高中英语语法-代词和历年高考试题

1、高中英语语法 -代词代词分为九类：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词 疑问代词、连接代词、不定代词、关系代词。大多数代词具有名词和形容词 的作用。1、人称代词than1人称代词作主语用主格，作宾语、表语用宾格，但应注意以下情况： 在比拟级的句子中than、as后用主格、宾格都可以。女口： He is taller me2两个以上的人称代词并列，其次序排列原那么： 在并列主语中， “I 总是放在最后，排列顺序为：二三 一人称格me也一样。You ,she and I will be in charge of the case.Mr.Zhang asked Li Hua and me

2、 to help him. 第三人称，男女两性并用，男先女后。He and she still don't agree to the plan.3几个人称代词的特殊用法。 we/you 口语常用来泛指一般人。 she可以代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等。The “Titanic was the largest, wasn't she?2. 物主代词(1)名词和形容词性物主代词各自的语法功能。(2) one' s own=.of one ' s own 句式的转换。3. 反身代词( 1)反身代词的语法功能：宾语、表语、主语或宾语的同位语。( 2)反身代词和某些动词连有

3、，构成固定短语。enjoy oneself, feel oneself, make oneself at home, make oneself understood( 3)反身代词还可用于某些成语中。for oneself 为自己或独立地， of oneself 自然地，自动地 by oneself 单独地， in oneself 本身性质， beside oneself 喜怒哀愁至极This problem gets a chapter to itself. 这个问题占了一章(独有) 。Just between ourselves, I don' t think much of私下地

4、说我并不怎么看重他。They were discussing about it among themselves. (相互共同)Left to himself he began to write. 别人走后只留下他，他写了起来。4. 相互代词( each other, one another ) 相互代词无人称、数和格的区别，在句中作宾语。其所有格分别为eachother '、one another '，作定语。一般来说，each other 指两者之间，oneanother 指三者或三者以上之间，但现在区分已不明显。5. 指示代词( this, that , these, t

5、hose, such, same ) 指示代词具有形容词和代词两种词性， 在句子中可以作定语、 主语、宾语或 ( 1)指示代词 this 和 that 的区别。 this (these) 一般指时间或空间上较近的人或物； that(those) 常指时间 或空间较远的人或物。This is my desk and that is yours. In go to school.this常指后面要讲到的事物，有启下的作用；those days they could notthat那么指前面讲到过的事物，有承上的作用。I want to tell you this: the Englishparty

6、willbe held on Saturdayafternoon.He hurt hi s leg yesterday. That 's why he didn 't come. 为了防止重复，常用that或those代替前面已提过的名词。The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Nanjing.The ears of a rabbit are longer than those of a fox. this在 用语中作自我介绍，that询问对方；this和that可以当副 词用，意思相当于副词 so。(2) such和same

7、的用法。 such指“这样的人或事，在句中作主语和定语。Such was the story. We have n ever see n such a tall build ing. same指“同样的人或事，在句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语，same的前面要用定冠词 the.The same can be said of the other article.另一篇文章也是同样的情况。(主语)Whether he can do it or no t, it is all the same to me.他是否能做这事，对我来说都一样。(表语)6、疑问代词( who, whom, which, wh

8、at, whose )疑问代词在句中作主语、宾语、定语和表语。(1)who/what 询问姓名或关系。Whois he?He is my brother./He is Henry.询问职业或地位。What is he ？He is a lawyer/teacher. What/who作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于说话人的视点，可单数也可复 数。What is /are on the table? Who is/are in the library?(2)which 与 who whatwhich表示在一定范围内，而 who what那么无此限制。I found two books on the

9、desk. Which is yours?7. 连接代词和关系代词连接代词与疑问代词的形式相同， 主要有 who、whom、whose、what 、which 以及它们与 ever 合成的代词 whoever、whomever、whatever 、 whichever 等。它们用来引导主语从句，宾语从句和表语从句， 即连接复合句中的主句 和从句，并在从句中担任一定的句子成分。关系代词是用来引导定语从句的代词， 它们包括 who、whom、whose、which 、 that 等。这两类代词的用法详见“名词性从句和“定语从句局部。8、不定代词不定代词主要有： all 、 each、every 、

10、both 、either 、 neither 、one、 none、little、few、 many、much、other 、another 、some、any、 no 等。还有由 some、any、no 和 every 构成合成代词， 不定代词具有名词和形容词 的性质， 并有可数和不可数之分， 在句中可以作主语、 表语、宾语、同位语、 定语、状语等 every 、no 只能作定语。下面介绍几组主要不定代词的用 法与区别。1 some与 any一般用法：some any可与单、复数可数名词及不可数名词连有。some一般用于肯定句， any 多用于疑问、否认或条件句。He has some Ch

11、inese paintings. 定语 Some like sports, others like music. 主语 Do you have any questio ns to ask?(I don' t know any of the stude nts.定语宾语特殊用法： any用于肯定句表示“任何的意思。Any child can do that.定语You may take any of them.宾语 some用于单数可数名词前表示“某一。Smith went to some place in En gla nd.定语 在期待对方答复yes时，some用在表示请求或邀请的问

12、句中。Would you like some banan as?邀请Mum, could you give me some mon ey? 请求 some用于否认句表示局部否认。I don ' t know some of the students.宾语some和 any在句中还可作状语，作副词。some意为“大约相当于“ about 而any那么表示程度，意为“稍，丝毫。如：There are some 300 workers on strike.Do you feel any better today?2 one, both, allone作定语、表语、主语或宾语，可以指人或物，表

13、示“一个的意思，其复数为on es,指人时，其所有格是 one' s，反身代词是on eself.One should try one 's best to serve the people.主语、定语 This is not the one I want. 表语 one、ones 可以代替上文提到过的名词，以免重复，one、ones 前面分别可以用 this 、that 、these 、 those 或 the 、 which 等词修饰。如：These books are more interesting than those ones.Here are three pens

14、. Which one is yours, this one or that one orthe one in the pencil-box? both用作定语、宾语、主语和同位语，可以指人或指物，表示“两者都 的意思。This maths problem can be worked out in both ways.定语Both of the boys are here. 主语We both are students. 同位语注意：both用于否认句，表示局部否认；表示完全否认时，用neither。女口:Both of us are not teachers. 我们俩并不都是教师。Neith

15、er of us is a teacher.我们俩都不是教师。both不能放在the、these、those、my等之后，而放在它们的前面。如：Both my parents like this film.Both the /these boys are tall. all用作主语、表语、宾语、定语、同位语，指“全部的、“整个的，可与可数或不可数名词连用，除少数情况外，一般不与单数可数名词连用，他把全部的钱给了我所有的学校都被淹了I told him all about it.我把一切都告诉了他He gave me all the money.All the schools are flood

16、ed.That 's all for today. 今天就在这儿。 They have all been to Xi 'an. 他们都去过西安。All the ants don't go out注意：all用于否认句，表示局部否认，完全否认用none。如：Not all the ants go out for food. (or: for food.) 并不是所有的蚂蚁都出去寻找食物。None of the money is mine. 这钱一分也不是我的。(3) many禾口 muchmany和much都表示“许多，但many修饰或代替复数可数名词，much修饰或代替

17、不可数名词。它们在句中可作主语、宾语、定语。much 有时用作状语。( 4) few, little; a few, a littlefew 和 little 表示没有多少，含否认意义；而 a few 和 a little 表示 有一些，有几个，含肯定意义。另外，few、a few 修饰可数名词； little 、a little 修饰不可数名词。它们在句中常用作定语、主语和宾语。( 5) no 和 noneno=not any,表示“没有，用来修饰可数名词或不可数名词，通常作定 语，none代替不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；代替可数名词 作主语时，谓语动词可用单数也可用复数形式。n

18、one还可以在句中作宾语注意：none既可以指人又可以指物，no one 只能指人。The teacher gave each of the stude nts a new textbook.6each 禾口 everyEvery student it our class has a dictionary.有的人定语，强调班上“所Each stude nt in our class has a dicti on ary.定语，强调各个个体Each of them has bee n there.主语We each got a ticket.each 各个，指两个或两个以上的人或物，侧重个体，在

19、句中作主语、 宾语、定语和同位语。every 每个，指三个或三个以上的人或物，侧重整 体，在句中只能作定语。同位语宾语7either 和口 neithereither 是“两者中任何一个的意思，可修饰或代替单数可数名词， neither是“两者中没有一个的意思，可以修饰或代替单数可数名词，它 们可在句在作主语、宾语或定语。如：Here are two pens. You may take either of them.宾语Neither boy knows Fren ch. 定语注意：either也作副词，其意为“也,用于否认句的句末。He doesn' t like tea, and

20、 I don ' t either. 状语either与or构成连词，意为“不是就是或“要么要么。He is either Japanese or Chinese. neither 用作副词，意为“也不，即“ not either 。Hecan' t do it, neither can I. neither 可与nor构成连词，意为“既不也不。Neither he nor youare a student.8other 和 another, the others 和 othersthe other 表示“两者中的另一个 ；“ the other + 复数可数名词表 示“其余他

21、的 ;the others表示“其他的人或物 。“ others及other + 复数名词泛指“其他的别的人或物 。这些词语在句中可作 主语、宾语和定语。如：He got two books; one is textbook, the other is a novel.Five of the pencils are red, the othersthe other pensare yellow. Some are singing, others are dancing.another 修饰或代替单数可数名词， 意为“三个或三个以上的 另一个， 不能指两者中的另一个，在句中可作宾语和定语。Thi

22、s coat is too dark. Please show me another.宾语 Please give me another book. 定语注意：another修饰复数名词时，意为“再，又。如：Please give meanother ten minutes.one anothera second a thirdthe other 意为 “一个一个一个一个用于三者或三者以上的排列。some-others others ，意为“一些一些一些 。代词 A 各地高考题1. When you introduce me to Mr. Johnson, could you please s

23、ay forme?A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing2. If our parents do everything for us children, we won't learn to depend onA. themselves B. themC. usD. ourselves3. You are a team star! Working with is really your cup of tea.A. bothB. either C. others D. the other4. Helping others is a

24、 habit, you can learn even at an early age.A. itB. thatC. whatD. one5. in my life impressed me so deeply as my first visit to the PalaceMuseum.' an is high_e_r_thinanan_y_A. thatB. this C. itD. one7. On my desk is a photo that my father took ofwhen I was a baby.A. himB. hisC. meD. mine8. Neither

25、 side is prepared to talk tounless we can smooth thingsover between them.A. othersB. the otherC. anotherD. one other6. The cost of renting a house in central Xi other area of the city.9. He had lost his temper and his health in the war and never foundof them again.A. neitherB. eitherC. eachD. all10.

26、 To improve the quality of our products, we asked for suggestionshad used the products.A. whateverB. whoC. whicheverD. which11. Nowadayssome hospitals refer to patientsname, not casenumber.12.A ofB asC byD withthat' s important is that you are doing your best and moving inthe right direction.CDC

27、DB ACBBA CB代词 B 各地高考题1. I felt so bad all day yesterday that I decided this morning I couldnce day like that.A. other B. anotherC. the otherD. others2. One of the most important questions they had to consider was ofpublic health.A. whatB . thisC. that D. which3. Nine in ten parents said there were s

28、ignificant differences in their approach to educating their children compared with of their parents.A. those B. one C. bothD. that4. Jane was asked a lot of questions, but she didn' t answer A. other B. anyC. noneD. some5. I like this house with a beautiful garden in front, but I don money to bu

29、y .A. one B. it C. this D. that6. Being a parent is not always easy, and being the parent of a child with special needs often carries with extra stress.A. itB. themC. oneD. himBCDBBA代词C各地高考题1. Which of the two computer games did you prefer? Actually I did n't likeA. both of them B. either of the

30、mC .none of themD .n either of them2. The English spoken in the United States is only slightly different from spoke n in En gla nd.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. the one3. It was hard for him to learn English in a family, in which of thepare nts spoke the Ian guage.A .noneB. n eitherC .bothD. each4. To kn

31、ow more about the British Museum, you can use the In ter net or goto the library, or.A .n eitherB. someC .allD. both5. The two girls are gett ing on very well and sharewith each other.A littleB .muchC .someD .none6. Is n't it amaz ing how the huma n body healsafter an injury?A .himselfB .himC .i

32、tselfD .it7. Our neighbors gavea baby bird yesterdaythat hurtwhen it fell from its n est.itA .us; itB. us; itselfC .ourselves; itselfD.ourselves;8. The manager believes priceswillnot rise by moretha nfourperce nt.9.A .any otherB .the otherC. ano therD .otherCould we see each other at 3 o 'clock

33、this after noon?Sorry, let's make ittime.A. other ' sB. the otherC. ano therD. other10.wan ts to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way.A AnyoneB .The oneC. WhoeverD. Who11. I'd like some more cheese.Sorry, there'sleft.A. someB .noneC .a littleD. few12. How do you find your new cla

34、ssmates? Most of them are kind, but is so good to me as Bruce.A. noneB .no oneC .every oneD .some one13. Could you tell me how to get to Victoria Street? Victoria Street? is where the Grand Theatre is.A . Such B. ThereC. ThatD. This14. Make sure you've got the passports and tickets and before yo

35、uleave.A. somethingB. anythingC .everythingD. nothingBCBDB CBCCC BACC代词 D 各地高考题1. felt funny watching myself on TV .A .OneB. ThisC It D. That2. The mayor has offered a reward of $5,000 to who can capture thetiger alive or dead.A .both B. others C anyone D .another3. He didn't make clear when and

36、 where the meeting would be held.A. this B .thatC .itD .these4. I don't mind her criticizing me, but is how she does it that I objectto.A. it B .that C .this D .which5. To save class time, our teacher hasstudents do half of the exercisesin class and complete the other half for our homework.A .us

37、 B .we C. ourD. ours6. Little joy can equalof a surpris ing ending whe n you read stories.A .that B .thoseC. anyD .some7. The book is of great value.can be enjoyed uni ess you digest it.A. Nothi ng B. Someth ingC. Everyth ingD .Anything8. The information on the Internet gets around much more rapidly

38、 thanin the n ewspaper.A .itB .those C .one D .that9. I made so many cha nges in my compositi on that only I could read it. Toelse, it was hard to make out.A. noneB. every oneC. some oneD .anyone10. Which driver was to blame?Why, !It was the child's fault, clear and simple. He suddenlycame out b

39、etwee n two parked cars.A. bothB .eachC. eitherD. neither11. We had a pic nic last term and it was a lot of fun, so let's haveonethis mon th.A .the otherB .someC. ano therD. other12. is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to astron ger, more prosperous economy.A. AsB .ThatC. Th

40、isD .It13. Who called me this morni ng whe n I was out?A man call ingRobert.A .himB. himselfC .hisD./14. The chairman thought necessary to invite Professor Smith tospeak at the meeti ng.A .thatB .itC .thisD .him15. The doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday, but did n't help

41、.A .itB .sheC .whichD .he16. No progress was made in the trade talk as n either side would accept thecon diti ons of.A. othersB .the otherC .eitherD .ano ther17. I prefer a flat in In ver ness toin Perth, because I want to live n earmy Mom's.A. oneB. thatC. itD. this18. You will find as you read

42、 this book that you just can't keep some of thesestories to. You will want to share them with a friend.A. itselfB. yourselfC. himselfCCCAA AADDD CDBBA BABER二组1. Have you heard the latest n ews?No, what?A .is itB. is thereC .are theyD .themselvesD. are those2. What do you think of the performa ne

43、e today?A. AllB. NoneC .An ybodyD. EverybodyGreat! but a musical genius could perform so successfully.3. There is still a copy of the book in the library. Will you go and borrowNo, I'd rather buyin the bookstore.A. it; oneB .one; oneC .on e; itD .it; it4. Jim sold most of histhin gs. He has hard

44、ly left in the house.A. anythingB .everyth ingC .nothingD .someth ing5. He got his first book published. It tur ned out to be a best-seller.Whe n was?was in 2000 whe n he was still in college.A. that; ThisB .this; ItC .it; ThisD. that; It6. As the busiest woma n in Norton, she madeher duty to look afterall the other people's affairs