2014高考英语抓分训练科普知识型阅读理解1含答案解析

1、2014高考英语抓分训练：科普知识型阅读理解(一)ATheforcesthatmakeJapanoneoftheworld'smostearthquake­prone(有地震倾向的)countriescouldbecomepartofitslong­termenergysolution.WaterfromdeepbelowthegroundatJapan'stensofthousandsofhotspringscouldbeusedtoproduceelectricity.AlthoughJapanesehigh­techcompaniesarel

2、eadersingeothermal(地热的) technologyandexportit, itsuseislimitedinthenation.“Japanshouldnodoubtmakeuseofitsresourcesofgeothermalenergy，”saidYoshiyasuTakefuji, aleadingresearcherofthermal­electricpowerproduction.ThedisastrousearthquakeandtsunamionMarch11, 2011causedareactionagainstatomicpower, whi

3、chpreviouslymadeup30percentofJapan'senergyneeds, andincreasedinterestinalternativeenergies, whichaccountforonly8percent.ArtistYokoOnohascalledonJapantoexploreitsnaturalenergy, followingtheexampleofIcelandwhichusesrenewableenergyformorethan80percentofitsneeds.Fornow, geothermalenergymakesuplessth

4、an1percentoftheenergyneedsinJapan, whichhasfordecadesreliedheavilyonfossilfuelsandatomicpower.Thebiggestproblemtogeothermalenergyisthehighinitialcostoftheexplorationandconstructingthefactories.AnotherproblemisthatJapan'spotentiallybestsitesarealreadybeingdevelopedfortourismorarelocatedwithinnati

5、onalparkswhereconstructionisforbidden.“Wecan'tevendig10cminsidenationalparks，”saidShigetoYamadaofFujiElectric, addingthatregulationsprotectingnaturewouldneedtoberelaxedforgeothermalenergytogrow.ResearcherHideakiMatsuisaid, “Producingelectricityusinghotspringsisadecades­longproject.Wealsohav

6、etothinkaboutwhattodofornowasenergysupplieswilldeclineintheshortterm.”TheEarthPolicyInstituteinWashington, theUS, believedJapancouldproduce80，000megawatts(兆瓦)andmeetmorethanhalfitselectricityneedswithgeothermaltechnology.JapanesegiantssuchasToshibaarealreadygloballeadersingeothermaltechnology, witha

7、70percentmarketshare.In2010, FujiElectricbuilttheworld'slargestgeothermalfactoryinNewZealand.1.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?AAlternativeenergiesinJapanBTheworld'slargestgeothermalplantCJapantakestheleadingeothermaltechnologyDJapanthinksofgeothermalenergy2.WhatpercentageofJapan'sener

8、gyneedsisgeothermalenergy?AAbout8%.BBelow1%.CAround30%.DOver 80%.3.AccordingtoShigetoYamada, thegrowthofgeothermalpowerinJapanneeds_AachangeofrulesBfinancialsupportClocalpeople'shelpDhightechnology4.Geothermalenergyisconsideredasalong­termprogrammeby_AYoshiyasuTakefujiBHideakiMatsuiCShigeto

9、YamadaDYokoOno5.Itcanbelearnedfromthelasttwoparagraphsthat_Atheworld'sbiggestgeothermalplantwasbuiltbyAmericaBJapanwillnotexportitsgeothermaltechnologyCthepotentialofJapan'sgeothermalenergyisgreatDitishardtofindgeothermalenergyinJapanBAblindbabyisdoublyhandicapped.Notonlyisitunabletosee, but

10、becauseitcannotreceivethevisualstimulus(刺激)fromitsenvironmentthatasightedchilddoes, itislikelytobeslowinintellectualdevelopment.Nowtheten­month­oldsonofDrandMrsDennisDaughtersisthesubjectofanunusualpsychologicalexperimentdesignedtopreventalag(滞后)inthelearningprocess.Withtheaidofasonar­

11、;typeelectronicthathewearsonhishead, infant(婴儿) Dennisislearningtoidentifythepeopleandobjectsintheworldaroundhimbymeansofechoes(回声)Thedeviceisanimprovementofthe“Sonicguide”，aninstrumentproducedbyTelesensorySystems, Inc., ofPaloAlto, Calif, andusedbyblindadultsinadditiontoasaneorguidedog.Asadaptedfor

12、Dennis, itconsistsofabattery­poweredsystemaboutthesizeofahalfdollarthatisonaheadgear.Atransmittersendsoutanultrasonic(超声的) pulsethatcreatesan80degreeconeofsoundat6feet.Echoesfromobjectswithintheconeareperceived (felt) assoundsthatvaryinpitch(音调) andvolume(音量) withthesizeanddistanceoftheobject.T

13、hecloseranobjectis, thelowerthepitch, andthelargertheobject, thelouderthesignal.Hardsurfacesproduceasharpping, whilesoftonessendbacksignalswithaslightlyfuzzyquality.AnobjectslightlytotherightofDennis'sendsbackaloudersoundtohisrightearthantotheleft.Thus, bysimplymovinghisheadrightandleftandupandd

14、own, hecannotonlylocateanobjectbutalsogetsomenotionofitsshapeandsize, thankstothevaryingqualitiesofsoundsreachinghisearsastheconeofultrasound(超声波) passesits_edge. Dennislikestousethedevicetoplayakindofpeek­a­boowithhismother.Standingonhiskneeandfacingherdirectly, hereceivesastrongsignalinb

15、othears.Byturninghisheadaway, hemakesherseemtodisappear.“Fromthefirsttimeheworeit，”saysMrsDaughters, “it was like a light going on in his head.”WhatremainstobedeterminedishowwellthedevicewillhelpDenniscopewithhissurroundingsashebeginstowalkandventurefurtherintohisenvironment.Meanwhile, Telesensory,

16、Inc., isworkingonthedevelopmentofsonar(声呐) devicewithsomewhatthesamesensitivityasDennis'forusebyschool­agechildren.1.DrandMrsDaughters'researchisdirectedto_AhelpingtheblindtoseeandlearnaswellasothersBbenefitingthelearningprocessofblindchildrenCsolvingblindchildren'spsychologicalprob

17、lemsDfindingouthowchildrendevelopintellectually2.InfantDennisbecomesthesubjectoftheexperimentmostprobablybecause_AhealreadylagsbehindthesightedchildrenBheleadsalifeasnormalasanyotherchildrenCheisattheearlystageofthelearningprocessDhehastheaidofasonar­typeelectronicdevice3.Whatcanwelearnaboutinf

18、antDennis'device?AIt'sthefirstdesignthatwasdesignedforblindadults.BItsbatteryisassmallasahalf­dollarcoin.CItisfunctionallysimilartoasaneorguidedog.DIthasbeenimprovedbyTelesensorySystems, Inc.4.Inthethirdparagraph, “its edge”refersto“_”AtheedgeofanobjectBtheedgeofthedeviceCtheboundaryofD

19、ennis'movementDtheboundaryofthepitch5.WhatisTelesensorySystems, Inc.mostlikelytothinkaboutinfantDennis'device?AIthadbetterbeusedbyblindchildrenfromschoolage.BItneedsimprovingforuseinacomplicatedenvironment.CItmaynotbesosuitablefortheblindadults.DItbenefitsblindchildrenintermsoflearning.CAgre

20、atinventionbyan18­year­oldhighschoolstudentgrewoutofasimpleproblemmostteenagersmeetwith.“I'mateenagerandIhaveacellphoneandmycellphonebatteryalwaysdies, soIwasreallylookingforawaytoimproveenergystorage，”EeshaKharesaidonTuesday.“That's how I came across supercapacitors.”Theteenagerfr

21、omCalifornia, whograduatedfromhighschoollastweek, wona$50，000prizeonMay17, 2013attheIntelInternationalScienceandEngineeringFairforcreatingadevicethatcanstoreenoughenergytochargeacellphonein20to30seconds.“Itchargesveryquicklyandcanstorealotofenergy，”Kharesaid.“The cool thing is that it's a lot th

22、inner than one hair.”Kharehasn'tusedherinventiontorechargeacellphoneyet, butsheusedittopoweralight­emittingdiode (LED) inordertoshowitscapability(容量).Ifusedoncellphones, thesuperchargerwouldslideontothephone'sbatterytochargeitinamatterofseconds.Thetechnologyisn'tavailabletoconsumers

23、yet, anditcouldbeyearsuntilitis.AtanInteleventinPhoenix, KharewontheIntelFoundationYoungScientistAward, takingsecondplaceoverallintheworld'slargesthighschoolscienceresearchcompetition.Shebeatoutmorethan1，600finalistsfrom70countries.Shesaidthatshehasbeencontactedbyseveralcompaniestocontinueherres

24、earch, butisnowfocusedonattendingHarvardUniversityinthefall.“Rightnow, justmyeducation, buthopefullywe'llseewhathappensinthefuture，”shesaidaboutherplans.“I have a lot of interests, so we'll see what I do in the future.”1.Thepassagestartswith_AwhatproblemmostteenagersmeetwithinlifeBhowKharehe

25、lpedotherswiththeirproblemsA【要点综述】文章主要讲述了日本正在考虑开发地热能这样一件事，因为日本是地震多发国家，国家地热能非常丰富，所以地热能将是日本的新型替代能源。1D文章主要讲述了日本正在考虑开发地热能，所以是围绕地热能的话题展开。故选D项。2B从第六段“For now, geothermal energy makes up less than 1 per cent of the energy needs in Japan, which has for decades relied heavily on fossil fuels and atomic power

26、.”可知，日本地热能不到1%，主要依赖于化石燃料和原子能。故选B项。3A从倒数第四段“addingthatregulationsprotectingnaturewouldneedtoberelaxedforgeothermalenergytogrow.”可知，要开发地热能，需要将现行的规章制度进行改变，故选A项。4B从“Producingelectricityusinghotspringsisadecades­longproject.”可知，HideakiMatsui认为地热能是个长期的项目，故选B项。5C从最后两段“believedJapancouldproduce80，000me

27、gawatts(兆瓦)andmeetmorethanhalfitselectricityneedswithgeothermaltechnology”可知，日本在地热能方面有着巨大的潜力，故选C项。B【要点综述】本文主要介绍了一项针对盲童的学习过程的研究。1B首段第三句末的不定式“topreventalag(滞后) inthelearningprocess”表明了Daughters夫妇研究的目的。另外，文章一开头就提到了本文讨论的重点是针对blindbaby的，由此可见，选项B为本题答案。2C首段首句提到的ablindbaby，第三句提到的ten­month­old和末句提到的infant等词都表明Dennis成为研究对象是因为Daughters夫妇研究的是盲童从小的学习过程，Dennis年龄很小，正处于学习的最初阶段，符合Daughters夫妇做研究的条件，因此选项C为本题答案。3A第二段首句中的improvement表明Dennis用的声呐定位仪是“Sonicguide”的改良版，也就是说“Sonicguide”是Dennis的声呐定位仪的原型。根据该句对其功能的描述可以确定选项A为本题答案。4A第三段第四句中的thanksto表明此处解释了Den