短暂性动词-延续性动词和现在完成时

1、短暂性动词-延续性动词和现在 完成时 短暂性动词，延续性动词和现在完成时 延续性动词是指动作发生后还可以延续一段时间或者相当长的一段时间。如： live, work, study, learn, sleep 等，延续性动词可以和表示一段的时间状语连用。 短暂性动词是指动作一旦发生就立即结束。它不能和一段时间连用。这类动词有： go, come, arrive, leave, begin, start, join, marry 等; 在否定句中，短暂性动词可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。 We haven t hed from Jane for a long time. 短暂性动词的肯定式不能与表

2、示一段时间的 for 或 since 或 how long 等状语连用。值得 注意的是，表示一段时间的状语除了 “for 一段时间”外，还有 since+n.从句（时间点），since+ 时间段+ago,疑问词 how long in the past+寸间段，all these+寸间段，fromto （时间点） 以及till/until+n./句子等等。例如： have received his letter for three day（ x） I have received his letter, V） How long did she leave . （x） How long has s

3、he bee n away? （ V） 如果短暂性动词与表示一段时间的时间状语连用，必须将短暂性动词改为延续性动词。 现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换： arrive f be here finish f be over catch(a cold) f have(a begi n( start) f be on put on f wear 或 be on cold) die f be dead ope n f be ope n get to know f know come back f be back close f be closed beg in to study f st

4、udy leave f be away (from) joi n f be in/ be a member come to work f work fall ill(asleep) f be ill( asleep) of move to f live in go to school f be a student fini sh/e nd f be over get up f be up borrow f keep come to f be in goroue ffbeeret buy/get f have sit dow n f be seated 除了用上面的转化形式之外，还可以用其他的表

5、达形式： A. It is 或者 It has been+时间+since . （动词用过去式）， B. 主语+谓语（过去时）+时间+ago。 例如： It s five days since I received his letter. His father died three years ago. 看一个句子可以用以下几种说法：他离开上海已经 3 天了。 He left Shanghai three days ago. He has been away from Shanghai for three days/since three days ago It is/has been thr

6、ee days since he left Shanghai. Three days has passed since he left Shanghai. 几点注意事项： （1） have been（to 与 have gone（ to 的 区别： have been（to 表示 去过某地（现在已经回来了） ”，可用于各人称； have gone（to 表示去某地了（说话时某人不在当地）”，可能在去的路上，可能已在某地， 也可能在回来的路上，总之，人不在这里。常用第三人称作主语。 前者可与 once,never, several time 等连用，后者贝 U 不能。 如：They have b

7、een to Beijing twicd 他们去过北京两次。 He has gone to Beijing 他 去北京了。 注意比较 has gone to, has been to, has been 的意义： He has gone to Amercia. （他到美国去了。 他不在这里） He has been to Amercia. （他去过美国。 现已回来） He has been in Shanghai. （他在上海呆过。 现在不在上海） He has been in shanghai for years.（他在上海多年。 现在还在上海） （2） 终止性动词现在完成时的否定式， 已变

8、成一种可以延续的状态，因此可以和表示一段时 间的状语连用。 如：I haven t left here since 佃 97 自从 1997 年以来，我一直没有离开过这儿。 另外，动词的延续性与非延续性还体现在这两种句型中： 延续性动词的肯定式+till/until 短暂性动词的否定式+till/ until 请看例句： We waited until he came. I didn t go to bed until my father came back home last night. 短暂性动词，延续性动词和现在完成时练习 I. 句型转换： 1. Mr. Li began to tea

9、ch English in this school in 1999（同义句） Mr. Li _ English in this school since 佃 99. 2. The factory opened ten years ago（同义句 The factory _ for ten years. 3. John left Beijing three years ago.（同义句） Three years _ Joh n _ Beiji ng. John _ Beiji ng _ three years. 4. His company opened in 2003.（同义句 His com

10、pany _ since 2003. 5. My father bought the car half a year ago.（同义句 My father _ the car _ half a year. 6. We got to know each other for about 15 years.同义句 We _ each other _ about 15 years. 7. The film began ten minutes ago.（同义句 The film _ for ten minutes. & I borrowed this book two weeks ago.（同义

11、句 I_ this book for two weeks. 9. My father came back the day before yesterday. My father has _ for two days. 10. My uncle bought the new car two months ago. My uncle has _ the new car _ two months ago. 11. 用 have been 和 have gone 填空。 1. Mother isn t here. She _ to the barber s. 2. _ you ever _ abroa

12、d before? 4. Tom and Mary have just come in. They _ to a party. 5. Tom and Mary aren t here. They _ to a Party. 6. My father _ to New York. He left this morning. 12. The students_ to the cinema to see a film today. Now they are back. 14. Mr. and Mrs. Smith _ to London now. They _ there twice already

13、. 18. Miss Li _ never _ to China before. 19. Where _ you_ ? The meeting has already begun. 20. Where _ he _ ? I can t find him anywhere. in.选择题 1. The bookshop _ for eight years. A has been open B has been opened C has opened D has open 2. I _ the club for 5 years so far. A. joined B. have joined C.

14、 have been in 3. The factory_ since the February of 佃 88. A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened 4. Mary and Rose _ friends since they met in 2000. A. have made B. have been C. made D. have become 5. You mustnt _ until he comes back. A. be away B leave C. be left 6. The meeting _ for

15、a week now. A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over 7. Miss Gao _ this school for nearly 5 years. A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught 8. Ben _ a teacher for 4 years . A. has been B. has become C. was D. became 9. I _ home for a week. A. have returned B. have been back C. returned 10. H

16、ow long _ he _ ? A. died B. has, died C. has, been dead 11. He _ at eight yesterday afternoon. A. slept B. was sleeping C. has sleep D. had slept 12. He _ the car for a week. A. bought B. has bought C. has had 13. - How long_ you _ ill ? - Two weeks. A. did fall B. have, fell C. have, been 14.Since

17、2000, he _ his hometown. A. has left B. has moved away C. has been away from 15ll lend you the book , but you can only _ it for 2 days. A. borrow B. keep C. take 16.The bus _ on the road for 2 hours so far. A. has stopped B. stopped C. has been 仃.Are you _ the jacket these days? A. wearing B. puttin

18、g on C. dressing D. on 18. He _ foe 2 hours. A. got up B. has got up C. has been up 19. Tom is ill in hospital. He _ a cold for several days. A. is B. catches C. has caught D. has had 20. - How long can I _ the book? - Two weeks. A. borrow B. lend C. get D. keep 21. - How long _ you _ the army? -For

19、 one and a half years. A. did, join B. have, been in C. have, joined D. will, join 22. Oh, Mrs, King. Your dress looks nice. Is it new? No, I _ it since two years ago. A. had B. bought C. have had D. have bought 23. Jack has _ for a week. A. had a cold B got a cold C. caught a cold 24. “ Howlong have you there? ” “ Aboutix years. ” A. come B. gone C. left D. worked 25. Our workshop _ since two years ago. A. was open B. opened C. has been open D. has opened 26. My grandpa _ for half a year. A. has been dead B. died C. has died D. was dead 27. - What a nice bike! H