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1、高考介词总结以及易错点一、单项选择介词1 These comments came specific questions often asked by local newsmen.A in memory ofB in response toC in touch withD in possession of【答案】B【解析】【分析】考查介词短语辨析。句意:这些评论是对某些经常被当地新闻人问到的问题的回应。A. inmemory of 纪念, B. in response to 回应, C. in touch with 联系, D. in possession of 拥有。分 析句子成分知道空格处为
2、介词短语起连接状语的作用,根据常识和句意,评论应该是对问题的回应。所以答案应该是B. in response to 回应。【名师点睛】介词不能独立在句中做成份,介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成份,表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系。本题考查的介词短语结构是介词+名词 +介词的形式,本句另外还含有一个过去分词(asked bylocal newsmen )作定语的用法。【详解】请在此输入详解!【点睛】请在此输入点睛!2 Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.
3、68 theaverage.A belowB aboveC aboutD on【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查介词。句意:去年是有史以来最暖和的一年,全球气温比平均高出0.68 摄氏度。A.below (the average) 平均以下; B. above (the average) 平均以上; C. about (the average)平均水平; D. on (the average)平均。根据 Last year was the warmest year on record 可知此处用“平均以上”符合语境。故选B 项。3 the cultural differences, the fil
4、m s advertising materials should have explained, in brief the moral behind Ne Zha s story to make it more appealing to foreign audiences.A ConsideredB SupposedC GivenD Supposing【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查熟词生义。句意:鉴于文化的不同,哪吒的广告宣传语应该介绍一下哪吒这个电影的寓意。A. Considered经过深思熟虑的,属于形容词;B. Supposed猜测的,属于形容词;C.Given 考虑到,鉴于,属于介词;
5、D. Supposing 假定,设想,属于连词。结合句意及句子结构可知,此处用介词鉴于"符合语境。故选 C项。4 Bless your heart, I know you didn t break the vase !_. Don t cryA on purposeB by accidentC on businessD by mistake【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查介词短语。句意:好了好了,我知道你不是故意打破花瓶的。别哭了!A.故意地;B.偶然;C.出差;D.错误地。根据 Don' t cry可知,打破花瓶不是故意的。故选A。5 The open-air celebra
6、tion has been put offthe bad weather.A in case ofB in spite ofC instead ofD because of【答案】D【解析】试题分析:考查介词短语辨析。A. 万一,以防;B. 不论; C. 而不是;D. 因为。句意:开放庆典由于天气恶劣被推迟。故选D。考点:考查介词短语辨析6 A serious study of physics is impossible some knowledge of mathematics A againstB beforeC beyondD without【答案】D【解析】介词辨析。句意:不掌握一定的
7、数学知识是没有办法对物理学进行系统地研究的。against:反对,违反; before:在之前,先于; beyond :超过;越过; without :没有;在外面。选Do考点:介词介词短语7 What does the stuff on your T-shirt mean?It s nothing. Just something .A. as clear as day B off the top of my headC. under my nose D. beyond my wildest dreams【答案】B【解析】A考查习语辨析。off the top of one ' s h
8、ead思索地,即兴地,符合语境,符合 句意; as clear as day清二楚的;under one' s nose某人鼻子底下, 公然; beyond one' swildest dreams超越梦想。句意:你T恤上的东西是什么意思?没什么。不过是即兴而为的东西。8. (江苏) Determining where we are our surroundings remains an essentialskill for our survival.A. in contrast toB. in defense ofC. in face ofD. in relation to【
9、答案】D【解析】【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意:确定相对于我们周围环境的地理位置仍然是我们生存的基本技能。A. in contrast to 与 形成对照;B. in defense of 为 辩护;C. in face of 面对;D. inrelation to涉及,相对于。根据语境,故选 D项。9. Modern zoos should shoulder more social responsibility social progress andawareness of the public.A. in light ofB. in favor ofC. in honor ofD. in
10、praise of【答案】A【解析】【分析】【详解】考查介词短语。句意:现代的动物园应该根据社会的进步和公众的意识来承担更多的社会责任。A. in light of 根据,鉴于;B. in favor of 有利于,支持;C. in honor of 为了纪念;D. in praise of歌颂,为赞扬。此处表示根据,故选 A。10. Before you pay a visit to a place of interest, look in your local librarya book about it.A. onB. atC. forD. to【答案】C【解析】on在上面,通过某种媒介
11、;at在一点;for为了 ;to至U,向.句意:在你去一个有趣的地方游玩之前 去你们当地的图书馆找一本关于它的书看看.本句中需注意in your local library是插入语,作地点状语,故选C, look for寻找.【考点定位】介词辨析11 Human life is regarded as part of nature and, as such, the only way for us to survive is to livenature.A in view ofB in need ofC in touch withD in harmony with【答案】D【解析】【分析】【详
12、解】考查介词短语辨析。句意:人的生活是自然的一部分,因此,我们生存下来的唯一的方法 就是与自然和谐相处。A.in view of在眼里;B.in need of需要;;C.in touch with和接触;D. In harmony with与和谐相处。这四个短语后面都应该接名词,根据句意,故选 D。【点睛】短语辨析和单词的考察在试卷中经常出现。通常在介绍一个词语的时候会顺带着列出其固定搭配的短语。对于短语而言,没有捷径可言,只有老老实实的记忆。当然介词短语的记 忆可以结合具体介词以及主要的名词的意思来进行记忆。12 (重庆)Last year was the warmest year on
13、record, with global temperature 0.68 the average.A belowB onC atD above【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查介词。句意:去年是有纪录以来最热的一年,全球平均气温上升0.68 度。 A. below 低于;B. on在 之上;C. at在;D. above超过,多于。卞据前一句Last year was thewarmest year on record 推知,温度应该是上升了,故用介词above。【点睛】with 的复合结构中,复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词和代词充当,第二部分补足语由形容词,副词,介词短语,动词不定式或分词充当。而
14、本题考查with + 名词 /代词+介词短语,而介词的使用则根据当时语境的提示来做出相应的变化即句中的the warmest year on record起重要作用,可知高出平均气温。13 This was returned because the person this letter was addressed had died three years ago.A to whomB to whichC whichD whom【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查介词+关系代词。句意:这封信被退回来是因为收信人三年前去世了。分析句子可知,the person 为先行词,在后面的定语从句中,作介词的宾语
15、,而定语从句中涉及be addressto sb给“写信”。所以介词为to。故A选项正确。【点睛】定语从句中关系词的选择可考虑以下三点:(1) 一看先行词的意义,即分清先行词是指人、指物、时间、地点还是原因(如指物时不能用 who 或 whom ,指人时通常不用which 等 )。(2) 二看关系词的句法功能,即分清关系词是担任什么句子成分,是作主语还是宾语、是作定语还是状语等(如作定语通常用 whose,有时也用 which;作状语要用 when, where, why);(3) 三看定语从句的种类,即分清是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句(如that 和 why通常不引导非限制性定语从句
16、)。分析本句可知,the person 为先行词,在后面的定语从句中,作作介词的宾语。而定语从句中涉及be address to sb给.二写信”。所以介词为to。故A选项正确。14 - Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.- With so much work my mind, I ll almost.A filling; break upB filled; break outC filled; break offD filling; break down【答案】D【解析】试题分析: break up 驱散,放假 “”,
17、break out “爆发 ”, break off 折断,中止“”; break down “出故障,身体垮掉第一空是“with宾语+宾补”结构,在此结构中宾语work和动词fill是主动关系,用现在分词,排除 B、C选项,再根据语境可知答案选Do句意:快点,请告诉我有关这项工程的一些意见。”“ 对不起,我满脑子都是工作,我快垮掉了。”考点:考查非谓语动词和短语辨析。15 His remark was considered to be quite , because it deepened the gap between twoparties and caused more conflict
18、s.A out of placeB out of mindC out of questionD out of order【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查介词短语。句意:他的评论被认为是不恰当,因为它加深了两党的间隙,导致更多的冲突。 A. out of place 不适当,B. out of mind 发狂,疯狂C. out of question 没问题,D. out of order 秩序混舌L。 由 “deepened the gap caused more conflicts 可知: out of place 不恰当 “符 合句意。故选A项。16. 一How can I reserve
19、the tickets?一 phone.A. OnB. WithC. ByD. In【答案】C【解析】我怎样才能订票?“通过电话”问句用到how所以要用表方式的词语回答,A. On在上面B. With用C. By通过、凭借 D. In在里面答案为C17. It was obvious that the meeting was concerned the housing reform and everyonepresent was concerned their own interests.A. with ; withB. with ; forC. for; aboutD. about; wit
20、h【答案】B【解析】试题分析:考查动词短语辨析。句意:很显然,这次会议是有关房屋改革的,所有在场的 人都很关心他们自己的利益。be concerned with与有关;be concerned for关心,为 担忧。故选Bo考点:考查动词短语辨析。18. The train is schedule. You' ll have to wait another fifteen minutes.A. in B. behindC. across D. off【答案】B【解析】考查介词。A. in在 里面;B. behind在后面;C. across穿过;D. off离开。句意:火车晚点了,你必须再等十五分钟。behind schedule晚点;落后于预定计划;误期;误点。根据语境可知,故选 Bo19. With the help of curriculum reform, students enjoy a variety of after-school activities, up to half are aimed at strengthening their physical strength and building
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