历年高考英语专项英语专项冲刺单项填空

1、O O.o O.高考英语专项冲刺单项填空一一交际用语详解1. Have you been wasting time on computer games again?. I ve been studying a lot and I need a break.A. No way B. Not really C. I don t agree D. I couldn t agree more解析：根据下一句“我一直在学习,我需要休息一下可知,此处应是“我没有浪费时间玩游戏. Not really意思是“事实上不是、没有,符合此处语境.No way意思是“没门；I don t agree 意思是 “我不

2、同意,表示绝句对方的提议；I couldn t agree more 意思是“我非常同意,与所提供的情景矛盾.2. .Could we see each other at 3 oclock this afternoon?Sorry, lets make it time.2021 重庆卷A. others B. the other C. another D. otherKey. C 此题考查交际用语.根据上下文,another time表示“下次,改个时 问.3. .-May I ask a question after class, Sir?-,but not during my lunch

3、break. 2021 重庆卷A. Im sorryB. Anytime C. Certainly D. Go aheadC此题考查交际用语.根据上下文表示“当然可以,不过不能在午饭期间.4. .-Im afraid I cant return the book to you before Friday.-2021重庆卷A. Dont be afraid B. Be careful C. Not at all D. Take you timeD此题考查交际用语.根据上下文可以看出“没有关系,不要着急；慢慢来5.0. Would you like to join us in the game?,

4、 for I have something important to attend to. 2021 福建卷A. I willB. Id love to C. I won t D. Im afraidnot答案是D.考查交际用语的用法.从答句 I have something important to attend to 来看,只有D项符合语境.-Are you all right?A. That s OK B. I think so C. Take it easy D. It s very kind of you答案：Bo此题考查的是交际用语中so指代一个肯定的宾语从句的用法,在这里so指代

5、I m all right.本句的意思是：-你好吗-我想是这样我想我的身体 还不错.对于这种题型,考生在复习时应该特别注意增强对中西方文化知识的 比较和了解,掌握使用地道的英语表达习惯来交流思想、传递信息.6. Shall we go out for dinner tonight? .2021浙江卷A. You are rightB. It must be funnyC. That sounds great D. Have a nice time答案：C.此题考查的是交际用语.此题第一句-Shall we go out for dinner tonight? 实际上是一个表示建议的句子,而不是

6、一般的疑问,这一点必须要特别引起注意.A项表示“你是对的；B项表示“这肯定很有趣 ；C项表示“听起来很不错； D项表示“祝你玩得愉快.根据四个选项可以判知, C项可用来对前一句 表示赞同.7. - Is Peter there?-, please. 1 ll see if I can find him for you. 20008 江苏卷A.Hold upB.Hold onC.Hold outD. Hold offB解析：此题考查的是打 时的用语,Hold on意为“别挂8. Have you got any job offers?No.12021辽宁卷A. waited B. had bee

7、n waiting C. have waited D. am wailing.D此题考查时态与交际用语的结合,由句意可知：目前还在等待.故用现在进 行时.9. . -My name is Jonathan. Shall I spell it for you? _ 2021 辽宁卷A. lf you don t mind B. Not atCillTake it easy D. Nice to meet you情景交际用语,由语境可知,选 A.10. Would you like to join me for a quick lunch before class? , but I promise

8、d Nancy to go out with her. 2021 卷 I A. Id like toB. I like it.C. I don tD. I willAo【试题解析】从对话上文可知是答复对方的请求.I d like to与上文照应.【高考考点】情景交际.11. What fruit is in season now?- Pears and apples, .2021 卷 I A. I know B. I think C. I see D. I feel【标准答案】Bo.【试题解析】根据对话上文可知,对别人提出问题的发表自己的看法应用I think我 认为【高考考点】在交际中发表自

9、己的看法.12. Sorry, I made a mistake again. . Practice more and you ll succeed. (.2021 卷 I )A. Never mind B. Certainly notC. Not at all D. Don t mention it【标准答案】Ao【试题解析】Certainly not常用来答复别人问是否见意的问题；Not at all和Don t mention it.用于别人致谢时的答语.只有 Never mind符合语境.题意是“对不 起,我又出错了.没关系,多练习,你就会成功的.【高考考点】情景交际用语.考查别人致歉

10、时如何抚慰对方.13. Say, Jane, will you come with me to the game Friday?-, Bob, but I promised Mary I d go with her.( 山东卷)A. My pleasure B. Thanks C. Take it easy D. Forget it.B此题考查情景对话.对于对方的邀请表示感谢病并委婉拒绝.情景对话要 从礼貌出发.My pleasure相当于It s my pleasure,用于答复对方的感谢.Take it easy意为：别着急,慢慢来.Forget it意为：算了吧,别再提了,常用于答复别

11、人的感谢和抱歉.14. 1 have some big news for you. You ve been accepted as a member of ourclub.That s great!安徽卷A. Have I ?B. Pardon? C. Congratulations! D. Goodidea!【答案与简析】Ao此题考查语言的交际功能.选项A.Have I?是Have I beenaccepted as a member of our club?省略.在有清楚的上下文的情况下, 口语中尽 量使用简洁的表达.选项B.Pardon?用于请求别人重复说过的话；选项C.Congratu

12、lations!用于祝贺别人取得的成绩；选项D.Good idea!用于对别人的建议表示赞同【解题思路】准确把握语言在真实的交际环境中使用的得体性是解决此类问题的 关键.15. Good evening. Huangshan Hotel.Good evening.? 2021 安徽卷A. Do you still have a room for tonightB. What would you like,pleaseC. Is there anything I can do for youD. Who is that speaking,please【答案与简析】Ao此题考查语言的交际功能.从题

13、意看,对话的双方分别是旅 馆的效劳员和顾客.四个选项中,只有选项A的交际功能才符合顾客的身份.【解题思路】此题题干中Huangshan Hotel是解题的关键,从中看出对话双方的 身份,从而容易理解对话内容.16. - I think you d better type this letter again before Mr. Smith see it.-Oh, dear! 2021 江西卷A. Who cares?B. No problemC. I don t mind at all 、D. Is it as bad as that?D 此题考查情景交际.由“我想你在Mr. Smith看到之

14、前应该把这封信再打印一次 “哦,真的吗可知对方对此不以为然.Is it as bad as that?有那样糟吗其中A项Who care 谁在乎不礼貌.2.分词作主语补足语难点形成原因:1. 分不清什么是补足语.2. 分不清何时用现在分词、何时用过去分词.3. 遇到时容易和其他知识点混淆.4. 练得不多、用得不熟.解决方法：1 .通过练习强化.2 .多做题,通过做练习,慢慢渗透.用法讲解：一、概念分词作主语补足语和宾语补足语其实是同一成分用于两种不同的句式中.具体地说,主动态句子中的宾语补足语就是被动态句子中的主语补足语.先了解宾语补足语,那么很容易了解主语补足语.宾语补足语：在英语中,某些及

15、物动词不仅需要宾语,而且还要求某个词或词组来补充说明宾语,即表示宾语代表的人或物所发出的动作或所处的状态,这个词或短语称为宾语补足语.有些语法书把宾语和补足语称为复合宾语.句型：及物动词+宾语n./pron. +宾语补足语n./ adj./ adv./ to do/ -ing/ -ed/介词短语7种表示法该句型假设变成被动语态,即将宾语提到句首作主语,原主动语态中的宾语补 足语此时在被动语态中起到补充说明主语的作用,所以改称主语补足语.例如：A cook will be immediately fired if he is found smoking in the kitchen.03全国卷此

16、句中smoking是主语he的补足语,所以称为主语补足语.A cook will be immediately fired if someone finds him smoking in the kitchen.此句中smoking是宾语him的补足语,所以称为宾语补足语.二、何时用现在分词、何时用过去分词作主语宾语补足语分词作主语宾语补足语时,假设主语宾语与分词之间是主动关系,那么 用现在分词表示主动；如果主语宾语与分词之间是被动关系,那么用过去分词 表小被动.例如：He was heard singing in the next room.He was singing. 主语he与补足语“

17、唱歌之间是主动关系,故用现在分词 singing.One of the glasses was found broken.One of the glasses was broken. 主语 one of the glasses 与补足语 “打 破 之间是被动关系,故用过去分词broken.Don t leave the water running while you brush your teeth.04 天津The water is running. 宾语the water与补足语“淌之间是主动关系,故用 现在分词running.三、可以用分词作主语或宾语补足语的动词要会使用分词作补足语,必

18、须记住哪些动词可以接分词充当补足语.1 . 感官动词 feel, hear, listen to, see, watch, notice, observe, look at一感二听五看及巾nd等既可以接现在分词又可以接过去分词充当补足语.如：If you wave your book in front of your face, you can feel the air moving against your face.The air can be felt moving against your face, if you wave your book in front of your fac

19、e.The next morning she found the man lying in bed, dead.The next morning the man was found lying in bed, dead.2 .表示致使动词get, have , leave等既可以接现在分词又可以接过去分 词充当补足语.-Good morning. Can I help you?-Id like to have the package weighed, mad am. MET893.表示“意欲；命令的动词如like, want, wish, order等常接过去分词充当补足语.如：You mus

20、t tell us exactly what you would like done.你必须准确地告诉我们该做什么.The father wants his daughter taught the piano. 这位父亲想让女JL学车风琴.I wish it done quickly.我希望很快将此事做完.注意：set, start, catch常跟现在分词作宾语补足语,make常跟过去分词作宾语补足语.如：set sb thinking start sb coughingHe looked around and caught a man putting his hand into the p

21、ocket of a passenger. 04 d 匕京春季The speaker raised his voice but still couldn t make himself heard.NMET91典例精析：1. 1 smell something in the kitchen. Can I call you back ina minute?2007全国 I A. burning B. burntC. being burntD. to be burnt答案：A.解析：smell something burning闻着什么东西在燃烧而发出糊味强调这个s voice动作正在进行.burn

22、ing作宾语补足语.something burnt 烧焦了的东西表 示一种状态.所以选 A.2. Afte r a knock at the door, the child heard his motherhim. 2007 上海A. callingB.calledC. beingcalledD. to call答案：A.解析：hear sb. doing sth.意为“听到某人在做某事.动词+ing表示主动,the child heard his mothers voice call ing him 表示“孩子听见他母亲喊他 .hear sth. done 表示“听见某事被做了.所以选 Ao

23、3. Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her writtenEnglish in a short period. 2007 福建A. improvedB. improving C. to improve D. improve答案：A.解析：have sth. done 表示“使某事被做,have her written Englishimproved使她的书面英语得到提升.动词+ed形式作宾语补足语表示被 动.have sb. doing sth. 意为“使某人一直在做某事 表主动.have sb. do s

24、th.意为“使某人做某事表主动,do前必须省略to .所以选Ao4. - Did Peter fix the computer himself?-He, because he doesnt know much about computers. 2007 安徽A. has it fixedB. had fixed itC. had itfixedD. fixed it答案：Co解析：have sth. done 表示“使某事被做或请别人做某事,动词 +ed形式作 宾语补足语表示被动. 由 because he doesnt know much about computers 可 判断出,他找别人

25、维修了电脑.所以选 Co分词作状语难点形成原因：1 .对在旬中作时间、条件、原因还是别的状语不是很清楚.2 .分不清何时用现在分词、何时用过去分词.解决方法：1 .理解分词作状语时可以转换成相应的状语从句.2 .分清何时用现在分词、何时用过去分词.用法讲解：1 .分词或分词短语作状语时,可以表示时间、原因、让步、条件,方式或伴随 状况.通常可转换成相应的状语从句；表示方式或伴随状况时可以转换成并列句 或非限制性定语从句.例如：Put into use in April 2000 =When it was put into use in April 2000, the hotline was m

26、eant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns. 2005上海分词短语作时间状语Blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network =Because she was blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits. 2006福建分词短语作原因状语Given time =If he is given time, he ll makea fis

27、t -class tennis player. 03北京分词短语作条件状语We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, thinking that all children like these things. = and think that all children like these things. 2006 全国3分词短语作伴随状语2 .有时为了强调,分词前可带 when, while, if, though, as if, unless等连词一起作状语,以便使句子的意思更清楚、更连贯.例如：Wh

28、en comparing different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.2006 浙江Though tired, he still continued reading.3 .现在分词和过去分词作状语时的用法比较.不管是现在分词还是过去分词单独作状语,其逻辑主语必须与主句的主语 一致.分词作状语通常可转换成一个相应的状语从句或并列句,如果状语分句或并列句中的谓语动词为被动结构,就用过去分词；如果状语分句或并列句中的谓 语动词为主动结

29、构,就用现在分词.例如：When compared with the size of the whole earth , the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. 04 湖北分词局部相当于 When the biggest ocean is compared with the size of the whole earth,主语与分词是被动关系,所以用过去分词.Whencomparing it with the size of the whole earth, we find that the biggest ocean does not seem

30、 big at all.When we compare it with the size of the whole earth.主语与分词是主动关系,所以用现在分词.Faced with a bill for $ 10,000=Because he is faced with a bill for $ 10,000, John has taken an extra job.2006 全国 2Wheneverhe was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always saying the samething

31、 = and he would say the samething. 2006 江苏注意：1 .现在分词有两种时态：一般式 doing和完成式having done.一般式通常 表示与主句的谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或无先后； 完成式那么强调分词所表 示的动作先于谓语动词所表示的动作.如：While walking in the street, we met some friends of ours.同时发生Having waited in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his walle

32、t at home. 04北京 “等待先于谓语动词“意 识到2 .分词的否认式的构成：not + 分词.Not having received a reply, he decided to write again.难点形成原因：1 .分不清什么是独立主格结构.2 .分不清何时用现在分词、何时用过去分词.3 .遇到时容易和其他知识点混杂.4 .练得不多、用得不熟.解决方法：1 .要先下功夫学会分词作状语现象,然后再引中出分词与句子主语既无主动又无被动关系现象,从而导出分词的独立主格结构.2 .典型例句进行精讲精炼.用法讲解:独立主格结构与主语之间没有句法上的联系,但是与句子的意义是紧密联系在一起

33、的.它只能属于短语,而不可以单独成为一个句子,是一个独立于句 子之外,但是又能表达一个句子意思的独特的结构. 它的位置比较灵活,可以置 于句首、句中、句尾,通常与句子之间用逗号隔开.其结构是：名词/代词+动词不定式/现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/ 介词短语/名词,起到逻辑主语作用的代词要用主格形式, 不可以用宾格.“w计h+ 复合宾语实际上也是独立主格结构的一种,但是此结构中的代词用宾格形式, 即“w让h+宾语+宾语补足语.独立主格结构在句中主要用来作状语,可以表示原因、方式、时间、伴 随等,w让h+复合宾语结构除了可以作状语外,还可以用来作定语.以下分六种 情况分别介绍：1 .名词/代词

34、+动词不定式表示动作发生在主句动词动作之后或者还没有发生,构成形式是：n/pron.+ to do sth.,如果不定式与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系,就用动词不定式的被动形式.如：The examination to be held tomorrow morning, I couldn t go to surf the Internet tonight.明早就要测试了,今晚我不能上网了.2 .名词/代词+现在分词表示动作与主句动词动作同时发生,构成形式是：n/ pron.+ doing, 如果强调分词的事件发生在主句动作时间之前,通常用现在分词完成式形式来表示.如：It being a fine

35、 day, we decided to go swimming.由于天气不错,我们决定去游泳.表示原因The students having done all the exercises, the teacher went on to explain the text.学生做完所有练习之后,老师继续讲解课文.表示时间3 .名词/代词+过去分词如果所用的分词与主格名词或代词之间是动宾关系,由于独立主格中的名 词或代词就是短语的逻辑主语,因此要用过去分词,表示过去分词与逻辑主语之 间的被动关系.如：The prisoner stood there, his hands raised.表示伴随状况4

36、 .名词/代词+非动词名词、形容词、副词、介词短语该结构主要用来表示对句子的细节进行补充说明,主要是用来表示方式、伴 随、原因、时间等.如：I heard that she got injured in the accident, my heart full of worry.我听说她在这场事故中受伤了,心中充满担忧.形容词,表伴随We went many guests, most of them Americans.我们会见了许多客人,他们当中大局部是美国人.名词,表补充说明The murderer got into the house, a sword in his hand.凶手闯进房间

37、,手里拿着一把剑.介词短语,表伴随提示：在跟介词短语时,要考虑到介词两边的名词的对等关系,即如果是“名 词+介词+名词结构,当两边的名词都是可数名词单数形式时要注意：要么两 边的名词都用限定词,要么都不用限定词 ,例如：The murderer got into the house, a sword in his hand.=The murderer got into the house, sword in hand.=The murderer got into the house , with a sword in his hand.5 . with+宾语+宾语补足语“with+名词代词+现

38、在分词表正在进行1 couldn t do my homework with all that noise going on.05 d匕京“with+名词代词+过去分词表被动It was a pity that the great writer died with his works unfinished. NMET2004 福建“with+名词代词+动词不定式表将来I send you 100 dollars today, the rest to follow in a year.05湖南With all this work to do, I don t know if I ll have

39、time to go out.有这么多工作要做,我不知道是否有时间出去.“with+名词代词+形容词/副词/名词/介词短语表宾语的性质或状态She used to sleep with the windows open.With Mr Smith away, we ve got more room.With production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.NMET2000He left home, with his wife a hopeless soul.他走了,妻子十分伤心.6 . there be 句型的独

40、立主格结构there be句型比较特殊,虽然它是一个倒装句,主语是be动词之后的名词形式, 但是在独立主格结构中there却占据主格的位置,即there being .,如：There being no bus, we had to go back home on foot.由于没有公共汽车,我们不得不步行回家.There being no one in the classroom, Mr. Wangwondered what was happening.教室里一个同学都没有,王老师不知道发生了什么事.典例精析:1. The country has already sent up three

41、unmanned spacecraft, the most recent at the end of last March.2007 山东A. has been launchedB.having been launchedC. being launchedD. to belaunched答案：Bo解析：根据题干中提供的时间判断,最近的 spacecraft已经被发射,所以选择 B.being launched表示“正在被发射 ；to be launched表示“将要被发射.假设选 has been launched , 成了两句话There being 的用法难点形成原因：1. 不清楚此概念.

42、2. 搞不懂何时使用.3. 没有经常总结归纳.解决方法：记住何种情况下使用 there being .用法讲解:there be句式的非谓语形式There be 的非谓语形式有两种,即 there to be 和there being .需要掌握以 下几个情况：1 .作主语当作主语时,一般是There being结构,当句式中有for时,一般用there to be 如：There being a shop here is a great advantage.这儿有个商店,真是方便极It is impossible for there to be any more.不可能再有了.2 .作宾语作

43、动词宾语时,一般用there to be结构.常见动词有：expect, mean, intend want, prefer 等：We expect there to be no argument.我们希望不会出现争吵.People dont want there to be another war.人 4不希望再有战争.作介词的宾语一般用There being句式,但当在for后时一般用there to be 句式.This depended on there being a sudden change.这需要有个突然的改变.The teacher was waiting for there

44、 to be complete silence.老师在等着大家都安静下来.3 .作状语用作状语的there be 的形式通常用there being 结构.There being no buses, we had to walk home.由于没有公共汽车,我们不得不走着回家.There being no nobody in the room, we realized that there wasno use crying.屋里没人,我们意识到哭喊是没有用的.注意：如果句中出现for时应用there to be .It was too late for there to be any buse

45、s.太晚了,没有公共汽车了.典例精析：1 . Owing to no shipping space up to the moment, we have to requiredelayed shipment.A. there is B. there be C. there wasD. there being答案：Do解析：owing to后面应该加名词,作介词的宾语一般用there being句式,故 选Do2 .nothing else to do, we went home happily.A. There to be B. There be C. There wasD. There bei

46、ng答案：Do解析：此题句意为：由于没事可做,我们快乐地回家了.所选局部应该在句中作状语.用作状语的there be的形式通常用there being 结构.应选D.3 . I dont want any misunderstanding between us.A. there to beB. there be C. there isD. there being答案：A.解析：此题句意为：我不希望我们之间有什么误会.所选局部在句中作动词的复 合宾语.作动词宾语时,一般用there to be 结构,应选A.4 .a house with a garden is of great value.A

47、. There to beB. There beC. There wasD. There being答案：D.解析：此题句意为：拥有花园的房子是很有价值的.所选局部应该在句中作主语,当作主语时,一般是there being 结构,应选D=过去完成进行时与将来完成时难点形成原因：1 .不清楚用法.2 .未注意与它搭配的时间状语.解决方法：1 .彻底理解过去完成进行时与将来完成时根本用法.2 .注意与它搭配的时间状语.用法讲解：一、过去完成进行时一构成：过去完成进行时是由had been +现在分词构成.She had been suffering from a bad cold when she

48、 took the exam. 她在测试之前一直患重感Had they been expecting the news for some time? 他们期待这个消息有一段时间了吧二用法：1 .表示过去某一时间之前一直进行的动作.过去完成进行时表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始,一直延续到这一过去时间.和过去 完成时一样,过去完成进行时也必须以一过去时间为前提.过去完成进行时也是一个相对的时态,上下文中须有明示或暗示的作为参照的过去的时间.I had been looking for it for days before I found it.这东西我找了 好多天才找着.They had only

49、 been waiting for the bus a few minutes when it came.他们只等了 几分钟车就来2 .表示反复的动作.He had been mentioning your name to me. 他过去屡次向我提至U过你的名字.3 .过去完成进行时还常用于间接引语中.The doctor asked what he had been eating.医生问他吃了 什么.I asked where they had been staying all those days.我问他们那些天呆在哪儿.4 .过去完成进行时之后也可接具有突然之意的when分句.I had

50、 only been reading a few minutes when he came in. 我刚看了 几分钟他就进来了.Shed only been reviewing her lessons for a short while when her little sister interrupted her.她温习功课才一会儿,她妹妹就打断她了.三过去完成进行时和过去完成时的比较：She had cleaned the office, so it was very tidy.她已经清扫过办公室了,所以很整洁.强调结果She had been cleaning the office, so we had to wait outside.她一直在清扫办公室,所以我们不得不在外面等着.强调动作一直在进行二、将来完成时一构成： will/shall have + 过去分词We hope it will have stopped raining before we set off for the picnic.我们希望在出发去野餐以前雨