中考英语知识梳理宾语从句

1、中考英语知识梳理宾语从句 在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句是初中英语中最重要的一种从句，它内容完整，句型结构较为复杂，主句和从句时态搭配要求严格，在中考试题中频频出现。而且学好宾语从句也可为到高中学习间接引语、主语从句、表语从句及同位语从句打下良好的基础。学习宾语从句并不难，只要你能过好下面的三道关： 第一关，选好连接词（也有人叫关联词）。 引导宾语从句的连接词，课本上写有三类，但从学习的角度看分为四类更为实用。 1连词that： 只起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，也无词汇意义，在口语中或非正式文体中常被省略。例如： 1）He knew（that）he should work

2、hard 2）I am glad（that）you've passed the exam 2连词whether或if： 它们起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，作“是否”解，口语中多用if。例如： 3）Do you know whether he will ride here at 8 tomorrow morning？（注：2002上海市徐汇区中考试题填上答案后的句子。以下再有这种例句，都为2002年中考题，只写某地。） 4）Tom didn't know ifwhether his grandpa liked the present 作“是否”解的if和whether在具体用

3、法上差别较大，同学们不易掌握。在宾语从句中用whether没有用if时受到那么多限制。例如： 5）He asked me whether or not I was coming他问我是否要来。（该句中的whether不能换成if，因为if不能与or连用。） 3连接代词who，whom ，whose，what， which： 它们起连接作用，作句子成分，各有其自己的意义。例如： 6）The teacher asked the new student which class he was in？（武汉市）（which引导宾语从句，在从句中作定语，修饰class，意为“哪个”。） 7）Can you

4、 tell me whom he is waiting for？（天津市） 4连接副词when，where， why，how： 起连接作用，分别作时间、地点、原因、方式状语，各有其自己的意义。例如： 8）I wonder where he got so much money对他从哪里弄到那么多钱我感到疑惑。（where在从句中作地点状语，修饰got，意为“哪里；什么地方”。） 9）He didn't tell me how old his friend was（四川省）（how引导宾语从句，作程度状语，修饰old，意为“怎样；如何”等意。） 第二关，牢记宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序， 即

5、“连接词主语谓语其他”。这里特别强调的是，它的主语和谓语的语序是陈述句的语序，不是疑问句的倒装语序。例如： 10）You must remember what your teacher said（河南省） 11）Dad，do you know when the football game will start？ In half an hour（宁波市） 12）汉译英：你能不能告诉我，我们去看望谁？ 误：Can you tell me who（m）do we have to see？ 正：Can you tell me who（m）we have to see？ 错句的错误出在宾语从句中误用了疑

6、问句的结构主语前加了个助动词do。因为我们已经习惯了特殊疑问句，如W hat time does the plane arrive in Paris？就顺口说出“Do you know what time does the plane arrive in Paris？”这种错误句子来。但是一旦我们注意了，我们不久就习惯于说“Do you know what time the plane arrives in Paris？”了。 第三关，注意时态的呼应。 宾语从句中谓语动词的时态，常常受主句谓语时态的制约，这种现象称为“时态的呼应”。例如： 13）汉译英：我原以为你今天有空的。 误：I thou

7、ght（that）you are free today 正：I thought（that）you would be free today 错句中宾语从句用are很可能是因为有 today，但因为主句谓语是thought，所以从句谓语就该用过去将来时would be了。 这种时态的呼应，如果主句谓语是现在时或将来时，宾语从句的谓语时态不受限制，如上述例句2），3），7），8），10），11），12）。如果主句时态是过去时，宾语从句一般要随着改为相应的过去时（即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时等）。例如： 14）He thought he was working for the pe

8、ople 15）I heard she had been to the Great W all 16）John hoped that he would find a job soon 但宾语从句如果表示定理法则、永恒真理等，则不变化： 17）The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun 核心知识 巩固与检测请做下列中考题： 1In the bookshop，a reader asked the shop keeper _ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book（北京市东城区） At

9、hat Bhow CWhat Dif 2I don't know _ MrGreen will come to see us He will help us with our English（杭州市） Awhy BWhen Chow Dwhere 3We never know _ the old m an is They say he is a teacher（鄂州市） Awhat BWho CWhich Dwhere 4I was told _ Bill Gates was thirteen he began to play with computers（重庆市） Athat how

10、 Bhow that Cwhen that Dthat when 5Do you know _ ？I'm going to see him Sorry，I don't know（北京市海淀区） Awhere does MrLi live Bwhere did MrLi live Cwhere MrLi lives Dwhere MrLi lived 6W here do you think _ he _ the computer？ Sorry，I have no idea（南京市） A；bought Bhas；bought Cdid；buy Ddoes；buy 7I don&#

11、39;t feel very wellMum asked me _ this morning（重庆市） Awhat the matter is Bwhat is wrong Cwhat the matter was Dwhat wrong was 8Where is Jack？ He is away to spend his holidayHe's gone either to Hangzhou or to Wuhan，but I'm not sure _ （南昌市） Athat Bwhich Cwhere Dthere 典型例题 Key: 宾语从句与中考试题 14 D A A

12、 D 58 C A C C习题（一）1 The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them. A. took B. take C. takes D. will take2 Catherine said that she _ to Guangzhou. A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been3 The students want to know whether they_ dictation today. A. had B. has

13、. C. will have D. are4 She asked Linda if_ go and get some. A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may5 Linda said the moon_ round the earth. A. travelled B. has travelled C. travells D. had travelled答案：1-5 A D C B C习题（二）1 Can you tell me_ you were born, Betty? A. who B. what C. when D. that2 I don't know _ they have passed the exam. A. what B. if C. when D. Where3 I hardly understand. _ he has told me. A. that B. what C. which D. who4 She didn't know_ back soon. A. whether he would be B. if would he be C. he will be5. I don't know _ he still lives here after