状语从句用法讲解和练习

1、第章状语从句学习指导状语从句在句子中作状语，用来修饰主句或主句的谓语。一般可分为九大类，分别表示时间、 地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式。尽管种类较多，但由于状语从句与汉语结构和用法相似，所以理解和掌握它并不难。状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句 的常用连接词。现分别列举如下：状语从句分九类：从句种类主要从属连词1时间状语从句whe n, while, as, before, after, un til, till, whe never2条件状语从句if, uni ess3目的状语从句in order that, so that4结果状语从句so that, such tha

2、t, so that, so5原因状语从句because, as, since6让步状语从句although, though, eve n though（if）, while7方式状语从句as if, as though8地点状语从句where, wherever9比较状语从句than, as在这一章节的学习中，要求同学们掌握各类状语从句基本概念，并能够灵活应用。第一节时间状语从句1. 时间状语从句用一般现在时表示将来。连接时间状语从句的连接词有:就）when（当 的时候），while （当 的时候），as（当 的时候），once（旦）， till（ until）（一直到，直到才），by th

3、e time（到时），as soon as （the moment（ 就）.since（自从 ）.before（在 前）.after（在 后）2. when，while，as均可表示 当的时候”。when强调 特定时间”，表示主句谓语动词的动作与从句谓语动词的动作是同时发生的，或从句的动作发生在主句的动作之前；while表示的时间是一段，而不是一点，as多用在口语中，强调 同一时间"或一前一后”，有时还有 随着"的含义。I'll go on with the work when / come back tomorrow .我明天回来后会继续做我的工作。When sp

4、ring came, he felt like a trip.春天来了，他想去旅游。As spring warms the good earth，all flowers begin to bloom . （as 有 随着”的含义）as, when, while都表示主、从句的动作或状态同时发生，但三者也有区别。as和when引经常可以互换使用； while引导的从句通常表示一段时间，从句中宜 当从句中的谓语动词为持续性动词时，这三者可以通用（前面例句中导的从句既可表示一点时间，也可表示一段时间，从句中的谓语动词既可以是持续性动词， 也可以为短暂性动词， 用持续性动词作谓语。已有体现），再如：b

5、ecause little Alice was ill,especiallyas / when / while father妈妈担心，因为小艾丽思病了，特别是当父亲远在法国的时候。as，可译为"一Mother was worried was away in France.如果从句和主句要表示一个人的两个动作交替进行或同时完成时，则多用边.，一边.”。例如：He looked beh ind from to time as he went.As time goe s on, it ' s getting warmer and warmer. 暖了。I thought of it

6、 just as you opened your mouth.示两个短促动作几乎同时发生时，用as的场合多于当主从句之间表示转折或对比关系时，多用while,他一边走，一边不时地往后看。随着时间的推移，天气变得越来越你一张嘴我就知道你要说什么。（若表when.)不用 as 或 wherio 如:She thought I was talk ing about her daughter, while in fact, I was talk ing about my daughter.她以为我在谈论她女儿，而事实上，我在谈论我的女儿。 如果表示从句的动作在主句的动作“之前”或“之后”发生时，多用

7、用as或 while。此外，when还含有“ at that moment ”的意思( 子不能放在句首，也不能用as, while来替换。例如：He was about to leave whe n the tele phone rang.他正要离开，We were watch ing TV whe n sudde niy the lights went out.They had just arrived home whe n it bega n to rain.when (=after ),不 =and then )，引起的句忽然电话铃响了。我们正在看电视，突然灯灭了。 他们刚到家，天就开始

8、下雨了。3. till /until，表示 一直到”，主从句都用肯定式； 句肯定。He worked un til it was dark. 他一直工作到天黑。He did not get up till his mother came in. 一直到母亲进来他才起床。表示 直到才”主句否定，从4. once 一旦” by the time 至 y “ 时”。Once you see her, you will find what I said is true.一旦你见到她就会发现我说的是对的。by the time+现在时，主句用将来完成时。By the time he arrives, w

9、e will already have left here.等他到达时，我们将已离开这儿了。by the time+ 一般过去时，主句用过去完成时。By the time he arrived, we had already left here.他到达的时候我们早已离开这儿了。5. as soon as, the moment表示从句动作一发生，主句动作随即发生，通常译为As soon as I finish the work, I'll go to see you. 我一完成工作就会来看你。She came to the sce ne the mome nt she heard th

10、e n ews 她一听至叶肖息就来至 U现场。就”6. since “从” before 在'前” after 在“ 后” It was not long before 意为 不久”since引导从句用非延续性动词或过去时间点”或过去时间段+ago ”，主句用完成时态。Since he graduated, he has worked in this city. 他毕业后一直在这个城市工作。I have n't see n him since last year/ three years ago. 去年以来 /3 年来，我没见过他。选出最佳答案1) he was listeni

11、ng to the music, John fell asleep.A. AfterB. BeforeC. WhileD. As soo n as-2) How did you try to get to school on timeyou missed the school bus.A. whe nB. howC. whyD. that3) He was riding to schoolhe was hit by a car this morning.A whileB. whe nC. as4) Lucy knew nothing about it her sister told her.A

12、. becauseB. un tilC. ifD. soD. since5) The policeman asked the childcross the streetthe trafficD. not to; sincehe realizedlights turned gree n.A. not; whe nB. don't; beforeC. not to; un til6) The book was so in terest ing that he had read it for three hours it.A. whe nD. before7)8)B. afterC. un

13、tilwe had see n all the ani mals, we went home.A. ThenB. AfterC. ThoughD. WhileShe has made many friendshe came to our school.A. beforeB. afterC. sinceD. un tilHow long has the weather bee n like this?A. Un til last ni ghtB. Ever since last ni ghtC. Two days agoD. Two days laterMy uncle went to Aust

14、ralia last year. We have n't see n himA. since almost a yearB. from almost a year onC. after almost a yearD. since almost a year agoHe was so tired that he fell asleephe went to bed.A. as ifB. even though12) I knew nothing about the accident A. becauseB. since9)10)11)C. ever sinceD. as soon as m

15、y friend told me yesterday.C. untilD. after13) I did n't man age to do ityou had explained how.D. after12) C 13) AA. un tilB. sinceC. whileKeys 】1) C 2) A 3) B 4) B 5) A 6) D 7)B8) C 9) B 10) D 11) D第二节条件状语从句1.条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来。引导条件状语从句的连词有:if如D果；unless除非，如果不；on condition that 条件是； as long as只要2.

16、 表示正面的条件用if “果”If you don't look after young trees, they will die very quickly.If the museum charges for en try, a lot of people won't be able to visit it.3.表示否定的条件用unless( =if. . not)除非，如果不 ”I shall not go to the cin ema unl ess I finish my homework before eight. 说明：ifnot常可以用unless替代。If you

17、 don t study hard, you will fail in the exam.You will fail in the exam unl ess you study hard.4.表示使某事成为现实必要的条件用on condition that条件是"，as long as只要"。You may go swimmi ng on con diti on that you don't swim too far away from the river bank. As long as you don't study hard, you will fai

18、l in the exam.5.祈使结构表条件。前半部分的祈使结构相当于if条件句，可用动词或名词开头；后半部分的简单句常用般将来时，有时也用一般现在时。此句型与条件状语从句形成同义结构。=>1）祈使句（，）+and/then+简单句if 从句（否定式）+主句IGive me somewhere to sta nd, and I will move the earth.（如果）给我一个支点，我便能掀动地球。=If you give me somewhere to sta nd, I will move the earth.One more word, and I'll turn

19、you out. 你再多说一句，我就把你赶出去。=If you sp eak one more word, I will turn you out.Use your head, then you'll find a way.动动脑子你就能找到办法。=If you use your head, you'll find a way.=>Work even harder, or you will never p ass the exam.如果不加倍努力，你就永远无法通过考试。=If you don't work harder, you will n ever p ass

20、 the exam.St op telling lies, or you will be puni shed.如果你继续说谎，就会受到惩罚。=If you don't stop telli ng lies, you will be puni shed.2）祈使句（,）+or+简单句if从句（否定式）+主语选择最佳答案填空1) Would you like to go to the park with me, Susa n?rd like to, you don't want toalo ne.goA. un tilB. beforeC. ifD. after2)Tomorrow

21、 we'll go to the city parkit is sunny.A. as soon asB. whe nC. ifD. as3)All of us will be happyyou can come with us.A. whileB. ifC. butD. or4)Nobody can lear n En glish wellA. ifB. unl essyou work hard on it.C. whe nD. but5)The sports meet will continueA. ifKeys 】1) CB. since2) C 3) B 4) B 5) Dit

22、 rains this after noon.C. as soon asD. uni ess第二节原因状语从句和地点状语从句1. 原因状语从句弓I导原因状语从句的连词有:because, for, since, as, now thatwhy，语气最强。1） because意为 因为”表示直接的原因或理由，着重点在从句，用于回答He is absent today because he is ill.他今天缺席，因为他病了。I did n't go out because I was busy with homework.我没有出去，因为我忙于家庭作业。有时，可用because of后

23、接名词或代词表示原因，此时because of=for（介词）。We won't be able to come because of the weather. 由于天气的原因，我们来不了。 She was looki ng all the better for her stay in hos pital. 她因为待在医院，显得好多了。2） for意为 因为”引导的从句并不说明主句行为发生的直接原因，只提供补充说明，且不 可位于主句前。for前往往用逗号或分号与主句分开，引起的从句对主句加以解释。I did n't go to see him, for a heavy snow

24、 was falli ng.我没有去看他，因为在下大雪。The days were short, for it was now December. 白天短了，因为现在已经是十二月了。We must begi n planning now, for the future may bring unexp ected cha nges.我们必须现在就开始筹划，因为将来可能会发生意想不到的变化。有时，for引起的从句并不表示原因，而是表示一种推断或解释，而because则不能。因为有Some one in the house must be ill, for a doctor has just com

25、e out.房子里一定有人病了， 个医生刚刚出来。(如果3) since意为 既然” 由于” 一般表示对方已知的、无需加以说明的既成事实的理由 从句表示的原因不是确定的事实，就不能用since,通常用because)。Si nee you are goi ng, I will go too.既然你要走，我也走了。Si nee you are ill, I'll go alo ne.由于你病了，我就一个人走了。4) as意为 由于”表示十分明显的原因，一般说明因果关系，着重点在主句，语气较弱。As it is snowing, we shall not go to the p ark.

26、由于正在下雪，我们就不去公园了。He had to apo logize, as he knew he had made a mistake.他必须道歉，因为他知道他错了。 由as表示的原因语势最弱，常用于口语。5) now that意为 既然”有时可将that省去，含义与since接近。区别在于：since表示原先 已存在的情况，而now that表示现在才发生的情况。Now that it has stopped rainin g, let's start at o nee.既然现在雨停了，咱们马上开始吧！Now that you have come, you may as wel

27、l stay.既然来了，你最好还是待在这儿。2.地点状语从句where, wherever, any where, everywhere引导地点状语从句的连词有：Put it where you can see it.把它放在你看得见的地方。I'll find him, wherever he is. 不管他在哪里我都要找到他。You should put the book where it was.你应该把书放在原来的地方。Wherever you go, you should do your work well.不论你到哪里都要把工作做好。选择最佳答案1)I hope to go

28、to France some dayA. thoughB. uni esswherethere are many famous museums there.C. becauseD.2)3)4)Would you like to go to the con cert with me?I'd love to, I can't. A. and; BecauseB. but; Becauseand;soJim has bee n in the factory for two yearsA. whe nB. sincewhetherJack was very tiredA. ifbefo

29、reI have a lot of homework to do.C. so; Andhe left school.C. as soon ashe p layed tennis all after noon.B. as soon asC. becauseYou'd better come back earlierA. asB. andit is gett ing colder.C. butor6) Jane wore a rain coatA. soit was raining.B. butC. howeverD.D.D.D.D.5because7) The Italian boy w

30、as regarded as a hero A. accord ing to becauseB. because ofhe gave his life for his coun try.C. on acco unt ofD.【Keys】1) C 2) B 3) B4) C5) A 6) D 7) D第四节让步状语从句1引导让步状语从句的连词有:although, while, even though, even if, whether. (or not),用 no matter 十 wh-/how 弓丨导2. although/though 虽然”Although I didn 'kn

31、ow anybody at the party, I had a very good time.虽然晚会上的客人我一个也不认识，但我玩得很愉快。注意“ although是个典型的错误，因为but是并列连词，不能与从属连词although连用。但是，although可与yet, still连用，因为yet, still是副词，它可使前后关系更明确。3. while意为然而”1）while用于对照，说明两种情况相反，意为然而，但是”Tom is very outgoing, while Jane is shy and quiet.汤姆性格外向，而简却腼腆安静。While I was readi n

32、g, he was p lay ing. 我在读书，而他在玩。2）while意为虽然，尽管”同although，此时从句和主句的主语往往为同一人或物。While she liked cats。 she never let them come into her room .虽然她喜欢猫，但她从不让猫 进她的房间。4. even if即使"（if后陈述的是假设）；even though尽管"（though后陈述的是事实）。rm goi ng to app ly for the job, eve n if it p ays very little.即使报酬不高， 我也要去申请那份

33、工作。He is an honest man, I say, even though I have opposed him. 我说他是个诚实的人，尽管我反对过他。5. whether (or not)无论是 或是”Whether it rains or n ot, I shall go out for an outi ng.无论是否下雨，我都要外出游玩。Whether we win or lose, we are going to do our best. 无论胜败，我们都会尽最大努力。 注意whether作 无论"解，用现在时表将来；whether作 是否”解时则不能。They&#

34、39;ll go out whether it rains or not tomorrow.无论明天是否下雨，他们都要出去。Can you tell me whether it will rain or n ot tomorrow?你能告诉我明天是否下雨吗？6.用no matter+ wh- /how的词引导，意为 无论”no matter who 无论谁， no matter which 无论哪一， no matter what 无论什么, no matter when 无论何时， no matter where 无论哪里， no matter how 无论怎样No matter who y

35、ou are, you must obey the law. 无论你是谁，你都应当遵纪守法。It has the same result no matter which way you do it. 无论用什么方法来做，结果都一样。No matter how cold it is, she often goes swimming. 无论有多冷，她总是常去游泳。选择最佳答案填空1) he's old, he can still carry this heavy bag.A. ThoughB. SinceC. For2) How do you like the concert give n

36、 by the "Foxy Ladies"? Excit ing, one p iece of the music was n't p layed quite well.A. soB. thoughC. because3) Shall we go on work ing? Yes, I p refer to have a rest.A. whe nB. ifD. SoD. andC. becauseD. thoughit was raining heavily.C. since4) Doctor Li went to see the patient _A. beca

37、useB. and5) This dress was last year's style. I think it still looks p erfectit has gone out this year.A. so thatB. even thoughC. as if6) No matterbusy he is, he won't give up his hobby.D. thoughD. ever sinceA. whereB. howC. whatD. who7)I n ever seem to lose any weight,hard I try.A. even tho

38、ughB. no matter howC. as ifD. ever since8)No matteryou come, you are welcome.A. howB. whereC. whe nD. what9)Though it's raining,are still work ing in the fields.A. theyB. but theyC. and theyD. so they10)Nobody believed himwhat he said.A. even thoughB. i n sp iteC. no matterD. con trary to11)what

39、 may happe n, 1 won't cha nge my mind.A. Even ifB. AlthoughC. Perha psD. No matter【Keys .1) A2) B 3) D 4) D5) B 6) B7)B8) C9) A 10) C11) D2第五节目的状语从句结果状语从句和比较状语从句【经典剖析】in order that 目的是为了， so that，以便1.引导目的状语从句的连词有：以in order that, so that引导的目的状语从句谓语通常用may, might加动词构成，也可用can/ could 或 will /would 加动

40、词构成。He works hard in order that he can serve his cou ntry well. 他努力工作，目的是为了能更好地 为国家服务。They started early so that they might arrive in time.他们很早出发，以便按时到达。注意“for动名词”不用于表目的，但“for名词”可用于表目的。Write it in simple English to make（ 不能用 for making） everybody understand.为了能让每个人都理解，请用简单的英语写。Better get up early fo

41、r the early trai n. 为了能赶上早班火车，请早一点起床。so that以致，sothat女D此以致，suchthat如此匕2. 引导结果状语从句的词：He made a wrong decisi on, so that half of his property was lost. 他做了个错误的决定，以至于他丢失了一半的财产。The box is so heavy that nobody can move it.这个箱子是如此重，（以至于）无人能移动它。 It is such a heavy box that nobody can move it. 这个箱子如此重，（以至于）

42、无人能移动它。注意so that既可引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句，其区别在于：弓I导结果状 语从句时通常用逗号同主句分开。3. 引导比较状语从句的词有：than 比，asas 像样 ”,not so as不像样 ”,the more themore 越越”I know you better than he does.我比他更了解你。We walked as fast as we could.我们尽可能地快步行走。The work is not so easy as you thought.这工作没有你想的那么简单。Nothing is so precious as health没有什

43、么能像健康一样珍贵。The harder you study, the greater p rogress you will make. 你越努力学习，进步就越大。针对性练习1选择最佳答案填空:1）r II leave him a noteA. so that he'll know where we are.B. so asC. in orderD.2)3)forThe questi on wasA. very; themitMike isA. a good sosuch good aThey wereB. very; itdifficult that no body could an

44、 swerC. so; themboy that we all like him.B. so good aC. a such goodD. so;D.4) restaura nt with us.A. so; thatenough;asIt wasA. so difficult workC. such a difficult work He started earlyA. in order that order tobusy study ingB. such; astheycould n'tgo to theC. very; thatD.5)6)that he had to ask f

45、or help.B. so difficult a workD. such a difficult job he could get there before nine.B. becauseC. so as toD. in7)Robert is good at Ian guages,A. becauseB. forsincewe all know.C. asD.It looksA. that that【Keys】1. 1) in order that 2) so that2. 1)A2) D 3) B 4) A8)it's going to rain.B. asC. as if3) s

46、o. that 4) so. that 5) such. that5) D 6) A 7) C 8) CD.I.选择填空:状语从句专练1. The man can ' t get on the bus because thereA. was B. isC. areD. wereno room on it.2. I was liste ning to the musicA. whileB. whe nC. becausethere was a knock at the door.D. un til3. You may leave the classroom whe n youwrit i

47、ng.A. will finish B. are finishing C. have fini shed4. I don ' t know if hetomoriitwe,ID. had fini shed'll meet him.5.A. will come, comesB. comes, comesC. will come, will comeD. come, will comeI read, the more I un dersta nd.A. The more B. So muchC. How muchD. For allto see him this week.6.

48、Would you give Joh nny this letter if youA. will happen B. happen C. are happened D. happened7. She was busy,she couldn' t go to your birthday party last night.A. andB. soC. orD. but8. En glish isthe world.a useful la nguageit is sp oke n in many coun tries ofA. so thatB. such thatC. sobecauseD.

49、 suchbecause9. You will not succeeded if you harder.A. will workB. won ' t workC. workD. don ' t work10. Write clearlyyour teacher can un dersta nd you correctly.A. sinceB. forC. because D. so that11.he failed , he went on doing the exp erime nt.A. Eve nB. YetC. Although D. in spite of12. Th

50、e light went out while weA. had B. had had13. His brother has worked theresupper.C. were hav ing he left school.D. would haveA. whenB. afterC. sinceD. un til14. The boy did n'tst op talk ingA. whenB. untilthe sec ond bell rang.C. afterD. becauseI came into the office, the teacher were hav ing a meeti ng.A. While B. WhenC. Once D. Sin