初中英语语法之现在完成时讲解_练习_答案

1、现在完成时【现在完成时】A. 表 示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动 作或状态。【常用时间状语】 recently, lately, since+时间点 , for+数字 +时间名词 , in the past few months/years等 【构成】 肯定形式:have/has + done否定形式 :have/has + not +done一般疑问句 :have 或 has 放于句首B. 现在完成时的用法1现在完成时所表示的动作在说话之前已完成,而对现在有影响。车子来了。 (结果:车子已在门口Someone has broken the

2、window.有人把窗户打破了。 (结果:窗户仍破着区别:have been to, have gone to, have been inhave been to,表示去过某个地方,不过现在已经回来了have gone to表示去了,但还没有回来,也许是在去的途中have been in指的是在某个地方,从过去一直延续到现在例如:你以前去过北京么?例如:A: Is Mr.Wang at home?B: No,he is not in,(他去香港了2现在完成时所表示的动作开始于过去,持续到现在,也许还会持续下去。常用 for 和 since 表示 一段时间的状语或 so far, now , t

3、oday , this week (month, year 等表示包括现在时间在内的状语。 eg. He has studied English for 5 years.He has studied English since 2001.Now I have finished the work.注意:表示短暂时间动作的词,如 :come, go , die , marry , buy 等的完成时不能与 for , since 等表 示一段时间的词连用。用来持续的动作或状态或表过去重复的动作,如 live , study , be , wait 等,常和 since (自从或 for (经历引导

4、的词语连用。如:I have lived here for more than thirty years.我已在此住了 30多年。由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换 :arrive be here begin(startbe on die be deadcome back be back leave be awayfall ill(sick, asleepbe ill(sick, asleep get up be upgo out be outfinish be overput on wear 或 be on open be open join be in或 be a member of clo

5、se be closedgo to school be a student borrow keepbuy havecatch(a cold have(a cold get to know knowbegin to study study come to work work例题( 1.When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _ for 20 minutes.A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away ( 2. I _ the League for 5 years so far.A.

6、joined B. have joined C. have been in( 3.The factory _ since the February of 1988.A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened( 4.Mary and Rose _friends since they met in 2000.A. have made B. have been C. made D. have become ( 5.You mustn't_ until he comes back.A. be away B. leave C. be

7、 left( 6.The meeting _ for a week now.A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over( 7.Miss Gao _ this school for nearly 5 years.A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught( 8.Ben _ a teacher for 4 years.A. has been B. has become C. was D. became( 9. I _ home for a week.A. have returned B. have been

8、 back C. returned( 10. How long _ he _ ?A. died B. has, died C. has, been dead( 11. He _ at eight yesterday afternoon.A. slept B. was sleeping C. has sleep D. had slept ( 12.He _ the car for a week.A. bought B. has bought C. has had( 13.-How long _ you _ ill ?-Two weeks.A. did fall B. have, fell C.

9、have, been( 14.Since 2000, he _ his hometown.A. has left B. has moved away C. has been away from( 15.I'll lend you the book , but you can only _ it for 2 days.A. borrow B. keep C. take练习单项选择 ( 1、 Both his parents look sad. Maybe they _what's happened to him. A. knew B. have known C. must kno

10、w D. will know( 2、 He has _ been to Shanghai, has he ?A. already B. never C. ever D. still( 3、 Have you met Mr Li _?A. just B. ago C. before D. a moment ago ( 4、 The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year .A. is writing B. was writing C. wrote D. has written( 5、 Our country _ a lot so far

11、 . Yes. I hope it will be even _.A. has changed; well B. changed; good C. has changed; better D. changed; better ( 6、 Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years .A. was; studying B. will; study C. has; studied D. are; studying( 7、 We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .A. know B. had known C

12、. have known D. knew( 8、 Harry Potter is a very nice film. I _ it twice.A. will see B. have seen C. saw D. see( 9、 These farmers have been to the United States . Really? When _ there?A. will they go B. did they go C. do they go D. have they gone( 10、 _ you _ your homework yet? Yes. I _ it a moment a

13、go.A.Did; do; finished B.Have; done; finishedC.Have; done; have finished D.will; do; finish( 11、 His father _ the club since 1988.A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in( 12、 Do you know her well? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago.A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made( 13、 H

14、ow long have you _ here? About seven years.A. been B. gone C. come D. arrived( 14、 Hurry up! The program _ for five minutes .A. has begun B. had begun C. has been on D. began( 15、 It _ ten years since he came Chengdu.A. is B. has C. will D. was( 16、 Miss Green isn't in the office. She _ to the l

15、ibrary.A. has gone B. went C. will go D. has been( 17、 My parents _ Shandong for ten years .A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been( 18、 He _ for 2 hours.A. got up B. has got up C. has been up( 19、 Tom is ill in hospital. He _ a cold for several days.A. is B. catches C. has caug

16、ht D. has had( 20、 His grandparents _ for more than 9 years.A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the universityKeys:1、现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响,或过去发生的动作还未结束,一直持续到现 在或将来, 重点在于对现在的影响。 这种考查难度较大, 往往无时间状语, 需要从上下文分析、 推理才行。 故上两侧根据上下文分析、推理,正确答案是 B 。2、现在完成时常与 already (已经 , ju

17、st (刚刚,正好 , ever (曾经 , never (从来,也不;从不 , before (以前 , yet (仍然等连用。故 2应选 B 。3、 C4、现在完成时常与 recently (近来 , so far (到目前为止 , in the past/“last + 一段时间 ” 等时间状语 连用。因为上述短语表示的是从现在起往前推算的一段时间,句中的动作是从过去某一时间或时刻开始持 续到现在的。故 4应选 D 。5、 C6、现在完成时时常与 “for +时间段或 since +过去时间点 ” 连用(含从句,从句过去时 。故 6应选 C 。7、 C8、现在完成时还与 once (一次

18、 , twice (两次 , three times (三次 , several times (几次等表示重 复次数的词语连用。故 8应选 B 。9、现在完成时与一般过去时容易混淆,就是因为它们所表示的动作都发生在过去,但二者又有区别:一 般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作,说话的侧重点在于陈述一件过去的 事情,与现在没有关系;现在完成时表示与现在有关系的发生在过去的动作,它不与表示过去的时间状语 (如 yesterday , last week , a moment ago 等连用。故 9的正确答案为 B 。10、 B11、现在完成时中,非延续性动词不能与 for 和