which 时 4.1 Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting? 在大会上被表扬的那位妇女是谁？ 4.2 Which is the picture (that) Mary painted? 哪一幅是Mary 画的画？（5）先行词被 only、any、few、little、no、all、one of、th

30、e same、the very等修饰时。 5. Li Ming is the only one that wants to be a teacher.李明是唯一一个想当老师的学生之一。（6）先行词为all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything等不定代词时。 6.1 All (that) he said was not true. 他所说的并非全是真的。 6.2 We haven't got much that we can offer you. 我们没有多少东西能身你们提供。 6.3 My brother fixed almost an

31、ything that needed repairing. 我哥哥几乎修理了任何一个需要修理的东西。 （7）有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which,另一个宜用that. 7. Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.爱迪生办了一家工厂，生产过去从未见到过的东西。在定语从句中，下列情况的关系词宜用which 而不用that(1) 可用于非限定性定语从句中，代替物、整个主句或主句中的一部分。(2) 可用于介词之后，即介词 + which (代物)。 1.Is that t

32、he man? You lent the money to him. Is that the man (whom/that) you lent the money to. 那位就是跟你借钱的人吗？ Is that the man to whom you lent the money ?(这里的whom不能被that代替) 2. The train for which I am waiting is now half an hour late. 那班我正在等的火车现在已晚了半小时。 3. This is the habit which you must try to do with. 这是你必须

33、改掉的习惯。 （如果是固定短语，介词不能被提到关系代词前）4 关系代词who/whom的用法先行词 格主格所有格宾格人whoWhose = of whomwho / whom1. This is the man with whom I worked. 这位就是和我一起工作的人2. This is the teacher who often tells jokes. 这就是那个常讲笑话的老师。5 关系词who与that的区别关系词who与that指人时，也有不同情况分别用不同的关系词 （1）当主句是there be句型时，关系词用who。 （2）先行词是为anyone、those、someone

34、、everyone、one等词时，关系词用who。 （3）当主句是who作疑问词时，关系词用that。 Who is that girl that is standing by the window? （4） whom在从句中只作宾语，可被who取代。6 关系代词whose的用法先行词 格主格所有格宾格人、物-whose=of which -Whose 是代词的所有格，它既可以代人也可以代物1. He looked for a car. Its engine was in good condition.=> He looked for a car whose engine was in

35、good condition.他在找一部引擎状况好的车子。7 What的用法先行词 格主格所有格宾格含先行词what- what重点：What = the thing(s) which = all that = anything that1. The thing which I want is peace of mind. => What I want is peace of mind. 我所析是心灵的平静。（经典口语句）2. She told the detectives all that they wanted to know.=> She told the detective

36、s what they wanted to know. 她告诉侦探们他们想要知道的所有事情。3. I don't know what they were talking about.A. 我不知道他们谈论的事情。（关系代词）B. 我不知道他们在谈论什么。（疑问词）注意what的重点：1. What is called/ what we(you, they) call 所谓的She is what is called /what we call a walking dictionary. 他是所谓的活字典。2. A is to. What B is to . A 之对.的关系正如B之对.

37、的关系Air is to us what water is to fish. 空气之于人犹如水之于鱼。3. What A is (was/used to be) 今日的A（昔日的A）She is not what she was ten years ago. 她不再是十年前的她。4. What is + 比较级 更.的是What is more 更好的是；而且What is worse = to make matters worse 而且更糟的是8 关系代词可省略1. 关系代词作宾语可省略The lady (whom) we met on the street is our teacher.我

38、们在街上遇见的女士是我们的老师。2. 关系代词作补语可省略She is not the beautiful girl (that) she was.她现在不像以前那么漂亮3. 在there(here) is (are)的句型中，关系代词可省略。1. There is someone (who) wants to see you. 有人想要见你。2. There are many young men who are against him. 有许多年轻人反对他。 注意：在there be 开头的句子中，要注意be动词的单、复数要与关系代词who后面的谓语动词的单复数保持一致。4. 关系代词后有t

39、here(here) is (are) ,关系代词可省略。 This is the only tie (that) there is in this store. 这是这家店里唯一的一个领带。9 one of 与 the (only) one of 的区别1. One of + 复数名词 + 关系代词 + 动词的复数Titanic is one of the most wonderful movies that have been produced in Hollywood.泰坦尼克号是好莱坞制作的最精彩的电影之一。2. The (only) one of + 复数名词 + 关系代词 + 动词

40、单数Titanic is the (only) one of the most wonderful movies that has been produced in Hollywood.泰坦尼克号是好莱坞所制作的唯一一部精彩的电影。10 Which 与as的区别1. Which 引导的从句，代表前面的整个主句，此时，不能放在主句之前。2. As 引导的定语从句,代表整个主句，它可以放主句之前或之后,as在从句中做宾语。As everybody know, Taiwan belongs to China.= As is known to us, Taiwan belongs to China.众

41、所周知，台湾属于中国。3. 先行词是整个句子的非限定性定语从句置于句尾时，既可用as引导，也可用which引导.The teacher is from Beijing, as/which they know from his accent.他们从老师的口音中就知道他是北京人。Mary lives in an old castle, whose window faces the sea.= Mary lives in an old castle, the window of which faces the sea.玛丽住在一座古老的城堡中，城堡的窗户面向着大海。11 限定性定语从句和非限定性定语

42、从句的用法限定性定语从句：对先行词的内容加以限定。非限定性定语从句:对先行词不加限定，只具有使句子连续的功能，只用来说明前面 的主句的部份或全部。关系代词可用（and/but/because/for 等 + 代名词）来替换。1. We have two daughters who became nurses.我们有两个当护士的女儿。（句中没提到女儿的总数）2. We have two daughters, who became nurses.我们有两个女儿，她们都是护士。（只有两个女儿） = We have two daughters, and they became nurses.3. I

43、have a sister who is a teacher. 我有一个当老师的姐姐（姐姐不止一个） = I have a sister, who is a teacher. 我有一个姐姐，她是当老师的。（只有一个姐姐）4. I bought a hat, which was too big for me. = I bought a hat, but it was too big for me.我买了一顶帽子，但我戴太大了。12、 关系副词1. 关系副词的作用：1.1 在定语从句中代替先行词。1.2 在从句中做状语，起副词和介词短语的作用。1.3 起连接作用，它把两个句子连接成为一个带有定语从

44、句的主从复合句。2. 关系副词有下列三种：1.1 where :在从句中做地点状语，指代地点。（可用于非限定性定语从句）即： 表地点的名词 + where + 定语从句1.2 when :在从句中做时间状语，指代时间。（可用于非限定性定语从句）即： 表时间的名词 + when + 定语从句1.3 why : 在从句中做原因状语，指代原因。 即： 表原因的名词 reason + why + 定语从句Why 只用于reason 之后的限制性定语从句中，作原因状语。3. When, where, why 都可以替换成“介词 + which”,介词的选用取决于先行词和定语从句中的动词。1. This

45、is the house where I was born .这就是我出生的那所房子。 = This is the house in which I was born. = This is the house which / that /可省 I was born in.4. 关系副词when, where 既可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限必定语从句。5. 先行词为reason 时，限制性定语从句可以用why 或for which 来引导；非限制性定从句则只能用for which 来引导。1. I had told them the reason, _ I didn't atten

46、d the meeting.A. For whichB. At whichC. For whomD. Why2. I had told them the reason _ I didn't attend the meeting.A. WhenB. WhichC. WhyD. For that6. Whom 在限制性定语从句中可以被who代替，但在非限制性定语从句中，whom不能用who代替。7. 关系副词when与where、why、thatwhen 指时间 = in / at / on / during which where指地点 = in / at / from / which

47、why指原因 = for which 当先行词为way、day、reason、time时，可用that作关系副词。（非正式场合） I dont like the way that / in which / ×he talks. 我不喜欢他说话的样子。当time作先行词时，关系词可以省掉。 This is the first time I have given you a lesson in French.8. 带reason 的定语从句与表语从句的区别：1. 定语从句: The reason why (that).2. 表语从句：The reason is that .（不能用why

48、, 否则就重复了）1. Do you know the reason why he was late? 你知道他为什么迟到了吗？2. The reason is that I want to invite you to a party. 原因就是我想邀请你参加一个晚会。13、 关系副词和关系代词的区别1. 关系代词在从句中作主语或宾语；关系副词在从句中作状语。1. This is the house where I work now. 这就是我现在工作的房子。2. This is the house (that/which) I visited. 这就是我参观过的房子。3. I'll

49、never forget the day when I joined the army. 我永远也忘不了我参军的那一天。4. I'll never forget the day (that/which) we spent together. 我永远忘不了我们一起度过的那一天。14、 such . as .和the same . as .的用法（as在从句中作主语，宾语或表语）1. such . As . 像. 一样的,像. 之类2. the same . as . 和. 同样的 1. My best friend is not the same man as he was.我最好的朋友

50、和过去不同了。2. This is the same thing as we are in need of. 这东西和我们所需要的东西是一样的。3. This book is not such as I expect. 这不是一本我所希望的书。15、 the same . as .与 the same . That .的用法1. the same . that .; 和. 相同（同一）2. the same . as .; 和. 相同（同类）两者都引导定语从句，意思相近或相同，但如果从句中省去谓语时，必须用as代替that.1. He works in the same shop as / t

51、hat I do. 他和我在同一个车间干活。2. She is the same age as you. 她和你同岁。 注意：1. This is the same pen that I lost. 这支钢笔就是我丢掉的那一支（指同一支笔）2. This is the same kind of pen as I lost. 这支钢笔跟我丢掉的一模一样（但并不是原来的那一支）12、必须注意的问题 （1）关系词作主语时，从句中谓语的数。 （2）注意区别定语从句与强调句。 定语从句中关系词作从句成分，复合句。 强调it无意义，that / who不是引导词。 强调it is / was和that /

52、 who后如果句子意思讲得通则是强调句，讲不通则不是。 （3）定语从句与同位语从句的区别。 定语从句引导词被称为关系词，that充当主语、宾语、表语。有时可省略。 同位语从句引导词被叫做连词，that不能充当任何成分，不可省。 Word came that their army was defeated.(同位语) We expressed to them our wish that was the same as their.(定语) （4）关系词在从句中省略的情况。 关系词作宾语，前无介词时。 关系词作表语。 （5）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的翻译。 （6）关系词前有介词或复杂介词，

53、关系词只能是which和whom。 （7）几个特殊的定语从句句型： He is the only one of the students who has got very good marks in the match.（句中one为先行词） He is one of the students who have got good marks in the match.（句中students为先行词） Is this place the one (that) we visited yesterday? Is this the place(that / which)we visited yeste

54、rday ? He stood at the window, from where he could see what was happening. It may rain, in which case the match will be put off. 定语从句讲解一定语从句2. 注意英汉差异：汉语的定语无论多长都放在被修饰词的前面，而英语中的定语则不然，是一个词时，放在被修饰词的前面，如： .a beautiful girl .a lovely boy 是两个以上的词组、短语或从句则放在被修饰词的后面，如： .She is the girl in red. 她就是穿红衣的女孩。 .The

55、 lady carried a bag full of money. 那位女士背了个装满钱的包。 .He is the man who you are looking for. 她就是你在找的人。 2.分清主句与从句，看究竟哪个句子缺少成分。 如上面第5： 主句：He is the man 从句：who you are looking for 在从句中，looking for 的宾语是the man.因此选用关系代词 who(whom)放置于句首，便是定语从句。 3.从句中做宾语的关系代词可以省略，故第5题可以写成： He is the man you are looking for. 二定语

56、从句（从句部分）1、功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语 2、位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后 Those who are willing to attend the party, sign here please. 3、先行词：被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词 （1）先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如:some-, any-, every-和no与-boy, -thing的合成词；或all、none、any、some、that、those等代词。 数词也可以作先行词，人称代词也同样可作先行词。 （2）先行词与关系词是等量关系。必须注意两点： 先行词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词

57、而定。 This is the place which is worth visiting. 关系词在从句句子中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，所以在从句中不能重复其意。 There are many places we can visit（them）in China. 4、关系词：引导定语从句的都称关系词 关系代词：which, that, who, whom, whose, as。 关系副词：when, where, why。that偶尔也作关系副词。 5、确定关系词的步骤 （1）先找关系词，看先行词指的是什么。 （2）看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。一关系代词which的用法先行词 格

58、主格所有格宾格事、物、动物whichwhose=of which which4. English is a language. It is spoken all over the world.=> English is a language which is spoken all over the world.英语是世界各地都在使用的语言。5. He looked for a car. The engine of the car was in good condition. =>He looked for a car the engine of which was in good

59、condition.6. Where is the parcel?We received it this morning. => Where is the parcel (which) we received this morning? 今天早上我们收到的包裹在哪里？二关系代词that的用法先行词 格主格所有格宾格人、物、动物thatwhosethat3. He 's in love with a girl that/who has red hair. 他正和一位红发女孩谈恋爱。4. Baseball is the sport that/ which most boys like. 棒球是大多数男孩喜欢的运动。三注意that/ which区别： 在定语从句中，当先行词指物时，下列情况的关系词宜用that而不用which （2） 先行词被形容词最高级修饰 1. Today is the coldest day (that) we have ever experienced.今天是我们经历过最寒冷的一天。（2）先行词被序数词修饰 2. The first thing (that) you have to do is to study mathematics.你必须做的第一件事就是学习数学。（5） 先行词中既有人又有物时。 3. The driver and t