阅读理解复习专题三之推理判断题的解题技巧(课堂PPT)

1、1第一类第一类 推断隐含意义推断隐含意义推断隐含意义，即要求考生根据文章的某个句子、段落或全文推断隐含意义，即要求考生根据文章的某个句子、段落或全文所提供的事实进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到的或者没有所提供的事实进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到的或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事实。旨在考查考生透过词语的字明说的事实或者可能发生的事实。旨在考查考生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力。面意义去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力。一、常见的设问形式一、常见的设问形式推断隐含意义的题干中常含推断隐含意义的题干中常含infer(推断推断)，suggest(暗示暗示)，imply(

2、暗示暗示)，indicate(暗示暗示)，conclude(推断，得出结论推断，得出结论)等词语。等词语。常见的题干设题形式如下：常见的题干设题形式如下：1We can know from the passage that _2. We can infer from the (first/last) passage that _3The passage/author implies/suggests that _4It can be concluded from the passage that _5The underlined sentence indicates that _2二、解题方法

3、二、解题方法解答这类题时，首先通过寻读找到相关信息点解答这类题时，首先通过寻读找到相关信息点(推理的依据推理的依据)；然后细读、理解相关信息点的字面意义；最后结合语境和常识，在字面意然后细读、理解相关信息点的字面意义；最后结合语境和常识，在字面意义的基础上进行符合逻辑的推断，从而理解作者的言外之意。解答此类题义的基础上进行符合逻辑的推断，从而理解作者的言外之意。解答此类题目，需注意以下几个问题：目，需注意以下几个问题：1.严格按照阅读材料中所提供的信息进行推理，切忌掺杂自己的主观想法严格按照阅读材料中所提供的信息进行推理，切忌掺杂自己的主观想法或经验。或经验。2.如果某选项中的内容是阅读材料的

4、简单重复，那它就不是推论，也就不如果某选项中的内容是阅读材料的简单重复，那它就不是推论，也就不是正确答案。是正确答案。3.如果某选项所表达的内容与经验相吻合，文中却没有涉及，那它属于主如果某选项所表达的内容与经验相吻合，文中却没有涉及，那它属于主观臆断的结论，也不是正确答案。观臆断的结论，也不是正确答案。4.如果某个选项所表达的内容虽在文中提到，但很片面或很不完整，那也如果某个选项所表达的内容虽在文中提到，但很片面或很不完整，那也不是正确答案。不是正确答案。5.文中的虚拟语气和情态动词文中的虚拟语气和情态动词(should，must，may等等)往往能流露出作者的往往能流露出作者的弦外之音，这

5、有助于我们确定正确答案。弦外之音，这有助于我们确定正确答案。6.注意作者在文章中的措辞，比如作者在形容词前用了注意作者在文章中的措辞，比如作者在形容词前用了too，excessively，rather等，则常带有否定的意味。等，则常带有否定的意味。3例例1 The position was offered at the last minute，and I was given two weeks to prepare，a period I spent searching for briefcase (公文包公文包)and standing before my fulllength mirror，

6、repeating the words，“Hello，class.Im Mr.Davis.” Sometimes I would give myself an aggressive voice.Sometimes I would sound experienced.But when the day eventually came，my nerves kicked in and the true Mr.Davis was there.I sounded not like a thoughtful professor，but rather a 12yearold boy.Q: What can w

7、e learn about the author from the Paragraph?AHe would be aggressive in his first class.BHe was wellprepared for his first class.CHe got nervous upon the arrival of his first class.DHe waited long for the arrival of his first class.4解析：解析：推断隐含意义题。根据本段中的推断隐含意义题。根据本段中的“But when the day eventually came，

8、my nerves kicked in and the true Mr.Davis was there.”和和“I sounded not like a thoughtful professor，but rather a 12 year old boy.”可知本题选可知本题选C。第二类第二类 推断写作意图推断写作意图推断写作意图，即要求考生根据短文内容推断作者写该文章的目的。推断写作意图，即要求考生根据短文内容推断作者写该文章的目的。一、常见的设问形式一、常见的设问形式1The authors main purpose in writing the passage is to _2The pa

9、ssage is meant to _3The authors purpose is to show _4The purpose of the article is to _5二、解题方法二、解题方法作者的写作目的通常有娱乐读者、说服读者接受某种观点和告知读作者的写作目的通常有娱乐读者、说服读者接受某种观点和告知读者某些信息三种。者某些信息三种。解答此类题时主要有两种方法：解答此类题时主要有两种方法：1主旨推断法：写作目的是阐述作者为何要表达某个中心主题，因主旨推断法：写作目的是阐述作者为何要表达某个中心主题，因此可根据主旨推断作者的写作目的。此可根据主旨推断作者的写作目的。2文体推断法：根据

10、文体的特点和用途来推断作者的写作目的。如文体推断法：根据文体的特点和用途来推断作者的写作目的。如记叙文记叙文，特别是个人的有趣经历或幽默故事类的文章，其目的是娱，特别是个人的有趣经历或幽默故事类的文章，其目的是娱乐读者；乐读者；夹叙夹议的文章夹叙夹议的文章，其目的是让读者得到某种启示或教育；，其目的是让读者得到某种启示或教育；广告和议论文广告和议论文的目的是说服读者接受某种产品、服务或接受某种观的目的是说服读者接受某种产品、服务或接受某种观点；点；科普说明文或新闻报科普说明文或新闻报告，其目的是告知读者某些信息。告，其目的是告知读者某些信息。6例例1 Cold weather can be h

11、ard on pets，just like it can be hard on people.Sometimes owners forget that their pets are just as used to the warm shelter(住所住所) as they are.Some owners will leave their animals outside for a long period of time，thinking that all animals are used to living outdoors.This can put their pets in danger

12、 of serious illness.There are things you can do to keep your animal warm and safe. Keep your pets inside as much as you can when the weather is bad.If you have to take them out，stay outside with them.When youre cold enough to go inside，they probably are too.If you must leave them outside for a long

13、time，make sure they have a warm，solid shelter against the wind，thick bedding，and plenty of nonfrozen water.Q: What is the purpose of this text?ATo solve a problem.BTo give practical advice.CTo tell an interesting story.DTo present a research result.7第三类第三类 推断观点态度推断观点态度推断观点态度，即要求考生推断作者对某人某事的看法或作者所持的观

14、点。推断观点态度，即要求考生推断作者对某人某事的看法或作者所持的观点。一、常见的设问形式一、常见的设问形式1The author seems to be in favor of/against _2The author may probably agree with/support _3Whats the authors opinion about.?4In the authors opinion.?二、解题方法二、解题方法根据文章的内容和作者的措辞能推断作者所持的观点或看法，判断作者的根据文章的内容和作者的措辞能推断作者所持的观点或看法，判断作者的态度是客观的、主观的，肯定的、否定的或是中立

15、的。态度是客观的、主观的，肯定的、否定的或是中立的。8例例1 It is not just unkind but also dangerous to say a fourhourly feeding schedule will make a baby satisfied.The first of the experts to advocate a strict clockwatching schedule was Dr.Frederic Truby King who was against feeding in the night. Ive never heard anything so ri

16、diculous.Baby feeding shouldnt follow a timetable set by the mum.What is important is feeding a baby in the best way，though it may cause some inconvenience in the first few weeks.Q: What does the author think about Dr.Frederic Truby King?AHe is strict. BHe is unkind.CHe has the wrong idea. DHe sets

17、a timetable for mothers.9第四类第四类 推断文章出处推断文章出处推断文章出处，即通过阅读材料，感知内容，从而推断材料的来源。推断文章出处，即通过阅读材料，感知内容，从而推断材料的来源。一、常见的设问形式一、常见的设问形式1The text is most likely to be taken from _2Where does the text probably come from?3Where can we most probably read this text?二、解题方法二、解题方法解答这类推断题时，可根据文章的内容或结构来推断，也可根据各种文体解答这类推断题时

18、，可根据文章的内容或结构来推断，也可根据各种文体的特征来判断其出处，如广告的用词和格式非常特殊，因此容易辨认；报的特征来判断其出处，如广告的用词和格式非常特殊，因此容易辨认；报纸的前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称；产品说明的特点也比较明显，纸的前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称；产品说明的特点也比较明显，一般会介绍其名称、作用或操作方式等。一般会介绍其名称、作用或操作方式等。10例例 1 The multimillion pound new Library of Birmingham (LoB) will be the most visible sign of the way the city

19、is accepting the digitalization(数字化数字化) of everyday life. Set to open in 2013，the 188m LoB is already beginning to take shape next to the Birmingham Repertory Theatre，with which it will share some equipment. Brian Gambles，the LoB project director，says it is about giving people the right tools for le

20、arning.“The aim is to mix the physical with the digital，providing 24hour services which can be used through many different ways.It is important to enable us to reach more people，more effectively.” Gambles says : “Technology will enable us to make the librarys content and services open to citizens as

21、 never before.”Q: The text is most probably taken from _Aa computer book Ba library guideCa project handbook Da newspaper report11第五类第五类 推断目标读者推断目标读者推断目标读者，即要求考生根据短文内容和文中的措辞推断此篇文章主要推断目标读者，即要求考生根据短文内容和文中的措辞推断此篇文章主要是写给谁看的。是写给谁看的。一、常见的设问形式一、常见的设问形式1The passage is probably written for _2Who is the passa

22、ge written for?3The text is written mainly for _二、解题方法二、解题方法解答此类题要根据文章内容，特别是从作者使用的词语和口气来判断。解答此类题要根据文章内容，特别是从作者使用的词语和口气来判断。12例例1 Exploit your parking space An unused parking space or garage can make money.If you live near a city center or an airport，you could make anything up to 200 or 300 a week.Put

23、 an advertisement (广告广告) for free on Letpark or Atmyhousepark. Rent(出租出租) a room Spare room? Not only will a lodger(房客房客) earn you an income，but also，thanks to the governmentbacked “rent a room” program，you wont have to pay any tax on the first 4，500 you make per year.Try advertising your room on Ro

24、omspare or Roommateeasy.Make money during special eventsQ: For whom is the text most probably written?ALodgers. BAdvertisers. CHouse owners. DOnline companies.13u即学即练即学即练练练1When I was a teenager，my mothers broken English embarrassed me.But now，I see it differently.To me，my mothers English is perfectly clear，perfectly natural.It is my mother tongue.Her language，as I hear it，is vivid，direct，and full of observation and wisdom.It was the language that helped shape the way I saw things，expressed ideas，and made sense of the world.Q: What does the author think of her mothers English