上海牛津版八年级下册Unit2Water同步讲义解析版

1、上海牛津版八年级下册同步讲义Unit 2 Water单词听写free freezing frozenv. 愣住，吓住；结冰，凝固adj.极冷的adj.冰冻的comfort comfortable comfortably uncomfortatv.安慰adj.舒适的adv.舒适地)lyadv.不舒服地，困难地loud loudly aloudadj.大声的 adv.大声地v. 出声地impatient impatience patientadj.不耐烦的n. /、耐烦，急躁 adj.耐心的，忍耐的float floatingv.漂浮adj.漂浮的，浮动的treatmenttreatv.对待，处理

2、v.对待，治疗thoroughadj.彻底的thoroughly adv.十分地，彻底地pumpv./n.抽,抽吸/泵replyn./v.回复，答复exercisev./n.运动，锻炼/练习scientific science scientistadj.科学的 n.科学 n.科学家valuable valueless valueadj.有价值的adj.无价值的n.价值，重要性，数彳1 completeadj./v.完整的，完成incomplete adj.不完整的completelyadv.完整地，十分increase v.增力口 decrease v.减少ownownerv./adj.拥后，

3、自己的n.所启富，业主bathe bathnv.洗澡.浴缸，盆浴，洗澡一、，司?匚 Wordsl.washbasin n.洗脸盆e.g. Water was pouring into the washbasin. 水正在流入洗脸盆。批注：wash'沈"basin水池，盆”washbasin合在一起就变成了洗脸盆。washbasin一般指固定在浴室中的洗脸盆，而厨房中的水槽则一般称为sink.2. vanish v.消失，突然不见e.g. I thought it would rain, but the clouds have vanished and it's a f

4、ine day.我原以为天要下雨的，可是云消失了，是个好天。【常用搭配】vanish into the air/from sight消失不见vanish in darkness 在黑暗中消失vanish into nothing 化为乌有批注：先让学生回忆以前学过的消失” disappear然后再讲解两者之间的区别1） vanish的语气强，指突然间化为乌有，强调非常彻底地，神秘地消失，失踪。Eg. The airplane vanished into the clouds.The man ran into the shop and vanished from sight.2） disappp

5、ear 是普通用词，语气没有vanish 强烈， 强调从视线或脑海中消失。这消失可能是暂时的/突然的或永久的，视情况而定。Eg. When spring comes , the snow disappears .3. amount n.数量，数额e.g. He spent a large amount of money on books. 他花了很多钱买书。【知识拓展】an amount of 一定数量的a large amount of 大量的a small amount of 少量的批注：提问学生还有一个表示数量的词是什么，如果学生不清楚，老师可以提示学生是数字那个单词number,然后再

6、问问学生这两个词之间的区别，知道多少。接下来老师补充完整amount 修饰不可数名词number 修饰可数名词the number of"的数量”做主语，谓语动词用单数形式a number of “大量的，许多的” 做主语，谓语动词用复数形式。相当于a lot of4. freeze v. 突然停止，惊呆e.g. Fear made him freeze in his tracks. 恐惧使他突然停止前进。He froze in front of the audience. 他在观众面前吓呆了。【知识拓展】freeze v. 冷冻，冷藏（食物）e.g. Not all fruit a

7、nd vegetables freeze well. 并非所有的水果和蔬菜都适合冷藏。批注：看到freeze 这个单词，问学生以前学过的意思的是什么，它的形容词又是什么，如果学生不是很清楚，可以举例子引导学生思考，比如：寒冷的天气怎么说，冰冻的食物怎么说之类的。另外还要告诉学生freeze 的过去式，过去分词的变形（freeze froze-frozen ）5. impatient adj.不耐烦的，急躁的e.g. As a nursery teacher, you mustn't be impatient with the children. 作为幼儿园教师，你不该对孩子急躁。【知识

8、拓展】patient adj. 有耐心的e.g. She is so kind and always patient with those naughty children. 她对这些淘气的孩子们是如此和蔼、有耐心。patience n. 容忍，耐心e.g. I have no patience with him again. 我对他不再有耐心了。批注：词缀im 表示否定，类似的词还有impossible/impatience/impatiently/6. obey v. 服从，顺从e.g. Soldiers have to obey orders. 军人必须服从命令。A car obeys

9、the driver. 车子由司机控制。批注：根据以前所学过的词缀，让学生猜猜不服从怎么说，imobey? inobey?还是disobey?然后告诉学生动词的否定前缀是加dis的。7. faint adj. 微弱的e.g. He felt faint for lack of food. 他因饥饿而晕倒了。She fainted because of the heat. 她热昏了。批注：假如说小明今天身体不舒服，他可以说I am weak , 但是他身体通常都很强壮，是？（让学生自己回答） faint 的同义词和反义词清楚了吗？faint 还有 “头晕 ”的意思8. float v. 漂浮，浮

10、动e.g. Phillip, can you see something red floating in the distance on the water?菲利浦，你看见在远处有个什么红色的东西漂浮在水上吗？A feather floated down on the wind. 一根羽毛随风飘落。批注：floating adj.漂浮的，浮动的Eg. The city has a large floating population. 这座城市有大量的流动人口。9. comfortably adv.安乐地，舒适地e.g. He sat comfortably in his armchair. 他

11、舒服地坐在扶手椅上。【知识拓展】 comfortable adj.舒适的，舒服的e.g. She lives a comfortable life.她过着舒适的生活。comfort v.安慰，鼓舞n.安乐，舒适，安逸e.g. He lived in comfort.他过得很舒服。She comforted the sick child.她安慰这个生病的孩子。10. speed v.加速，加快e.g. The ambulance sped to the hospital.救护车快速开往医院。He was arrested for speeding.他因超速行车而被捕。指点迷津：speed, hu

12、rry(1) speed指快速的运动或行动。e.g. The train sped through the countryside. 火车从乡间飞驰而过。Postal workers laboured overtime to speed delivery of the Christmas mail.邮电工人加班加点以加快圣诞节期间信件的发送。(2) hurry意指比通常快得多的速度，经常伴随着混乱或骚动。e.g. If you don't hurry, you'll miss the plane. 如果你不迅速些，你将会错过班机了。Don't let anyone hu

13、rry you into making a decision you'll regret later.不要在任何人的催促下作出你以后会为之后悔的决定。11. relax v.放松，休息e.g. I relaxed there for a few days. 我在那个地方休息了几天。NO1.relax的形容词是什么?批注：现在你想relax吗？哈哈，那先回答老师的问题，答的好就可以如愿以偿咯,NO2.relax 的名词是什么？答案是 relaxation/relaxed12. works n.工厂e. g. The steel works is closing down.刃B家车W铁厂要

14、关闭了。There has been an accident at the works.那家工厂出 了一次事故。批注：work是工彳works是工厂，你是不是觉得理所当然呢？单词很容易记得住，对不对?a water treatment works 自来水厂13. thorough adj.彻底的，完全的e. g. They made a thorough search for the lost ring, but didn't find it.他们仔细地寻找过那枚丢失的戒指，可是没有找到。【知识拓展】thoroughly adv.十分地，彻底地e. g. The work had no

15、t been done very thoroughly. 这个工作做得不太彻底。14. sewage n.污水，污物e. g. chemical treatment of sewage对下水道污物的化学处理If we love Shanghai, we must stop dumping sewage into the water.如果我们热爱上海，我们必须停止往水里倒污水（物）。批注：sewage plant污水处理厂，回忆刚刚学过的工厂 works,所以还可以说 sewage works15. pump v.用泵输送e. g. The villagers had pumped the we

16、ll dry and could get no more water.村民们已把井水抽干了，再也抽不出水来了。He pumped up his tyres.他给车胎打足了气。【知识拓展】pump n.泵；水泵e.g. in flat tyres with a pump 用气泵给轮胎充气16. precious adj.宝贵的，贵重的e. g. Nothing is more precious than friendship. 没有什么比友情更宝贵的了。She talks about nothing except her precious car.她句句离不开她刃B宝贝汽车。批注：preciou

17、s的近义词是 valuable/costly反义词是 worthlessprecious friendship：珍贵的友谊eg.Nothing is more precious than friendship.没有什么比友谊更宝贵的了。17. liquid n.液体e. g. Water is both a fluid and a liquid.水既是流体又是液体。If you add too much liquid, the mixture will not be thick enough.如果你加入的液体太多，混合液的浓度就不够。18. reply n.答复，回复 v.回答，答复e. g.

18、 Adrian nodded in reply to my question.对于我的提问，阿德里安点头表示同意。A lot of people replied to our advertisemen. 有许多人对我们的广告作出了反应。【常用搭配】in reply （to）为答复；作为对的答复make （no） reply （不）作答复 reply for sb.代表某人作答辩/答谢祝酒reply to回答，答复指点迷津：anwser, replay（1） answer 较常用, 如： answer a question （the door bell, the phone, the lette

19、r, etc.）e.g. He has answered my letter.（此句仅表明他回了我的信。说明他已经收到我的信。）（2）而reply则较正式，意指经过深思熟虑后答复对方的问题和论点。e.g. He has replied to my letter.（此句表明他将我信中的问题都一一回答了。）n . Daily expressions.日 常表达1. pour into倒入，涌入e.g. Please pour some water into my glass.请帮我的杯子里倒点水。Pour the milk into a jug. 把牛奶灌进壶里。People poured int

20、o the hall.人们涌进大厅。批注：pour有两个常见的用法：1）表示使（液体）连续流出；倾倒，倒出 通常以人作主语，被倒液体为宾语，pour后常跟一些介词或副词。如： Pour the sauce over the pasta .把酱汁浇在意大利面上。2）表示“涌流（出）；倾泻（出）”。通常以表示液体或者气体的名词或代词作主语。如：Tears pour down her cheeks . 眼泪顺着她的面颊淌了下来他往四周看，可是没看见任何人。look after 照料look down on 轻视，看不起look forward to 盼望，期待look on/upon 看作look

21、out of朝夕卜看look round 环视look up 在书中查到，查阅（词典）look 的短语，然后再补充完整2. look round=look around 环顾四周e. g. He looked around but saw nobody.【知识拓展】look at看，朝看look back（ 与on， to 连用 ）回想，记起look for 寻找look like 看起来像look out 注意，当心look over 翻阅，浏览look through 从头看完，透视look up and down 上下打量 批注：先不让学生看讲义，通过提示让学生自己总结所学过的3. en

22、joy the view 欣赏风景e.g. Foreigners like enjoying the night-views in Shanghai when they travel to China.外国人到中国来旅游就喜欢到上海来赏夜景。批注：通过in my view 短语让学生回忆view 的另一个意思为“观点 ”4. finish with 完成，结束e.g. He finished with the work. 他完成了这项工作。He finished the performance with a song. 他以一首歌曲结束了表演。批注：通过学生熟悉的finish 的用法来记忆fi

23、nish with， finish doing sth. 完成做某事，finish sth. 完成某事5. drop into 把扔到e.g. Don't drop rubbish on the ground, you should drop it into the litter bin.不能把垃圾扔在地上，你应该把垃圾扔到废物箱里。【知识拓展】drop into sth. 偶然访问（某人或某地），顺便访问e.g. Sorry, we're late-we dropped into a pub on the way. 对不起，我们迟到了 我们中途到酒馆去了。6. speed d

24、own 快速下滑e.g. That young climber sped down the cliff into the valley. Luckily, he didn't lost his life,那个年轻的登山者顺着悬崖跌至了山谷，所幸的是，他没有死。批注：speed的过去式为 sped7. carry to 把 带至Ue.g. Simon carried the suitcase to the Smith's. 西蒙把手提箱送到史密斯先生家。You needn't carry the luggage to your room, our removal will

25、 help you.你不用把行李亲自搬到房间，我们的搬运工会帮你的。8. pump into把抽吸至Ue.g. Push the button, the water in the toilet will be pumped into the drain.按下这个键，马桶里的水就会被抽到管道里。9. remember not to do sth.记得不要做某事e.g. You must remember not to pollute the environment. 你必须记住不能污染环境。批注：跟学生一起回忆remember的用法 remember to do sth.记得要去做某事（未彳）r

26、emember doing sth.记得做过某事（已做）那么forget的用法呢？让学生自己回答，并做好笔记。10. mean by 意思是e.g. What do you mean by saying that? 你那样说是什么意思？二、重要句型 Important Sentences structures1. 1. It's not easy for me to get here.It is十adj. +for sb. (of sb. )to do sth.(对事加以评论/对人加以评论)在这个句型中，it是形式主语，而句子真正的主语是后面的不定式短语e.g. It is diffi

27、cult for you to read through this book in a week or so.对你来说一星期左右看完这本书有困难。It is useful for you to learn how to use the computer. 学习使用计算机对你有益处。批注：跟学生举例子讲解 of/for的区别，并且造句子，便于学生记忆。2. I waited there until you called me, and here I am.until表示持续做某事，用延续性动词。notuntil表示直到才“，可以用瞬间动词。e.g. The baby didn't sto

28、p crying until he saw his mother. 那个婴孩直到看到妈妈才不哭。We had dinner until 8:30 p.m.我们吃晚饭一直至U 8 点半。批注：until /till在肯定句中要用延续性动词，否定句要用瞬间动词3. Then it was time to get cleaned up.It's time to do sth.表示 是做什么事情的时候了 “。它也可以用另外一种句式表达：It's time for sth.e.g. It's time to have dinner. =It's time for dinn

29、er. 是吃晚饭的时候了。It's time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。It's time to go to school.=It's time for school. =It's time for us to go to school. =It's time for going to school.该上学了。4. When you've finished with me, I'll go to a sewage plant.用will表示将来发生的动作或状态。e. g. -Will you join us?

30、你要加入我们吗？-Yes, we will./ No, we won't. 是的，我们要。/不，我们不要。Jane's father will give her a beautiful skirt as her birthday present.珍妮的爸爸要给她一件漂亮的裙子作为她的生日礼物。【知识拓展】注意 will 与 be going to 的区别：(1) be going to 表示事先打算，有意图要发生的事。e. g. I am going to play table tennis with my friends this afternoon.(2) be going

31、 to 还表示客观情况下(非主观打算)即将要发生的动作。e. g. The weatherman says it is going to rain tomorrow.1. no 和 noneno的意思为not any,至于单数名词、复数可数名词好不可数名词前。None of的意思是not any of,置于冠词或其它限定词(如 a, the, her, my, this, that)之前。如： There is no milk in the fridge.There are no eggs rather.None of these shoes fit me. None of the boots

32、 fit either.2. much, many, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, little, few(1) much, little, a little 用于修饰不可数名词；many, few, a few 用于修饰可数名词；a lot of, lots of, plenty of 既可用于修饰可数名词，又可以修饰不可数名词！many 和 much：(2) many 和 much 是表示数量的不定代词，在句中既可以充当名词，也可以充当形容词，可作主语、宾语、定语、表语等，意思为“许多 ”、 “大量 ”。 many 修饰或代替可数名词，much 修饰或代替不可

33、数名词。当much和many用于肯定句中，常与 so, too, as等搭配。如： I picked as many peaches as I could from the tree.I ve got too many clothes. I must give some to my sister.We ate so much that we felt ill.(3) many 作 主 语 时 谓 语 动 词 用 复 数 ， much 作 主 语 时 谓 语 动 词 用 单 数 。 名 词 前 若 有 the/my/your/our/their/this/that/it/these/those

34、等，此时不能直接用many/much ,需用 many of/much of。(4) a lot of 和 lots of ：这两个词组可以当作定语，即当作many 或 much 那样来使用；因此，谓语动词的数不是依据lot 和 lots 来决定，而是依据 of 所引导的名词的数来决定。例如： A lot of time has been wasted 有许多时间给浪费掉了。( a lot of =much )A lot of people have been present. 已有许多人至U了。(a lot of=many )of 引导的是复数名词)There is lots of time

35、 to spare .时间绰绰有余。 (不说 There are ) Open meetings often reveal lots of closed winds 公开讨论往往得以开诚布公。(5) a few, few, a little, littlea few/little 肯定含义，few/little 是否定的含义!前两者用于可数名词的情况，后两种用于不可数名词的情况下；3. enough 和 too(1) enough的用法 先看下面两个句子：She can t buy a sandwich. She hasn t got enough money.He can t reach t

36、he shelf. He isn t tall enough. 从上面的例子中我们可以看出来，enough 在修饰名词时，放在名词的前面(既可修饰可数名词复数，又可修饰不可数名词)，充当形容词；enough 在修饰形容词或副词时，放在形容词或副词后，充当副词。如： Is there enough sugar in your coffee? Yes, thank you.上句中的enough修饰不可数名词 sugar,是形容词Shall we sit outside? No, it s not warm enough.上句中，enough修饰形容词 warm,放在其后，做副词使用。enough

37、还可做代词使用，如I ve got some money but not enough to buy a car. 上句中 enough 相当于 enough money. 请记住下列有关enough 的搭配enough for(somebody/ something)对一 而言足够了 ；enough to do 足以做 ；enough for sb to do 对一而言足以做( 2) too 的用法 too 修饰形容词或副词，是“太；过量”的意思 too much/too many 表示 “过多 ”；too little/ too few 表示 “太少，不足” 与“too有关的搭配too -

38、 for sb/sth对 太；tooto do太以至于不能 toofor sb/sth to do对太 以至于不能词形变换:1. These(perform) clothes are colourful.2. The singer waved to these (visit) while she(dance) to the music.3. Mary is a (care) girl. She seldom makes mistakes. But her brother always makes mistakes, he is a(care) boy.4. We should be (help

39、) to those (help) people.5. I was so tired that I felt the road to my home was(end).6. He is(thank) to you for your help.7. As students, we should do more(mean) things, or our life will be(meaning).8. We all hope to live in a(noise) environment.9. Tom( watch) TV at 10 the day before yesterday?10. I

40、am sure that Mum(know) what Dad(like).11. The line of people(be) endless.12. It seemed(be) hopeless to try(get) inside.(beautiful).(w e lfeomeery sad.13. Don ' t read in the sun. It' s(harm) to your eyes.14. He can play the pianoll(sure)like it.15. He is welcome, but I16. The film is one of

41、the best films for children. Kate, you17. When I(arrive) home, my sister(eat) fruit.18. What(happen) in the next room at that moment?19. Spring is the best time for you(visit) China.20. I(go) to Qingdao if I(have) enough money and time.21. She dances(beauty) among these girls.22. My best friend(join

42、) the Army when he(be) 20 and he(be) in the Army for 3 years.23. He said he(return) the book as soon as he(finish) reading it.24. The thief(see)(enter) the room just now.25. Be quick, or you(miss) the early bus.【答案】 1. performers '2. visitors, was dancing 3. careful, careless 4. helpful, helples

43、s 5. endless 6. thankfulwas eating 18. was happening 19. to visit7. meaningful, meaningless 8. noiseless 9. Was, watching, was discussing 10. knows, likes 11. is 12. to be, to get 13. harmful 14. beautifully 15. unwelcome 16. surely 17. arrived, 20. will go, have 21. the most beautifully 22. joined,

44、 was, has been 23. would return, finished 24. was seen, to enter 25. will miss(建议5-10分钟)I Read and choose the best answer.()1. It's time a rest. You have read the story book for a long time.A. to haveB. havingC. hasD. had【答案】A 【解析】It's time to do sth是时候去做某事了()2. Don't harmful chemicals i

45、nto the river or lake.A. bringB. takeC. rushD. pour【答案】D 【解析】pour sth into sth不要把倒进.()3. The lights are still on in the lab. Please remember before leaving.A. turning them offB. to turn them offC. turning off themD. to turn off them【答案】B 【解析】remember to do记得去做某事)4. The water sped down the mountain i

46、nto the river.The underlined part means.A. moved fastB. pullC. fallD. speed up【答案】A【解析】sped速度快的()5. I just want to and see if I can get any gifts to take home.A. look forB. look atC .look aroundD. look after【答案】A【解析】look for寻找II、 Fill in the blanks with the given words in their proper forms.1. The b

47、oy is lying on the bed(comfortable) and listening to music.2. My brother is always (patient) when he is doing his homework, so he always makes mistakes.3. The man's(work) became famous after he died.4. The boss has a plan to use fewer workers to do(much) work.5. Ken's voice sounded(puzzle) w

48、hen he heard a strange voice. 【答案】comfortably 2. impatient 3. works 4. more 5. puzzledIII、 Read the passage and fill the blanks with proper words.Helen is a young girl who works for the police a a handwriting expert. She has helped catch many criminals byusing her special talent.When she was 14, Hel

49、en was i the difference in her friends' handwriting . After f college she wefor a special two-year class in handwriting at the School of Police Science .Helen says that it is i for people to hide their handwriting . She can discover most of what she needs to know simply by looking at the writing

50、 with her o eyes , but she also has machines that help her make out different kinds paperand ink .The knowledge is often o great help to the police.Helen believes that handwriting is a good s of what kind of person the writer is .【答案】as interested finishing impossible own of sign阅读提高Could you be a g

51、enius like Einstein? A genius needs to learn and think. Reading is a good idea, but it is not e 1.Einstein's advice is to use your brain more. Here are some tips:Ask. When you look at new things, ask why they are new or different. Ask questions. Ask yourself and ask others. Keep t 2 until you fi

52、nd the answer.Draw . Einstein thought in p 3. Sometimes, it helps to draw problems and ideas.Read. Try to read new things. Read books from different parts of the library. After you read, think about the ideas you have learned. Are they d 4 from what you thought?Relax. Many ideas come when you are re

53、laxed. T 5 some time to relax yourself in the ways like takinga walk in a park, going to a concert or a museum.Write . Keep a d 6. Write down your questions and ideas. Write down new ideas after you read.Share. Einstein used to talk to his friends and explain his ideas. Sometimes, a friend can help

54、you find the answer t 7 a problem.Be brave. Do not let other people say your ideas are silly. Explain yourself. Let other people explain why they think you are wrong. Then decide.1.2.3.4. 5.6.7.【答案】1. Enough根据句意可知，虽说阅读是不错的，但是还是不够2. Thinking跟ask对应的应该就是思考，前面已经给出线索3. Pictures画，联想到图片4. different5. Take花

55、费下时间去做某事6. Diary7. To 固定搭配 the answer to the questionHow to deal with cuts and wounds?Most cuts can be safely treated at home.Deeper cuts or any wounds that won ' t stop bleee-inneed emergency medical treatment.What to do:If the cut is severe and you can' t get to a hospital r_1 away or must

56、 wait for an ambulance , begin this treament:1. Apply pressure to the cut with clean gauze , a bandage, or a clean c_2.2. If blood soaks through, place a_3 bandage over the first and continue applying pressure.3. Raise the injured body part to slow bleeding. When bieeding stops, c_4 the wound with a

57、 new, clean bandage.4. To minimize scarring, applying sunblock daily once the wound has fully healed.Contact a docor if the cut:1. seems deep or the edges of the cut are w_5 separated.2. Is on the lip and c 6 the pink border onto the face.3. Continues to ooze and bleed even after applying pressure.4. Is from a bite(animal or human).Send for medical care if the person:1. has a cut and the blood is difficul