八年级英语上海教育出版社Unit1Encyclopaedias概要

1、必记单词encyclopaedia 百科全书dinosaur 恐龙human 人的Italian 意大利人perhaps 可能，大概inventor 发明家invention 发明musician 音乐家notebook 笔记本scientist 科学家include 包括，包含born 出生even甚至countryside乡村，农村however然而intelligence才智，智慧suddenly突然，忽然artistic有艺术天赋的 nobody没有人 ability才能，能力fossil 化石win 获胜，赢dollar 美元必记短语listen to 听learn about 了解

2、到talk about 谈论in the countryside 在乡村，在农村be born 出生human being 人for example 例如die out 灭绝，消失at the end of在的尽头， 在.末尾more than多于used to 过去常常know about 知道关于.的情况one day 有一天be famous for 因 而出名so much 如此多find out 了解到，弄清by the window 在窗户旁边next to 挨着 be interested in 对 感兴趣be sure 确信go for a walk 去散步in the mou

3、ntains 在山上do with 处理in the newspaper在报纸上all kinds of各种各样的a number of许多，大量since then自从那时be made up of由.组成，构成 connect.to 把.和.连接起来 词汇解析human 人的，the human body人体【知识拓展】human,人，也写作human being=Dogs can hear much better than human® 的听觉比人灵敏的多。练习 ： 1.We are all hbeings.2 .Wolves will not usually attack （

4、袭击）h.3 .These robots are just like h.learn about获悉，得知，了解到about是介词，后面接名词，代词做宾语，about也可用 of 代替。例： We're all sorry to learn about her illness.听到她生病的消息，我们都很难过listen to 意为“听”。 listen 意为“听”，指听的过程，强调动作，是不及物动词，不能直接跟宾语，若表示听某人或某事时，后面要加介词to， to 后接名词或代词。例： Listen to a radio programme about the“ Human Encycl

5、opedia” .听关于“百科全书”的广播节目。练习1.我很高兴帮你了解中国。I am glad to help you China.2.我经常听收音机学习英语。I often and learn English.Inventor 发明家He is a famous inventor他是一位有名的发明家。【知识拓展】( 1) invent 发明，创造，指发明，创造出来的是以前没有的东西。Gilbert discovered electricity， but Edison invented the light bulb.吉尔伯特发现了电，但爱迪生发明了灯泡。(2)invention 发明The

6、invention of the computer marked the beginning of a new era.计算机的发明标志着一个新时代的开始。musician 音乐家，可数名词。a piece of music 一首音乐listen to music 听音乐【知识拓展】music 音乐，乐曲musical 音乐的Scientist 科学家【知识拓展】-ist 是表示人的职业类词汇的后缀：scient 科学 scientist 科学家art 艺术 artist 艺术家piano 钢琴 pianist 钢琴家violin 小提琴 violinist 小提琴家born 出生be bor

7、n on +地点； be born in 出生于I was bornin1980.我生于 1980 年。ability 才能，能力，复数是 abilities , have the ability to do sth有能力做某事perhaps可能，大概【词语辨析】maybe ， perhaps， possible， probably这四个词都意为“可能”，但表示可能性大小不一样，其顺序如下：maybe,或许，大概，主要用于非正式场合，常用于口语中，语气比perhaps轻。perhaps也许，可能，副词，一般指小于一半可能性，较多的含有“不大可能”的意思。possibly,也许，或者，可能，可能

8、性较大，用于否定句中表示“无论如何”之意Probably,很可能，大概，在这组中可能性最大，表示一种几乎完全肯定的意思。include 包括，包含 The price of the room includes breakfast.!问的租金包括在早餐在内。【词语辨析】include , including , included（ 1） include 为及物动词，意为“包含，包括”指整体中包含明确说出的某些部分，有时不一定举出所包含的全部内容。The price includes both house and furniture钱包括房子和家具（ 2） including 介词，意为“包含，包

9、括”There are seven people, including four men.共有七人，包括四位男士。（ 3） included 为形容词，意为 “包括在内的”， 常用于名词之后。它和 including引起的短语含义相同，但是在句中的词序位置不同。Everybody had something to say, me included/ including me.nobody 没有人， nobody 相当于 not anybody.I saw nobody.=I didn't see anybod雁没有见至1J个人。新词强化训练根据汉语提示完成句子1.I was （出生）i

10、n a small village.1.1 'm planning to spend some time in the beautiful 乡村（）.I love nature.3 .He has the 能力）（ to be the manager .4 .（也许）I'll see him tomorrow,but I m not sure.1.1 think the most helpful（发明） is the light bulb.6. （甚至）a child can understand it.7. My house is small .It's very c

11、omfortable,（然而）.8. （突然）there was a loud noise .1.1 opened the the door ,but I could see无人） （.用所给词的适当形式填空10 .The Chinese（inventor） the compas确南针）.11 .She likes listening to （musician）.12 .My favorite subject is （scientist）13 .You'll find the plan （include） most of your suggestions.14 .Their daugh

12、ter is very （intelligence）more than 后接数词，意为“超过，多于 " ，相当于 overHe has been 川 for more than two weeks他病了 俩周多。look up 查找，后面接名词或代词做宾语必须放在look与up之间。Please look it up in the dictionary,if you don't know. 如果你不明白就请查字典。on earth 在地球上，在世界上，在人间，相当于in the world.Dinosaurs lived on earth more than 60 milli

13、on years before human beings.在人类之前，恐龙在地球上生活了6 千多万年。【知识拓展】on earth 意为“究竟”。一般用于疑问词后表示强调Where on earth have you been just noW! U才你究竟去哪了 ？as+形容词或副词原级+as表示双方在某个方面一样，前一个 as是副词，其后跟形容词或副词原级，后一个as 是连词，常引导一个省略的比较状语从句。 not as +形容词或副词原级+as 表示双方在某个方面不同。We think science is as important as math戟们认为自然科学和数学一样重要。used

14、 to 意为“过去常常，以前常常”，后面接动词原形，表示过去的习惯，只表示过去和现在的对比，暗指现在已经不存在的动作或状态。I used to be afraid of the dar蛾过去常常怕黑。something important 意为重要的事情，something 为不定代词，形容词修饰复合不定代词时放在不定代词后面I want to do something different. 我想做些不同的事。remember 及物动词，意为“记得， 记住”， remember to do something 意为“记得去做某事”， remember doing sth 意为“记得做过某事”。

15、Please remember to post the letter for me请记得为我由口这封信。I remember telling you about her. 我记得告诉过你关于她的事。famous 出名的，著名的，sb +be famous for 指某人以某种知识，技能或特征出名。 sb + be famous as指某人以某种身份出名，其后的介词宾语与主语是同 位成分。Einstein was famous for his Theory of Relativity.爱因斯坦以他的相对论而闻名 Einstein was famous as a great scientist：因

16、斯坦以位伟大的科学家而著称。 sp+ be famous for 指某地以某种地产而出名。sp +be famous as 指以什么样的产地或地方出名。This area is famous for its green tea.这个地区以绿茶而出名。This area is famous as a green tea producing place个地区是著名的绿茶产地。else 意为别的，其他的，通常修饰不定代词something 等，疑问代词what 等，疑问副词when 等， else 用在这些词之后。Who else did you see孙还看见别人了吗？for example 与

17、such as这俩个短语都是“例如”的意思，for example 用来举例说明某一论点或情况，一般只列举同类人或事物中的“一个”为例，做插入语，可放在句首，句中或句末。For example, I'll help you with your study.例如，我会在学习上帮助你。such as 用来举例，一般列举同类人或事物中的几个为例，插在被例举的事物与名词之间，as后面不可有逗号。I know many of them, such as Mike, Tom ,and Bill.【知识巩固】 根据汉语意思完成句子1 .我们学校有三千多名学生。There are three thou

18、sand students in our school.2 .关于中国文学你了解多少？How much do you the Chinese literature.3 .例如，约翰就有相同的观点。,John has the same opinion.4 .如果你不认识这个单词，可以在字典中查找它。If you don't know this world ,you can in thedictionary.5 .地球上有上百万种生物。There are millions of living things .6 .我们学校有许多花，一些是红的，另一些是黄的。There are many f

19、lowers in our school; are red; are yellow.7 .他和哥哥一样高。He is his brother.8 .我希望有一天能参观夏威夷。I hope to visit Hawaii .用适当的介词或副词填空9 .Please connect the printer the computer.10 .At the end this road, you can see a supermarket.11 . Because of the environment problems, many kinds of animals have died 12 .China

20、 is famous the Great Wall.13 .Yao Ming is famous a basketball player.win 赢，获胜后面接match, game 等名词做宾语He won a prize yesterday# 昨天得了一个奖。【词汇辨析】beat 也可表示“打败，战胜”的意思，但此后只能 接表示人的词做宾语，止匕外，beat还有“敲打”的意思，表示连续不断的动作。We weren't sure we could beat themft们没有把握能打败他们。His heart is still beating他的心脏还在跳动。【强化训练】What a

21、n exciting football match !Dalian Shide TeamShanghai Shenhua.A. wonB.lostC.failedD.beat find out 意为“查明，弄清楚情况”指找出比较难找的抽象事物。【知识拓展】find 强调经过寻找后的结果，表示“发现”I find a watch on the road. 我在路上发现了一块表。find out 意为“发现，弄清，查明”强调“经过调查，研究或仔细搜寻而得出某一事情的真相或结论”We shall find out the truth early。门ater我们迟早会查明真相。look for 意为“

22、寻找”着重找的过程。I look for my cat,but I didn't find it. 我到处找我的猫，但是没找到。【巩固训练】他下决心查明那个男孩发生了什么事情。He decided to what had happened to the boy.让我们去寻找答案。Let's go and the answers.expect 及物动词，意为“期望，指望，认为'”强调等待的“心境”（即期待某事会发生，某人会来）。I 'll wait for her at the station.我会到车站去等他。wait for 强调等待的“活动”（即不做别的事，

23、待在某处去等）He is expecting a letter. 他在等一封信。look forward to 强调期待者“怀有愉快的心情”，所以被期待的事物必然是愉快的事（如，假日，晚会等），而用expect 所期待发生的事，可以是好事，也可以是坏事。We are looking forward to our holidays.我们盼望彳贸日的来临。【知识巩固】1 .Don't sit the window. It's cold there.A. next door toB.nextC. nearD. far from2 .-Would you like to go out

24、for a walk with us?,but I must write a letter to my pen friend now.A. Of course notB. That's all rightC. I'd love toD. Yes ,I do3 .-Do you think our football team will win the match?Yes, we have better players.So I them to win.A. hopeB. askC. helpD. expectbe interested in 对 .产生兴趣，对感兴趣。后面接动名词

25、，名词，代词。1.1 was the drawing and bought it for 300 yuan.A. good at B. bad at C. interested in D. terrified of2 .我们确信能帮这个男孩找到家人。We we can help the boy find his family.3 .我们应该互相学习。We should each other.be动词+形容词比较级+than表示俩者之间的比较，意为“更.，较” Our school is bigger than theirs我们学校比他们学校大。do with 意为“处理”，常与 what 连用

26、，表示询问。What are you going to do with your old books?尔打算怎么处理你的旧书。【知识拓展】deal with 意为“解决，应付，处理”后面常接trouble， problem 等词， deal with 多与 how 连用，表示询问。How did you deal with your book?你怎样处理了 你的书？ 【知识巩固练习】1. 我们将怎样处理这个问题？What shall we this problem?2. 他的头发比萨姆短。He has hair Sam, a number of 意为“许多”后跟可数名词复数the number

27、 of 意为“ 的数目”做主语时，谓语动词用单数。Our city has a number of hotels with high standard of services.我市有许多高品质服务的宾馆。The number of the teachers in our school is 200.我们学校有200 位老师。【知识巩固】1 .地上有许多蚂蚁。There are ants on the ground.2 .在超市里有各种各样的事物。There are foods in the supermarket.since then 意为“从那时起”用于现在完成时。Since then he

28、 has lived in Beijing.make up 意为 “组成， 构成” 强调由几部分组成，多用于其被动形式：be made upof.【巩固练习】1 .五个男学生和两个女学生组成了这个组。Five boy students and two girl students the group.2 .从那时起，发生了很多变化。Many changes have taken place .语法点： some ， any ，复合不定代词。【典例精析】1 、 It's polite to take flowers as a gift when you go to visit a frie

29、nd.A. littleB. anyC some答案： C2 .They need some more workers and money to build the bridge. （改否定句）They don't need more workers money to build the bridge.答案： any ,or3.I can't connect my computer to the Internet. There must be wrong with it.A.something B.everything C. anything D.nothing答案： A4.M

30、rs Brown is nice.Every day she tried to cook for me during my stay inCanada.A.something different B.anything differentC. nothing different【针对练习】1 .Please keep quiet,everybody I have important to tell you.A. nothing B. somethingC.everything2 .There must be wrong with the clock , it doesn't work.A

31、.nothing B.something C.everything D. Anything3 .CCTV-10 often playsaround the world.It can help us learn more about not only naturebut also different cultures and customs.A.new something B.something new C.anything new1.1 think can make Andy change his mind.He is such a person who never gives upeasil

32、y.A.somethingB.anythingC. nothing D.everything5 .Mr Wang is an excellent teacher.in our class loves her.A,someone B, no one C, everyone D.anyone6 .When the Greens moved into the house last week,was at sixes and sevens,so they did abig cleaning.A.somethingB.everything C. anythingD.nothing7 .They were

33、 all very tired,but of them took a rest.A.none B.all C, both D.either8.I asked John for ink,but he didn't have.A.any ,someB.any,any C.some,any D. some,some9.I don't have money. Could you please lend me?A.any ,some B. some,any C. any,any D. some,some【改否定句】There was some milk in the bottle.The

34、re milk in the bottle.【中考链接】1 .Lincoln came from nothing,yet he did that changed the world.A. something B.nothing C.everything D. anything2 .-How is Helen in the new school?-She id doing very well.There is to worry about.A.somethingB.anythingC. nothing D.everything3 .There is in today's homework

35、.A.difficult nothingB.difficult anythingC. nothing difficultD. anything difficult4 .Which basketball do you like best?Kobe,James or Jordan ？-of them. Lin shuhao is my favorite.A.all B.none C.eitherD.neither5 .Let's for a walk, shall we?A. to go B.goingC.goD.gone6 .Why is Harvey's mother so h

36、appy?Because only three students ,his son Harvey.A, failed the exam,besidesB. made progress ,exceptC. made progress, includingD.passed the exam, without7 .The new product consist of four main parts inside .（ 改为一般疑问句）the new product of four main parts inside?8 .Jessica solved the physics problem with

37、out any help.( 同义句转换)Jessica the physics problem without any help.9.I was bin 1997,I'm 15 now.10.Henry's sister is two years younger than he , but she is as(tall) as he.单项填空1.1 t's nearly nine o'clock and father will walk in at any moment.A is possibly toB. maybe toC .probablyD. perh

38、aps to2 .The band played many songs,some of my favorite.A. includingB .includedC .includeD. to include3 .Now the air in our hometown is it used to be.Something must to be done to stop it.A very good B. much better C.rather bad D.even worse4 .The plan is all right.,it can be made better.A .then B.how

39、ever C.and D.or5 .-Who helped you repair the MP4?,I repaired it all by myself.A. somebody B.nobody C.anybody D.everybody6 .Gina was born 1999,She is old enough to go to school.A .toB.onC,atD.in7 .The ice in the lake is as as it was before.A. ThinB.thinnerC. thinnestD.the thinnest8 .He be aboy.A woul

40、d, quietB.used to ,quite C.was, quiet D, used to ,quiet9 .What are you going to give your mother for her birthday?I'm not sure, but I'll buy her.A .something specialB. anything specialC.special somethingD.special anything10 .China is very the Great Wall and pandas.A .famous asB.famous forC.

41、ready to D.ready for阅读理解Leonardo da Vinci was born on April 15, 1452 in Italy. He is best known as an artist today. One of his famous paintings is called Mona Lisa . However, Leonardo had many other natural abilities. He was also a great inventor （发明家）.Many of his inventions have become important in

42、 modern day life.Although Leonardo hated war, he invented many different machines used for war. His most special invention was the machine gun （枪）,which was produced and used in war many years later.By watching the way birds fly, Leonardo tried to find out the secret of flying. Among his sketches （素

43、描） we can see several objects. We consider them as modern flying machines.Leonardo spent many hours thinking about how to make good use of time. He developed ideas for labor-saving machines like cutting machines.Leonardo was a strange man. He didn t eat any meat, which was very unusual in those time

44、s. He never published （发表）his ideas and scientific discoveries. He usually used mirror writing, which looks like writing a mirror, starting from the right side of the page and moving to the left.We have very little of his work today. Leonardo finished only a few of his paintings. He left many unfini

45、shed because he thought they were not perfect. No one in his life time knew how great Leonardo was. We now believe, however, that he was one of the cleverest men the world has ever known.（）1. According to the passage, Leonardo is not only an artist but also A. an inventor B. an engineer C. a writer

46、D. a musician（）2.was Leonardo' s most special invention.A. The mirror writingB. The cutting machineC. The machine gun D. The flying machine（）3. Leonardo was strange, for example, .A. he didn ' t eat any vegetablesB. he usually used mirror writingC. he liked to publish his discoveriesD. he en

47、joyed drawing flying machines（）4. Leonardo invented some machines to.A. stop the warB. help paint picturesC. watch the birdsD. make good use of time（）5. From the passage, we can learn that Leonardo was veryA.humorousB.serious C.clever D.lonely根据句子意思或汉语意思填写单词1 .Tom（出生于）in 1989 in America.2 .There is

48、a shy girl in our class（被称作）Lily.3 .There are apples and milk in the fridge. It looks empty.（8）Good evening, ladies and gentlemen. Welcome to the nine o' clock Mystery Hour. Todaywe' ll show you two British stories. We hope you' ll enjoy them.About 900 years ago two green children arrive

49、d in a small village in south England. Theireyes and skin were green and they spoke a strange language. They were very tired and weak, so the people of the village looked after them. The boy died a year later, but the girl grew strong and lived the rest of her life there. And her skin colour turned back to normal day by day. Scientists say that sometimes of people don' t have enough food to e