高考英语二轮语法专题复习非谓语动词

1、语法复习之非谓语动词编写人： 审核人： 审批人：姓 名： 班 级： 小 组： 一、 非谓语动词在句中所做的成分成分所做成分主语宾语表语定语状语补语不定式动名词现在分词过去分词二、非谓语动词的三种形式及其表达的意义主动被动不定式一般式to do to be done进行式to be doing完成式to have doneto have been done完成进行式to have been doing-ing 形式（动名词/现在分词）一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done过去分词doneto do：目的，将来doing：进行，主动done

2、：完成，被动三、非谓语动词在句中的作用1非谓语动词作状语(1)不定式作状语表示目的I stopped the car to take a short break as I was feeling tired.不定式作结果状语表示出乎意料的结果，动词不定式前常加only。George returned after the war，only to be told that his wife had left him.(2)现在分词作状语一般式doing表示动作和谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生，与句子的主语是主动关系。The sun began to rise in the sky，bathing th

3、e mountain in golden light.完成式having done表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。I got to the office earlier that day，having caught the 7：30 train from Paddington.被动式having been done表示动作发生在谓语动作之前，与句子的主语是被动关系。Having been asked to work overtime that evening，I missed a wonderful film.(被动意义，非谓语动词的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前)(3)过去分词作状语过去分词作状语时

4、，与句子主语之间是被动关系。Seen from the top of the mountain，the city is very beautiful.(被动关系)Seeing from the top of the hill，we find the park even more beautiful.(主动关系)2非谓语动词作定语(1)现在分词作定语现在分词(短语)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，表示该动作的主动和进行。Laura was away in Paris for over a week.When she got home，there was a pile of mai

5、ls waiting for her.(2)动词不定式作定语不定式作定语表未做的事情。His first book to be published next month is based on a true story.不定式作定语的特殊用法：下列词语后常接不定式作定语：chance，wish，right，courage，need，promise，time，opportunity，way，the first，the second，the last，the only等。不定式作定语和所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系。There is no one to look after her.不定式与被修饰

6、的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系。She is now looking for a room to live in.(3)过去分词作定语过去分词(短语)作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有被动关系，表示该动作的被动或完成。You cannot accept an opinion offered to you unless it is based on facts.His first book published last month is based on a true story.注意：表示心理状态的动词­ing形式，意为“令人的”；动词­ed形式，意为“(人)感到的”，也可修饰体现

7、内心感受的look，expression，tears，smile，voice等名词。3非谓语动词作宾语(1)动词afford，promise，refuse，expect，hope，learn，offer，wish，want，fail，plan，agree，forget，like，prefer，decide，manage，try，arrange，determine，desire等后面接不定式作宾语；动词come，get，grow后接不定式作宾语时，意为“逐渐地”。David refused to accept my invitation.She has a hot temper，but you

8、will grow to like her.下列词语后可接“疑问词不定式”：teach，decide，wonder，show，learn，forget，ask，find out，advise，discuss等。I dont know how to deal with this kind of matter.(2)动词admit，appreciate，avoid，consider(考虑)，delay，dislike，enjoy，escape，excuse，finish，imagine，keep，mind，miss，practise，risk，resist，suggest等后要接动词­i

9、ng形式作宾语。Bill suggested holding a meeting on what to do for the Expo during the vacation.动词短语cant stand，give up，feel like，keep on，insist on，look forward to，put off，devote.to，object to，be busy(in)，get down to，have difficulty/trouble(in)，have a good/wonderful/hard time(in)，have fun等后要接动词­ing形式作宾语。

10、I had great difficulty finding the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.介词后要接动名词：what about，how about，be fond of，be good at等的介词后接动名词。注意on/upon doing sth.as soon as 引导的从句，作此意讲时on/upon后也可以接名词。On his arrival at the station，he found the train had just started.注意：表示一种倾向多接动名词作宾语，如果表示某一特定的或具体的行动，多接

11、不定式。I like listening to music，but today I dont like to.want，require，need表“需要”讲，后用不定式时要用其被动形式，用动名词时用其主动形式(表被动意义)。The patient required to be examined.The patient required examining.4非谓语动词作主语(1)动名词作主语Hearing how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.It is no use crying o

12、ver spilt milk.(动名词短语作主语，it作形式主语)(2)不定式作主语To see is to believe.Seeing is believing.It is important to respect people.(不定式短语作主语，it作形式主语)5非谓语动词作宾补(1)分词作补语的区别现在分词作宾补的两大特征：一是宾语与现在分词有主谓关系；二是现在分词所表示的动作正在进行。可接现在分词作宾补的动词(短语)常见的有：have，see，hear，find，get，leave，notice，watch，keep，start，set，catch，smell，feel，send，

13、listen to，look at等。I looked up and noticed a snake winding its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.I wont have you speaking to your dad like that.I heard an English song being sung by a little girl when I passed by her room yesterday.(被动，正在进行)过去分词作宾补的两大特征：一是及物动词的过去分词作宾补与宾语有动宾关系；二是不及物动词的过去分词作宾补与宾语

14、有主谓关系，多用来表示动作已完成。可接过去分词作宾补的动词有：have，see，hear，find，leave，want，make等。Claire had her luggage checked an hour before her plane left.I was surprised to find my hometown changed so much.(2)不定式作补语接带to的不定式作宾补，此类动词(短语)有：advise，allow，ask，cause，command，encourage，expect，forbid，force，get，hate，invite，leave，like，m

15、ean，order，permit，persuade，prefer，request，tell，want，warn，wish，call on，depend upon，long for，wait for等。I didnt mean you to hear it.Were all longing for the new term to begin.Im sorry，I cant go out with you.I have an urgent thing to settle.接不带to的不定式作宾补的动词(短语)有：make，have，let等使役动词以及see，watch，notice，observ

16、e，look at，feel，hear，listen to等感官动词。如果这些动词或短语用于被动语态，则to不可省略。动词help后的不定式符号to可以省略，也可以保留。Let those in need understand that we will go all out to help them.She was seen to enter the managers office ten minutes ago.(3)with宾语宾补The man felt very happy with so many children sitting around him.John received a

17、n invitation to dinner，and with his work finished，he gladly accepted it.With a lot of difficult problems to settle，the newly elected president is having a hard time.6非谓语动词作表语(1)动名词作表语时，说明主语的性质或特征。The queens work is laying eggs.(2)不定式作表语时，说明主语尚未发生的动作，或表示将来的动作。His ambition is to go to Harvard Universi

18、ty.注意：现在分词或过去分词作表语时，通常为分词化的形容词。四、高考链接非谓语动词是历年高考语法填空的必考点。如果句中已有谓语动词，并确定所给动词要填写为非谓语动词，就要考虑是v.­ing形式、过去分词形式还是动词不定式。非谓语动词与语法填空用所给动词的正确形式填空1When a new day breaks，the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough (cool) the house during the hot day：at the same time，they warm up again for the

19、 night.(2015·全国)2Since the plants took a while to grow，he started cutting down trees (sell) the wood.(2015·广东)3It took years of work (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water.(2014·新课标全国)4She wished that he was as easy (please) as her mother，who was always delighted with p

20、erfume.(2009·广东)5Abercrombie & Kent，a travel company in Hong Kong，says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.(2015·全国)6In addition to their simple beauty，what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to “air condition” a house

21、 without (use) electric equipment.(2015·全国)7I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver，but he refused to stop until we reached the next stop.Still，the boy kept (ride)(2014·新课标全国)8A study of travelers (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destina

22、tions in the world.(2015·全国)9The adobe dwellings(土坯房) (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modern of architects and engineers.(2015·全国)10Mary will never forget the first time she saw him.He suddenly appeared in class one day，(wear) sun glasse

23、s.(2012·广东)解题策略1首先分析句子结构，若句子中已有谓语动词且不是并列谓语时，需考虑非谓语动词。然后分析非谓语动词在句中作何成分，再根据各非谓语动词特点确定填哪种形式。对于不定式的考查，需注意不定式的时态和语态，熟记常考跟不定式作宾语的动词以及一些常考句式。2现在分词作状语，表示自然而然的结果或伴随，且与句子主语构成逻辑上的主动关系；现在分词作定语表示动作的主动进行行为或正在进行中；动名词作主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性动作；此外，应熟记能用动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语。3过去分词可作状语、定语或补语，表示被动与完成；若作表语常考的为形容词性化的过去分词；过去分词不可作主语

24、或宾语。4其次，还可以从分析句子成分角度，确定所填非谓语动词的形式：(1)作主语，v.­ing形式与不定式一般可以互换，意义无多大区别；但在疑问句和句型“There is no主语”中，主语需用动名词而不用不定式。(2)作目的状语或在形容词后作状语，一般用不定式。(3)作伴随状语，通常用分词：与逻辑主语是主动关系，用现在分词；与逻辑主语是被动关系，用过去分词。(4)作宾语，通常用动名词或不定式，介词后面要用动名词。(5)作定语：不定式表将来；现在分词表进行；过去分词表被动与完成。(6)作宾语补足语：不定式表动作全过程；现在分词表主动或进行；过去分词表被动或完成。(7)独立主格和wit

25、h复合结构的非谓语动词要考虑与复合宾语的逻辑关系。非谓语动词与短文改错高考短文改错中，句中出现多个谓语动词且无连词的错误；非谓语动词形式错误，如本该用不定式或动名词却用了原形；在介词或某些动词后本应接动名词的却用了原形，本该用现在分词的却用了过去分词等。另外，不定式符号to的多用或少用也常考。单句改错(每小题1处错误)1Its been a month since I came to this new school and I really want share with you some of the problems I have been experiencing.(2015·

26、四川)2The position of the classroom with its view made me felt like I was dreaming.(2015·浙江)3Weve been spending a lot of time sing in karaoke bars.(2015·四川)4I enjoyed sit close to the windows and looking at the view.(2015·浙江)5I might have to retire again next year just get some more of

27、these biscuits.(2015·陕西)6My favorite picture at the party is of my coach and me enjoy the biscuits with happy laughter！(2015·陕西)7After looks at the toy for some time，he turned around and found.(2015·全国)8She used to holding me on her knees and sing old songs.(2013·新课标全国)9Have tea

28、in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner，which might not be served until 8 oclock at night.(2013·新课标全国)10I also shared with my friends many photos taking in Beijing.(2012·陕西)解题策略句中已有谓语动词，若再出现动词，又没有并列连词，注意考虑非谓语动词的形式，根据其在句中成分以及逻辑关系，来判断其形式是否正确。做短文改错时，需注意以下几个方面：1作主语或宾语不

29、能用动词原形，通常改为­ing形式或不定式。因在短文改错中，只能改一个词，如果主语是原形，就只能改为­ing形式了。2熟记其后只能接­ing或只能接to do作宾语的动词。3介词后要用动词的­ing形式。注意区分to是介词还是不定式符号。4一些固定短语或句式中的非谓语动词形式。5根据非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系来确定用­ing形式还是用­ed形式。6别混淆谓语动词与非谓语动词。五、综合练习.单句语法填空1It is widely believed that (form) a good habit will benefit us all

30、 our lives.2For example，the proverb，“plucking up a crop (help) it grow”，is based on the following story.3When there was no place in the whole field (leave) to dig，the rabbit dug a tunnel right to where the dog had been lying all the time.There he found the carrot and the bone.4The doors to the theat

31、er were open and we handed our tickets to the ticket takers (stand) in the doorway.5Their lives are made a bit easier to have this opportunity (find) nice clothing for not a single penny.6I noticed a man (sit) at the front.7While she was getting me (settle) into a tiny but clean room，the head of the

32、 village was tying up his horse to my car.8Anyone who finds a dead bird with a band on its legs is asked to send the band to Washington with a note (tell) where the bird was found.9When Peter speaks in public，he always has trouble (think) of the right things to say.10Today we have chat rooms，text me

33、ssaging，emailing.but we seem (lose) the art of communicating face­to­face.单句改错(每小题1处错误)1One evening at sunset，we sat by the fire，have our barbecue.2Felt hungry，we built a fire by the lake and barbecued the fish.3After think for some time，I let her copy my answers.4It is difficult to unders

34、tanding why she barks every minute shes outside.5He wanted teach me about animals，insects and trees.6He isnt good at talk but he gets on well with other people.7Gradually，I became interesting in biology and chose to learn biology when I entered the college.8Thank you so much for not only giving me l

35、ife，but also teach me how to be a good person.9Therefore，I told them interested stories and how I was enjoying Brazil.10Third，we should find ways to reuse the water using in washing，especially bath water which is quite a lot，and that will save much water.语法填空非谓语动词专练AThere is a wonderful story about

36、a young girl who had no family and no one 1.(love) her.One day,2.(feel) very sad and lonely，she was walking through a grassland when she noticed a small butterfly 3.(catch) in a thorn bush.The young girl carefully released the butterfly.Instead of 4.(fly) away，the little butterfly changed into a bea

37、utiful fairy.“In return for your wonderful kindness，”the good fairy said to the girl，“I will give you any wish that you would like 5.(get)”The little girl thought for a moment and then replied，“I want to be happy.”6(lean) toward her，the fairy whispered in her ear and then disappeared.With the little girl 7.(grow) up，there was no one in the land happier than she was.Everyone wanted to make themselves 8.(tell) the secret of happiness by her.She would only smi