高考名词专项练习题题库

1、高考名词专项练习题题库一、单项选择名词1 The knowledge and skills the trainees have learned can help them make a clear between what is right and wrong.A distanceB distinctionC donationD defense【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查名词。A. distance 距离； B. distinction 区别，差别；C. donation 捐款； D. defense 防卫，防护。句意：受训者所学到的知识和技能可以帮助他们区分对错。故选B。2 The gir

2、l received no approval of his family as her marriage with an African boy was regarded as a from tradition.A violation B departureC withdrawal D separation【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查名词的词义辨析。A. violation 违反，妨碍；B. departure 离开，出发；C. withdrawal 撤退，收回；D. separation 分离，分开。句意：这个女孩没有得到家人的认可因为她与非洲人的婚姻被认为是背离传统的。结合句意可知答案为

3、B。3 As an American living in-Tianjin for about 10 years, Chris says that it has been a bea witness to China s greast sp.rogreA privilege B preference C priority D principle【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：作为一个在天津生活了大约10 年的美国人，克里斯说，能够见证中国的巨大进步是一种荣幸。A. privilege 荣 幸； B. preference 偏爱； C. priority 优 先； D.princip

4、le原则。privilege荣聿”符合句意。故 A选项正确。4 How amazing it is that Zuckberg can speak Chinese! After all, it is a bigfor anywesterner to learn such a totally different language.A adventure B achievementC trend D challenge【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。A. adventure 冒险； B. achievement 成就； C. trend 趋势； D. challenge挑战。句意：扎克

5、伯格会说中文是多么令人吃惊啊！毕竟，对任何西方人来说，学习一门完全不同的语言是一个巨大的挑战。根据句意可知此处表示“挑战 ”，故 D 项正确。5 It can t be a(n) that four jewelry stores were robbed in one night.A coincidenceB accidentC incidentD chance【答案】B【解析】词义辨析。A.巧合；一致 B.事故；意外 C事件；事变D.机会。句意：四家珠宝商店在一夜之间被抢劫不会是一起事故。含有意外的意思，故选B。6 You ve taken the lead in the test again

6、. Can you share your for success with us? Remember, the early bird catches the worm.A bonusB recipeC gloryD fancy【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意： 你又在考试中领先了。你能和我们分享一下你成功的秘诀吗?一记住，早起的鸟儿有虫吃。A. bonus奖金；红利；B. recipe食谱；秘诀；C. glory光荣；荣誉； D. fancy 幻想；想象力。根据句意故选B。7 Please read the on the bottle and take the right amou

7、nt of medicine.A explanationsB instructionsC descriptionsD introductions【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：请阅读瓶子上的说明，并服用适量的药物。A. explanations 解释； B.instructions 说明； C. descriptions 描述； D. introductions 介绍。由“ take the right amount ofmedicine. 可知，应该按照瓶子上的说明服用适量的药物。所以 ”instructions 说明 “ ”符合句意。故 B 选项正确。8 -Did you s

8、ee the new movie directed by that famous director? It esastaid to be grsuccess.-No, I have been busy preparing all the officethese days.A /; equipmentsB the; equipmentC /; equipmentD a; equipment【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查冠词和名词复数。句意：-你看过那位著名导演，导演的新电影了吗?据说非常成功。-没有，这些天我一直在忙着准备所有的办公设备。success为不可数名词，但a success强调是 “

9、一件个成功的事或人。这是抽象名词的具体化的用法。equipment 为不可数名词，没有复数形式，不要不定冠词来修饰。故D 选项正确。【点睛】抽象名词是指表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念的名词。抽象名词一般为不可数名词，如success， progress， pity， surprise 等。但是，在一定场合下，某些抽象名词和某些物质名词可以具体化为个体名词，这时它们具有可数名词的功能，这种情况我们称之为抽象名词具体化。现将中学阶段常见的这类名词归纳如下：一、表示抽象的特性、状态、思维以及动作行为的一次、一种、一场、一类等的名词，有时可具体化为可数名词。这时常组成an +形容词+抽象名词”结

10、构。如：He has a great interest in English,他对英语显得很感兴趣。二、表示具有某种特性、状态、情感、情绪的人或物，这类名词有的已经完全转化为可数名词，词义也有所变化。如：抽象名词表示具有某种特性、状态、感情情绪的人或事。如：抽象名词（不可数）具体化（个体名词，可数名词）in surprise 惊讶地a surpris屋件令人惊讶的事win success获得成功a success个（件）成功的人 博1）分析句子可知，success为不可数名词，但 a success强调是 标件个成功的事或人。这是抽象名词的具体化的用法。equipment 为不可数名词，没有复

11、数形式，不要不定冠词来修饰。故D 选项正确。9 The organization was founded for the of poor children.A benefitB interestC advantageD value【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个组织是为了贫困儿童的利益而建立的。A. benefit 好处；利益；B. interest兴趣；爱好；C. advantage优势；D. value价值。根据句意故选A。10 Somehow Pavel s words made sense to Bruno and he resisted the to say“

12、Ow”more, and when Pavel finished applying the green liquid he took a bandage from the first-aid box and taped it to the cut.A convenienceB trickC impressionD urge【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：不知怎的，帕维尔的话对布鲁诺来说很有意义，他克制住了想说 噢”的冲动。当帕维尔涂完这种绿色液体后，他从急救箱里拿出一条绷带，把它绑在伤口上。A. convenience 方便；B. trick 诡计，窍门；Compressio

13、n 印象；D. urge 强烈的欲望。根据句意故选Do11 Seeing the happy of children playing in the park, I m overjoyed and sure of thefuture of our country.A. sightB. viewC. sceneD. sign【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：看到孩子们在公园里玩耍的快乐场面，我欣喜若狂，对我们国家的未来充满信心。A. sight视力；眼界；见解； B. view视野；意见；风景； C. scene场面；情景；D. sign标志；符号。根据语境，此处表达着到孩子们在公

14、园嬉戏的快乐情景(scene)”之意，scene常指包含人的活动的场景，其他三项均不符合语境，故选C。12 I have absolutely no the students who get caught cheating in exams even thoughthey were seriously punished.A. impact onB. sympathy forC. concern aboutD. complaint about【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查短语辨析。句意：我绝对不同情那些考试作弊被抓的学生，即使他们受到了严厉的惩罚。A. impact on 影响； B. symp

15、athy for 同情； C. concern about 担心； 关心； D. complaintabout投诉；对抱怨。根据句意可知选Bo13 I can t which one is bestit s personal taste.A. a lack ofB. a means ofC. a manner of D. a matter of【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词短语辨析。句意：我无法说哪一个最好-这是个人品味问题。 A. a lack of缺乏；B. a means of方式，方法；C. a manner of方式；D. a matter of的问题。根据句意可得知D选项符合题

16、意。故选 Do14 His conflicted with that of the other witnesses and yet his story had, for me, the ring oftruth.A. expectation B. instructionC. response D. account【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：他的叙述与其他目击者讲的有矛盾。然而在我看来，他所说的有可能是真的。 A. expectation 期望； B. instruction 指示； C. response 回应;D. account 陈述。 由 “yet his story可

17、知， account符合句意。故 D选项正确。15 Deliberately push yourself out of your. Try things that you do not normally try.A. originB. budgetC. routineD. identity【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。A. origin起源；B. budget预算；C. routine常规，惯例；D. identity身份。句意：故意让自己脱离常规。尝试一些你通常不会尝试的事情。结合句意可知答案为Co16 - Did you see the new movie directed

18、by that famous director ? Its said to be great fun .一No . I have been busy repairing all the broken office these days .()A. a; equipmentB. the; equipmentsC. /； equipmentD. /； equipments【答案】C【解析】试题分析：句意：上文，你看了这部由那位著名导演导演的新电影了吗？据说很有趣。下文，没有。那些天我一直在忙于修理损坏的办公室设备。第一个空，抽象名词前不用冠词；第二个空，equipment是不可数名词，选 C。考点

19、：考查冠词17 People are very frightened when they think of the in which someone is eaten by a tiger.A. sightB. sceneC. viewD. sign【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：人们一想到有人被老虎吃掉的情景就非常害怕。A. sight视里? B.scene场景C. view视线D. sign标志。根据句意及常识，人脑海中浮现的一般是一个场景。只有B项符合。故选Bo18 After the earthquake, the first thing the government d

20、id was to provide for thehomeless families.A accommodationB resourcesC furnitureD recreation【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：地震后，政府做的第一件事就是为无家可归的家庭提供住处。A.accommodation 住处； B. resources 资源；物力； C. furniture 家具； D. recreation 反应。根据 句意故选A。19 Charles Darwin explained the of species on earth in his book that came o

21、ut in1859.A ancestorB originC beliefD custom【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：查尔斯达尔文在他1859年出版的书中解释了地球上物种的起源。A.ancestor祖先；B. origin起源；C. belief信仰；D. custom习惯，风俗。结合句意可知答案为8。20 This new phone is aimed at young people in the 18- 25 age and in the eye of them,the product can a message to other people that they are we

22、ll-off.A range; deliverB dimension; convey C range; conveyD dimension; deliver【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查名词和动词辨析。句意：这款新手机针对的是18- 25 岁的年轻人，在他们眼中，这款产品可以向其他人传达一个信息，他们很富裕。短语 in .age range在，年龄范围内”，故 第一空应用range， dimension 表示 “尺寸；体积”；第二空中deliver 表示 “交付；递送”，convey 表示 “传达；传输”，结合句意故选C。21 More than half of the participant

23、s said that getting married was not an importantfor becoming an adult.A tensionB restrictionC circulationD criterion【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：超过一半的受访者表示，结婚并不是成为成年人的重要标准。A. tension紧张； B. restriction 限制，约束；C. circulation 流通，传播；D. criterion 标准，准则。根据getting married 和 becoming an adult 可知，结婚是成为一个成年人的“准则 ”。故选D

24、。22 During the Song Dynasty, people played a game called cuju, which is regarded as the of ancient football.A resourceB causeC originD reason【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在宋朝，人们玩一种被称为蹴鞠的游戏，它被认为是古代足球的起源。A. resource 资源；B. cause原因；事业；C. origin起源；D. reason原因；足球是由古代的蹴鞠演变而来，也就是说蹴鞠是足球的起源。根据句意可知C 项正确。23 I would

25、like to thank all of you who made the effort. It is a relief that employees so clearly show their to their job. Thank you.A devotionB applicationC connectionD invitation【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我要感谢所有付出努力的人。员工们如此热爱自己的工作让人感到欣慰。谢谢。A. devotion 奉献，专心；B. application 申请； C. connection 联系； D.invitation 邀请。

26、 devotion to 意为 “献身于，热爱”，因此使用devotion 符合句意，故选A。24 The self-driving smart bus is already operating in 10 cities across China, with the latestin Shanghai in August.A explorationB exclusionC expansionD explosion【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：自动驾驶智能巴士已经在中国10 个城市投入运营，最新的一次扩展是今年 8月在上海。A. exploration探索，勘探；B. exc

27、lusion排外；C. expansion扩大, 扩展； D. explosion 爆炸。根据句意及选项，此处是说自动驾驶智能巴士最新一次投入使用是在上海。故选C。25 As all the readers can see, the painting presents the children s mood before the trip andafter the trip in a sharp .A oppositeB contrastC comparisonD contrary【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：正如读者们所看到的，这幅画呈现了孩子们出游前后的心情，二者是截然

28、相反的。A. opposite 对立面；B. contrast 对照； C. comparison 比较； D. contrary相反。此处对比孩子们出游前后的心情，in a sharp contrary 表示 “恰恰相反”，故 D 项正 确。26 Anyone who is in of weapons without permission is considered law- breaking.A commandB controlC chargeD possession【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词词义和短语辨析。句意：没有许可证而拥有武器的人被认为违法。A. command 命令；B. control控制；C. charge负责；D. possession拥有。根据句意可知，此处固定短语 in possession of 拥有 “ ”符合语境。故选D。27 Those who suffer from headache will find they get from this medicine A reliefB securityC mercyD protection 丹 3【答案】A【解析】【分析】【详解】本题考查名词词