(完整)初中英语非谓语动词讲解

1、非谓语动词之“动词不定式”详解非谓语动词就是不充当谓语的动词，分两种。一是动词不定式。二是动词ing形式。一、动词不定式1)作主语To learn English well is not easy.或 It is not easy to learn English well.说明动词不定式作主语时，往往用 it作形式主语，这种句型可归纳为下面的句型：e.g. It is + adj.+动词不定式如果要说明不定式表示的动作执行者，可以用 for+sb.e.g. It is + adj.+ for sb.to do sth.2)作表语(表语用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的，表语常由名词

2、、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词的-ing形式、不定式、从句来充当，它常位于系动词(be, become, appear, seem, look, sound, feel, get, smell 等词)之后。)e.g. My wish is to become a teacher.3)作宾语或者宾语补足语e.g. Most of us like to watch football matches.e.g. He told me to be here on time.4) 作定语： e.g. I have nothing to say about that thing.5) 作状语： e.g. H

3、e stopped to have a look.说明动词不定式的否定形式：not + to +动词原形构成e.g. He asked me not to make such a mistake.2、动词不定式与疑问词连用：疑问词who, what, which和疑问副词 when, where, how, why等后面可以按动词不定式，构成动词不定式短语。e.g. He doesnt know how to use the machine.(2) How to use the machine is a question.(3) The question is when to go there

4、.3、省去了 to的动词不定式1) let, have, make+do2) 感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find +to 。注意：在被动语态中则to不能省掉。e.g. I saw him dance. =He was seen_to dance.e.g. The boss made them work the whole night.=They were made to_work the whole night.3) would rather , had better + do4、动词不定式的

5、特殊句型：1) too to +to do ： e.g. He is too excited to speak.2) enough to do :e.g. The child is old enough to goto school.3) Why not +doe.g. Why not take a holiday?4) so as (not) to do: 表示目 的 e.g. Go in quietly so asnot to wake the baby.5、不定式的难点：1)用作介词的“ to”：比如说 look forward to ; pay attention to; devote

6、 oneself tobe/get used to ,后面都是 +doing 的!2) It's for sb.和 It's of sb.的区别1二、动词 ing形式：动词ing形式分为两种，一是动名词，二是现在分词1 .动词的-ing形式用作动名词：动名词是动词的一种非谓语形式，由动词原形加 -ing构成，它在句中起名词的作用，可以在句子中用作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补语、状语和定语。1）动名词作主语：e.g. Walking is good exercise.走路是很好的运动2）动名词作表语e.g. My favorite sport is swimming. 我最喜欢的运动

7、是游泳。3）动名词作宾语：e.g. Jim dislikes eating chocolate.吉姆不喜欢吃巧克力。e.g. She can' t help crying at a sad movie.她看了忧伤的电影禁不住要哭。说明有些动词和动词短语只能接动名词。e.g.admit, finish, forgive, give up, mind, practise, be good at, do well in, can't help, keep on, feel like, be used to, look forward to, prefer to,。6）动名词作定语：动

8、名词可以单独作定语，就像形容词一样。e.g. a smiling face 笑脸 swimming pool 游泳池 dining-car 餐车2 .动词的-ing形式用作现在分词：-ing分词通常用作宾语补足语，表示动作正在发生或者正在进行。这种用法通常用在下列动词中：see, hear, find, smell, watch, find, listen to, look at, notice, observee.g.1） There we found him watching TV.我们发现他在那儿看电视。2） I heard someone knocking at the door. 我

9、听见有人在敲门。3.动词ing形式和动名词之间的比较：下面这些动词，后面接不定式或动名词意思都是一样的：begin to dobegin doingcontinue to docontinue doingstart to dostart doing卜面这些动词，后面接不定式或动名词意思是不一样的:stop to dostop doingforget to doforget doingremember to doremember doingtry to dotry doinggo on to dogo on doingbe afraid to dobe afraid doing【专练】1. Do

10、n't forgetthe letter.A. to sendB. sendC. sending2. The chair looks very old, but in fact it is very comfortable toA. sitB. sit onC. be sat3. Isnecessary to return the book tomorrow?A. thisB. thatC. it4. I'm afraid they would not allow himhere.A. to smokeB. smokingC. smokes5. Mother told meth

11、e water before I drank it.D. being sent .D. be sat onD. whichD. smokeA. boilingB. boiledC. boil2D.to boil6. On my way home, I stopped _ some food.A. buyB. to buyC. buyingD. bought7. Li Yang advised metoo much, otherwise I would have been drunk.A. not to drinkB. to drinkC. not drinkingD. drinking8. H

12、e two million yuan a vase at the auction.A. spent, buyB. cost, buyingC. paid, buyD. spent, buying9. The first thing I want to do is .A. visit to himB. to visit himC. visiting himD. visited him10. John was made _the car for a week as a punishment.A. to washB. washingC. washD. to be washing11. is one

13、thing, is quite another.A. To say, to doB. Say, doC. Said, didD. To say, do12. I ll try _ the same mistakes again.A. to not makeB. not makeC. not to makeD. not making13. It s too hard _it by himself.A. not to doB. to doC. that I doD. doing14. It s time for sports. Let s bowling, shall we?A. goB.to g

14、oC. goingD. goes15. .MZhrou, you d better_ too much sugar. You are already overweight,A. not to eatB.to eatC. not eatD. eatsaid the doctor.7C. as to examineC. workingCleanedD. examiningD. workedD. To cleanD. It, givingD. buildingD. of havingD. let, take1 If you keep (fight) with him, you may hurt yo

15、urself.2 The students are busy (prepare) for the coming exam.3 His duty is (save) the sick people.4 I have nothing (send) you.5 They were made (work) ten hours a day.6 No one knows what (do) next.【提高题】I. 选择题。1. The doctor cameour eyes.A. to examine B. for examining2. Our teacher always makes us hard

16、.A. to workB. work3. our classroom once a week is necessary.A. CleaningB. Clean4. is our duty good service to customersA. That, to giveB. This, givingC. It, to give5. It took yearsthe highrise.A. for our buildingB. for us in buildingC. to build6. Their wish is a house of their own.A. to haveB. for h

17、avingC. have7. The teacher agreed usthe test papers home.A. to let, takeB. to let, to takeC. letting, take8. When he saw I was in a hurry, he offered me his bicycle.A. lendingB. lentC. to lend9. I don't likepeople about their neighbours.A. hear, talkingB. to hear, talkingC. to hear, to talk10. I

18、 haven't decided A. to take which trainB. which to take a trainC. which train to takeD. which train taken11. You must rememberme a phone call as soon as you get there.A. givingB. to giveC. gave12. Professor Brown taught his students English, and he learnedthem.A. how to speak, speakingB. how to

19、speak, to speakC. how speaking, speakingD. how speak, to speak13. Sorry, I forgotyou that the party wouldn't be held tonight. That's all right. Mary has told me about it.A. tellingB. I toldC. told14. I wonderhim or not.A. if inviteB. whether to inviteC to invite15. I hopeyourself.A. you to m

20、anageB. for you to manageC. you managingD. that you can manage16. Would you like you the way there? It's kind of you. Thank you.A. me showingB. that I showC. me showD. in lendingD. hearing, talkedD. giveChinese fromD. to tellD. if to inviteD. me to show17. The old man said that he'd preferal

21、one in the country rather than live with his son in the city.A. livingB. to liveC. that he lives D. for him to live18. I know Alice very well. I have seen her up from childhood.A. growB. grewC. was growingD. to grow19. Since nobody told her, she came to our help.A. what she didB. to do whatC. what t

22、o doD. what she to doB. how a dress be made20. My aunt showed me A. how to make a dressC. how making a dressD. how a dress made21. After she finished the exercises in the textbook, she triedmore exercises.A. to find, to doB. finding, to do C. to find, she didD. finding, done22. The policeman told Sm

23、ith after drinking.A. to not driveB. not drivingC. not driveD. not to drive23. Tom kept quiet about his mistakelose his job.A. so not as toB. so as not toC. so as to notD. not so as to24. Pat should love little Jim to the theatre this evening.A. to takeB. takingC. that he would take25. We enjoy _ ve

24、ry much, because it is good for our health.D. ranA. runB. runningC. to run26. The light in the office is still on. Oh, I forgot .D. that I should turn it offD. that they would restD. if tellingD. me that he gotD. gave.A. turn it offB. to turn it off C. that I turned it off27. They were very tired an

25、d stoppedunder a big tree.A. restingB. to restC. rest28. Would you mind me the answer to the problem? Not at all.A. that you tell me B. tellingC. to tell29. He promiseda doctor for my son.A. me to getB. that he got me C. me getting30. Father told the boy the dog a few bones after dinner.A. that he g

26、aveB. to giveC. giving31. that money for his education, his parents worked hard even after their day's work.A. For gettingB. GetC. So as to getD. In order to get32. I think you aremeals yourself.A. enough old to cookB. old enough to cookC. old enough for cookingD. enough old cooking33. The maths

27、 problem isdifficult.A. so, as to work outB. very , to work outC. too, to work outD. quite, worked out34. Last night I was so tired that I fell asleep soon. I didn't hear him in.A. comingB. cameC. to comeD. come35. Have you anything importantus?A. to tellB. tellingC. told usD. you tell36. Do you

28、 know about Captain Ed Mitchell? 202 Yes. He was the sixth man on the moon.A. walkingB. walkedC. to walkD. of walking37. It is niceherso.A. for, to sayB. for, sayingC. of, to sayD. of, said38. Isn't it a nice way the hard problem?A. to solveB. in solvingC. solveD. solving39. You'd betterher

29、about her own health now.A. not to tellB. not tellC. to not tellD. to tell not40. What a coincidence! Dr. Brown happenedthe doctor I was looking for.D. to beingA. he wasB. beingC. to beII. 填空题。1. Factories do not let out dirty water（ 为了不污染河流）.2. Her job is . （照顾医院里患病的孩子）3. In the supermarket the col

30、lege students learned. （ 如何为顾客服务）4. There were so many toys that Judy didn't know. （ 挑选哪一个）.5. The only trouble is. （ 如何保护这些电脑）6. He will save money .（ 为了支付将来的大学费用）7. The nurse. （ 不允许孩子们玩火柴）8. This medicine will.（ 帮你入睡）9. They will be sent（ 到非洲当医疗队员）.10. The boy asked his teacher.（让他自己修理冰箱）11. T

31、he question is. （ 是否让孩子们自己解决这个问题）.12. This telephone is. （ 足够小可以放进口袋）13. This book will tell you . （ 如何使这台电脑储存信息）14. I . （没有回答试卷上的最后一个问题）15. It is not easy . （ 一个人戒烟）16. You can take a taxi there. （ 而不是步行去）17. The underground train is . （ 足够快可在20 分钟内从我们学校行驶到体育场）.18. The lecture hall is . （太小容纳不下500

32、个学生）19. Julia hurried to school. （ 没有吃早餐）.20. I told the students. （不要将罐头和饮料瓶扔进河里）21. Thomas . （有许多问题要问老师）22. Do you know the saying “ .” （活到老学到老）23. Jack saw . （牛跑回来）24. Athens ran all the way（ 把好消息告诉他的人民）.25. He was the first man . （ 骑骑自行车做环球旅行）26. They enjoy. （ 爬山和野营）27. As soon as the teacher en

33、tered, he asked（我们停止讲话 ）.28. （在一个半小时内做完这份试卷） is almost impossible.29. We were happy. （ 看到他们回到营地）30. Would you mind . ？ （我在你办公室打电话）9答案：I.1. A 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. C 6. A 7. A 8. C 9. B10. C 11. B 12. B 13. D 14. B 15. D 16. D 17. B 18. A19. C 20. A 21.A 22. D 23. B 24. A25. B 26. B 27. B 28. B 29. A 30. B 31. D32. B 33. C 34. D35. A 36. C37. C 38. A 39. B 40. CII.1. so as not to pollute the rivers2. to take care of the sick children in the hospital3. how to serve customers