英语直接引语变间接引语

1、直接引语变间接引语常用的有三种情况1、陈述句变成间接引语,(1“I am a teacher" she said.She said that she was a teacher.“You don't tell her my telephone number" he said.He said (that I didn't tell her his telephone number.要注意时态的变化一般现在时变成一般过去时。一般过去时变成过去完成时,现在完成时变成过去完成时,一般将来时变成过去将来时,this 变成that these变成those, here

2、变成there , today变成that day, yesterday 变成the day before, tomorrow 变成next day, the day after tomorrow变成in two days' time. now 变成then等等。2、将一般疑问句变成间接引语在这样的句子中要加“if" “是否”的意思。(1"Are you a student?"She asked me if I was a student.她问我是否是一位学生。将原来的疑问句放在if 后面,但语顺变成肯定式的语顺。另外还可以用whether 来表示。She

3、 asked me whether I was a student.(2 "Did you finish your work yesterday?"He asked me if I have finished my work the day before.3.将特殊疑问句变成间接引语"What time is it?"He asked me what time it was."When will you go to town?"He asked me when would I go to town.在这样的句子里除疑问词放在间接引语的

4、前面外,后面也是陈述句的语序。注意,间接引语中的that 可以省略。一、如何变人称:下面有一句顺口溜“一随主。二随宾,第三人称不更新”。“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时,如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如:She said. "My brother wants to go with me. "She said her brother wanted to go with her.“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时,若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句

5、没有宾语。也可以用第一人称,如:He said to Kate. "How is your sister now?"He asked Kate how her sister was then。“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如:Mr Smith said。 "Jack is a good worker。"Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker。二、如何变时态:直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。现在时它需改为过去时态;过去

6、时态改为完成时;过去完成时则保留原来的时态。如:1She said. "I have lost a pen."She said she had lost a pen2She said. "We hope so."She said they hoped so.3 She said. "He will go to see his friend。"She said he would go to see his friend。但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时,时态一般不变化。直接引语是客观真理。"The earth

7、 moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth, the teacher told me. The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。直接引语是过去进行时,时态不变。如:Jack said. "John, where were you going when I met you in the street?"Jack asked John where he was going w

8、hen he met him in the street。直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语,变为间接引语时,时态不变。如: Xiao Wang said. "I was born on April 2l, 1980。"Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980。直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作,变间接引语,时态不变。如:He said, "I get up at six every morning。"He said he gets up at six every morni

9、ng。如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式(例:ought to, had better, used to和已经是过去时的形式时,(例:could, should, would, might不再变。如:Peter said. "You had better come have today。"Peter said I had better go there that day。三、如何变状语:直接引语变间接引语,状语变化有其内在规津,时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”(例: now变为then, yesterday。变为 the day before地点状语,尤其表示方向性的,

10、或用指示代词修饰的状语,由“此”改为“彼”(例:this 改为that,如:He said, "These books are mine." He said those books were his.四、如何变句型:直接引语如果是陈述句,间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。如:She said, "Our bus will arrive in five minutes."She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.直接引语如果是反意疑问句,选择疑问句或一般疑问句,间接引语应改为由wheth

11、er 或if引导的宾语从句.如:He said, "Can you swim, John?"He asked John if he could swim."You have finished the homework, havent you?" my mother asked.My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework."Do you go to school by bus or by bike?"He asked me if I went to school by b

12、us or by bike.直接引语如果是特殊问句,间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句(宾语从句必须用陈述句语序。She asked me, "When do they have their dinner?" She asked me when they had their dinner.直接引语如果是祈使句,间接引语应改为"tell(ask, order, beg等 sb (not to do sth."句型。如:"Dont make any noise," she said to the children. She

13、 told (ordered the children not to make any noise. "Bring me a cup of tea, please," said she.She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.直接引语如果是以“Lets”开头的祈使句,变为间接引语时,通常用“suggest +动句词(或从句。”如:He said, "Lets go to the film." He suggested going to the film.或He suggested that they should

14、go to see the film.引述别人的话有两种方式:一是使用引号引出人家的原话,这叫做直接引语;一是用自己的话把人家的话转述出来,这叫做间接引语。例如:John said, "Im going to London with my father."约翰说:"我要和父亲到伦敦去。"(引号内是直接引语John said that he was going to London with his father.约翰说,他要和他父亲去伦敦。(宾语从句是间接引语由直接引语变为间接引语,分以下情况:1.直接引语是陈述句时间接引语为that引导的宾语从句(口语中

15、that可以省略,主句的引述动词主要有say ,tell, repeat, explain, think等。He said , "You are younger than I."-He said (that I was younger than him.2.直接引语是疑问句时间接引语为陈述语序:主句的谓语动词say 改为ask,或改为wonder, do not know, want to know, be not sure, be puzzled等。(1一般疑问句或反意疑问句变为if (whether引导的宾语从句。She said, "Do you often

16、 come here to read newspapers?"She asked me if (或whetherI often went there to read newspapers.She asked me , "You have seen the film, havent you?"She asked me whether(或if I had seen the film.(2选择疑问句变为whether.or 宾语从句。I asked him, "Will you stay at home or go to a film tonight?&quo

17、t;I asked him whether he would stay at home or go to a film that night. (3特殊疑问句变为由原来的疑问词引导的宾语从句。He asked , "Where do you live?"He asked me where I lived.3.直接引语是祈使句时间接引语为不定式,作ask , tell, beg, order, warn, advise等动词的宾语补足语(dont 变为not .The teacher said to the boy, "Open the window."T

18、he teacher told the boy to open the window.His father said to him , "Dont leave the door open."His father told him not to leave the door open.注意(1有些表示建议、提议、劝告或要求的祈使句,可以用suggest ,insist等动词加以转述。例如:He said, "Lets go to the theatre."He suggested (our going to the theatre.或He suggeste

19、d that we(should go to the theatre.(2 "Would you mind opening the window?" he asked.He asked me to open the window."Why dont you take a walk after supper?" he asked .he advised me to take a walk after supper."Shall we listen to the music?" he asked.He suggested listenin

20、g to the music.4.直接引语是感叹句时间接引语为what 或how 引导,也可以用that 引导。She said, "What a lovely day it is !"She said what a lovely day it was .或She said that it was a lovely day. 5.如果主句谓语动词为各种现在时或一般将来时,则间接引语中的动词仍保持直接引语原来时态。如果主句谓语动词为过去时,间接引语中的动词时态按下列变化:(1一般现在时变为一般过去时(2现在进行时变为过去进行时(3一般将来时变为过去将来时(4现在完成时变为过去

21、完成时(5一般过去时变为过去完成时(6过去完成时不变,仍为过去完成时注意(1如果直接引语是表示客观真理时,变为间接引语,一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如:The teacher said "The earth goes round the sun."The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.(2如果直接引语中有明确表示过时间的状语,变为间接引语时,一般过去时不改为过去完成时。如:He said to me, "I was born in 1973."He told me that he was b

22、orn in 1973.(3如果直接引语所述事实在当时和目前同样生效,变为间接宾语时,一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如:He said, "Im a boy, not a girl."He said that he is a boy ,not a girl.(4如果直接引语中的谓语动词表示一种反复出现或习惯动作,在变为间接引时,一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如:The girl said, "I get up at six every morning."The girl said that she gets up at six every morning.(

23、5如果直接引语中含有since, when, while 引导的表示过去时间的状语从句,在变为间接引语时,只改变主句中的谓语动词,从句的一般过去时则不变。如:He said to me, "I have taught English since he came here ."He told me that he had taught English since he came here.(6如果直接引语中含有情态动词 must, need, had better以及情态动词的过去式could, might, should, would,在变为间接引语时,这些情态动词没有时态

24、的改变。例如:The teacher said to me . "You must pay more attention to your pronunciation." The teacher told me that I must (have to pay more attention to my pronunciation.He said , "I could swim when I was only six ."He said that he could swim when he was only six.6.代词等一般地应作用相应的变化。指示代词

25、 this -thatthese- those表示时间的词 now - thentoday- that daythis week(month ,etc -that week (month ,etcyesterday -the day beforelast week(month - the week(month beforethree days(a yearago-three days(a yearbeforetomorrow -the next (following daynext week(month-the next(followingweek(month表地点的词 here -there

26、动词 bring - takecome go 直接引语变间接引语练习题 1He said: “Ive left my book in my room.” 2She said: “He will be busy.” 3She said to Tom, “Can you help me?” 4She asked, “Is this book yours or his?” 5The teacher asked, “how did you repair it?” 6The teacher said to the students, “Dont waste your time.” 7The mother

27、 said, “Tom, get up early, please.” 8The teacher said, “The earth goes round the sun.” 9My father said, “Practice makes perfect.” 10The boy said to us, “ I usually get up at six every day.” 11He said, “We are still students. 12He said to me, “I was born in 1978.” 13The engineer said, “I was at colle

28、ge in 1967.” 14He said, “I have studied English since I was a boy.” 15She said, “I read the book while I was waiting for a bus. 16Mr. Green said to them, “Joe told me all about his story when he asked for a job.” 17He said, “We insisted that she start immediately. 18She said, “He demanded that the g

29、irl leave at once.” 19I said to him, “I have finished it.” 20She said to us,“ Ill come here tomorrow.” 21“Where does your chemistry teacher live, Karen?” the young man asked. 22“I have gained the first place in the mathematics competition,” the little boy said happily. 23“Light travels faster than s

30、ound,” the physics teacher said to the boys and girls. 24“Will you go to the concert with me this evening?” Mary asked me. 25“What did you do here yesterday?” the old man asked my brother. 直接引语变间接引语专练题（二） .单项选择 1. He asked _ for the computer. A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did

31、I pay D. how much I paid 2. “Have you seen the film?” he asked me. He asked me _. A. had I seen the film B. have I seen the film C. if I have seen the film D. whether I had seen the film 3. “Please close the window,” he said to me. 6 He _ me _ the window. A. said to; to close B. told to; closing C.

32、asked ; to close D. said to; please close 4. “I am a teacher,” Jack said. He said _. A. that I am a teacher B. I was a teacher C. that he is a teacher D. he was a teacher 5. He said, “Mother, the boy is very naughty.” He _- very naughty. A. said his mother that the boy was B. said to his mother that

33、 the boy is C. told his mother that the boy was D. spoke to his mother that the boy was 6. “Youve already got well, havent you?” she asked. She asked _. A. if I have already got well, hadnt you B. whether I had already got well C. have I already got well D. had I already got well. 7. He asked , “ Ar

34、e you a Party member or a League member?” He asked me _. A. am I a Party member or a League member B. was I a Party member or a League member C. if I was a Party member or a League member D. whether was I a Party member or a League member. 8. He asked, “How are you getting along?” He asked _. A. how

35、 am I getting along B. how are you getting along C. how I was getting along D. how was I getting along 9. He asked me _ with me. A. what the matter is B. what the mater was C. whats the matter D. what was the matter 10. He said, “Dont do that again.” He _ me _ that again. A. said to me; not to do B.

36、 said to me; dont do C. told me; dont do D. told me; not to do 附答案： 1 He told me that he had left his book in his room. 2 She said that he would be busy. 3 She asked Tom if /whether he could help her. 4 She asked me whether that book was mine or his. 5 The teacher asked me how I had repaired it. 7 6

37、 The teacher told the students not to waste their time. 7 The mother asked Tom to get up early. 8 The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun. 9 My father said practice makes perfect. 10 The boy told us he usually gets up at six every day. 11 He said they are still students. 12 He told me that he was born in 1978. 13 The engineer said he was at college in 1967. 14 He said he had studied English since he was a boy. 15 She said she had r