2019高考英语二轮(阅读理解)珍品训练(11)及解析

1、2019高考英语二轮（阅读理解）珍品训练（11）及解析 （*） Americans are proud of their variety and individuality, yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform, whether it is the uniform of an elevator, operator or the uniform of a five-star general. Why are uniforms so popular in the United States? Among the argu

2、ments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more professional than ci- vilian (百姓旳)clothes. People have become conditioned to expect superior quality from a man who wears a uniform. The tel- evision repairman who wears a uniform tends to inspire more trust than

3、one who appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the skill of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform. What easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to lose professional identity(身份) than to step out of uniform? Uniforms also have many practical benefits. They save on oth

4、er clothes. They save on laundry bills. They are tax-deduct ible(可减税旳). They are often more comfortable and more durable than civilian clothes. Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of individuality experi- enced by people who must wear them. T

5、hough there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it, without change, until retirement. When people look alike, they tend to think, speak, and act similarly, on the job at least. Uniforms also give rise to some practical problems. Though they are long-

6、lasting, often their initial expense is greater than the cost of civilian clothes. Some uniforms are also expensive to maintain, requiring professional dry cleaning rath- er than the home laundering possible with many types of civilian clothes. 1. It is surprising that Americans who worship variety

7、and indi viduality _. A. still judge a man by his clothes B. hold the uniform in such high regard C. enjoy having a professional identity D. will respect an elevator operator as much as a general in uniform 答案: B 指导：这篇文章主要讲述崇尚个性、崇尚多样化旳美国人为何爱穿制服，以及制服所带来旳利弊，是一道辨别事实题.由第一段第一句“Americans are proud Of thei

8、r variety and individuality，yet they love and respect few things more than auniform”可知应选B项.2. People are accustomed to think that armn in uniform_. A. suggests quality work B. discards his social identity C. appears to be more practical D. looks superior to a person in civilian clothes 答案: A 指导：由第二段

9、第二句"People have become conditioned to expect superior quality from a man who wears auniform”可判断A项正确.*结束AA Plan For Exploring MarsNASA is moving ahead with plans to put a long-armed Lander on Mars icy North Pole to search for clues for water and possible signs of lifeThe $386 million Phoenix Mar

10、s is planned to touch down in the Martian arctic in 2008The stationary probe will use its robotic arm to dig into the icy land and pick up soil samples to analyzeIn 2002, the Mars Odyssey orbiter spotted evidence of ice-rich soil near the arctic surfaceScientists hope the Phoenix mission will find c

11、lues to the geologic history of water on the Red Planet and determine whether microbes existed in the icePhoenix will be the first mission of the Mars Scout program, a renewed, low-cost effort to study the Red Planet“The Phoenix mission explores new territory in the northern plains of Mars analogous

12、 to the permafrost regions on Earth,” Peter Smith saidTrue to its name, Phoenix rose from the ashes of previous missionsThe lander for Phoenix was built to fly as part of the 2001 Mars Surveyor programBut the program broke down after the well-known disappearance of the Mars Polar Lander in 1999The P

13、olar Lander lost contact during a landing attempt near the planets south pole after its rocket engine shut off prematurely, causing the spacecraft to fall about 130 feet to almost certain destructionThe Phoenix probe had been in storage at a Lockheed Martin clean room in Denver before it was reused

14、for its present missionIt will carry science instruments that were designed for the Mars Surveyor program including an improved panoramic camera and a trench-digging robotic armPhoenix will lift off from the Kennedy Space Center in August 2007 and land on the planet nine months later41The passage ma

15、inly tells readers that _Aclues of water will be found in Phoenix BPhoenix will be sent to find clues of water on MarsCAugust 2007 will see Phoenix lift off Dthe Mars Scout program will be carried out42According to the passage, we know Phoenix will land on Mars _Ain May 2008 Bin August 2007Cin Augus

16、t 2008 Din September 200843After Phoenix lands on Mars, we can infer it will firstly _Afind soil samples and send them to the earth Blook for the icy land to dig for the soil samplesCtake photos and send them to the earth Dfind the remains of the Mars Polar LanderBSome weight-loss camps, which are r

17、are in China just a few years ago, have sprouted in Beijing, Qingdao, Shenzhen, and other citiesToday about 15 percent of adults, or 200 million Chinese, are reportedly overweightOf these,90 millionabout 7 percentare obese（极肥胖旳）Experts say the obesity epidemic is spreading to children, though more s

18、lowly than in adultsThe trend, they say, will have a huge impact on the health of Chinas citizens and economy“Were seeing a very large proportion of children and adolescents who are quite heavy and arent moving much,” said Barry Popkin, a nutrition professorPopkin carries out an ongoing health-and-n

19、utrition survey of 16,000 households in ChinaHe says more kids today are overeating and putting on weight “quite quickly”In just ten years Chinas childhood obesity rate has doubled, with the greatest gains coming in urban areas“In big cities its a big problem”Some experts blame the extra fat on a ra

20、nge of factors, many of them tied to Chinas rapidly changing economy and cultureThe diets of Chinese adults and children are far higher in calorie-laden meat, fish, eggs, dairy products, fat, and sugars than ever beforeIn addition, kidsespecially city dwellersare more sedentary today and spend more

21、time indoors in front of homework, television, computer games, and the InternetShuwen Ng, a health economist, says that kids in China now have pocket money, and they spend a portion of it on junk foodNg adds that advertising and peer groups influence kids food choicesCertain foods, such as new candi

22、es or fast food, have attractive featuresChinas childhood obesity rate still lags that of the United States, where some 15 percent of kids are said to be obeseBut the long-term effects are equally serious44According to the passage we know Aweight-loss camps have been very popular in China six years

23、agoBabout 290 million Chinese are overweight in China in allCin China childhood obesity rate in rural areas is lower than that in major citiesDAmericas childhood obesity rate is lower than Chinas45The underlined word “sedentary” in the third paragraph probably meansAattentive Bearnest Cabsent Dinact

24、ive46According to the passage we can infer that Aobesity explosion in China will affect the United StatesBjunk food contributes to childhood obesityCthere are great differences in kids food choices nowDcity children eat more than rural children47Whats the best title for the passage?AChinese Childhoo

25、d Obesity ExplosionBWeight-loss Camps in ChinaCObesity Explosions Impacts on Chinese EconomyDObesity Explosion in China and AmericaCLast year, I took a sightseeing trip to Washington, DCI heard a voice say, “Can you help me?” When I turned around, I saw an elderly blind woman with her hand extendedI

26、mmediately, I pulled out all of my change and placed it on her hand without even looking at herBut the blind woman smiled and said, “I dont want your moneyI just need help finding the post office”In an instant, I realized what I had doneI acted with prejudiceI judged another person simply for what I

27、 assumed she had to beI hated what I saw in myselfThe thing I had forgotten about myself is that I am an immigrantI left Honduras and arrived in the US at the age of 15I started my new life with two suitcases， my brother and sisterThrough the years, I have been a doorkeeper, cashier and pizza delive

28、ry driver among many other humble（卑微旳）jobs, and eventually I became a network engineerIn my own life, I have experienced prejudiceI remember a timeat the age of 17when I was a busboy, I heard a father tell his little boy that if he did not do well in school, he would end up like meBut now, living in

29、 my American middle-class lifestyle, it is too easy to forget my past, to forget who I am, where I have been ,and to lose sight of where I want to be goingThat blind woman on the streets cured me of my blindnessShe reminded me of my belief in humility（谦虚）By the way, I helped that lady to the post of

30、ficeI hope to thank her for the priceless lesson48How did the writer give the blind woman money? AIn a modest way BIn a polite way CIn an impatient wayDIn a painful way49According to the text, the writer_ Astill lives a poor life Bwas busy with his workCwas born in Honduras Dwas a native of Washingt

31、on DC50According to the text, the author most probably agrees that one should_ Abe nice to the elderly and the disabled Btry to experience different kinds of culture Ctreat others equally with love and respect Dthink about ones past as often as possible51What would be the best title of the text? AA

32、priceless lesson BAn act of prejudice CA sightseeing trip DA humble momentDThere is a boy in my gym class （Ill call him Bill） who has unbearably yellow teeth that almost make everyone feel unpleasantRecently another boy told Bill that he should “go Ajax” his teethBill was crushedHad the other boy be

33、en thinking, he would have realized that there is a better way to handle such a situationHe could have dealt with it with tactHe could have showed this hurtful truth in a more careful, sensitive waythats “tact”If a person isnt sensitive to anothers feelings, there is no way he or she can be tactfulY

34、esterday, my 5-year-old brother proudly announced that he had cleaned the screen on our television setUnfortunately, he used furniture polish（亮光油）, which produced an oily film on the television screenMy mother smiled and thanked him for his effortsand then showed how to clean the screen properlyHer

35、sensitivity enables my brother to keep his self-respectYet, sensitivity alone does not make tact “Tactfulness” also requires “truthfulness”Doctors, for example must be truthfulIf a patient has just been disabled in an accident, a tactful doctor will tell the truthbut express it with sensitivityThe d

36、octor may try to give the patient hope by telling them curing techniques under study or about advanced equipment now availableDoctors must use tact with patients relatives as wellInstead of bluntly saying, “Your husband is disabled,” a doctor might say, “Im sorry, but your husband has lost feeling i

37、n his legs and”Tact should not be confused with trickeryTrickery occurs when a nurse is about to give a patient an injection and says, “This wont hurt a bit” Instead of trickery, the nurse might guarantee the patient that the discomfort of the injection is a small thing compared to the benefits of i

38、tIt would also be thoughtful for the nurse to tell the patients about some of these benefitsTact is a wonderful skill to have, and tactful people are usually admired and respectedWithout tact our society would become an intolerable place to live in52When told he should “go Ajax” his teeth, Bill prob

39、ably felt _Asurprised Bcheated Cregretful Dpainful53According to the author, his mothers praise for the brother is _Aboth sensitive and tactful Bsensitive but not tactful enoughCtruthful but not tactful Dsensitive but trickish54The fourth paragraph mainly talks about _Ahow to comfort the patients Bh

40、ow to use trickery carefullyCdifferences between trickery and promises Danother feature of tact55Which of the following shows the structure of the passage? （The numbers stand for the paragraphs）ECHICAGO （Reuters） - Smoking not only can wrinkle（起皱纹） the face and turn it yellow - it can do the same to

41、 the whole body, researchers reported on MondayThe study, published in the Archives of Dermatology, shows that smoking affects the skin all over the body - even skin protected from the sun"We examined non-facial skin that was protected from the sun, and found that the total number of packs of c

42、igarettes smoked per day and the total years a person has smoked were linked with the amount of skin damage a person experienced," DrYolanda Helfrich of the University of Michigan, who led the study, said in a statement"In participants older than 65 years, smokers had significantly more fi

43、ne wrinkling than nonsmokersSimilar findings were seen in participants aged 45 to 65 years," Helfrich's team added in their reportThe researchers tested 82 people, smokers and nonsmokers, taking pictures of the inner right armsThey ranged in age from 22 to 91 and half were smokersIndependen

44、t judges decided how wrinkled each person's skin wasWhen skin is exposed to sunlight, notably the face, it becomes coarse, wrinkled and discolored with a pale yellow tint, Helfrich's team wroteSeveral previous studies have found that cigarette smoking contributes to premature（过早旳）skin aging

45、as measured by facial wrinkles, the study said, but little has been done to measure the aging of skin not exposed to lightThe report did not discuss the mechanism involved but previous research has found that cigarette smoke, among other things, causes blood vessels（血管）beneath the skin to constrict（

46、紧缩）, reducing blood supply to the skinSmoking can also damage the connective tissue that supports both the skin and the internal organs56The best title for this passage would be_AThe danger of smoking BA survey of smokersCQuit smoking for health DSmoking causes skin aging 57 How wrinkled each person

47、's skin doesnt relate to_Athe number of cigarettes a person smokesBthe kind and characteristics of skinChow long a person smokesDhow long skin is under sunlight58It can be inferred from the study _Asmoking wont make skin protected from the sun ageBsmoking will do damage to skin rather than other

48、 organsCsmokers over 65 usually wont worry about their skinDthe age of smokers is not connected with the result of the test 59From the passage smoking results in skin aging mainly because_Ait will lower blood supply to skinBit can make you feel tired Cit can make skin come offDit can make blood run faster60The main purpose of the passage is to _Ainform people about the result of the study Badvise people to how to protect sk